2016初二英语现在完成时态的讲解

[键入文字]PAGE[键入文字]现在完成时的讲解和练习题构成：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定式:主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词+其他。疑问式:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?

简略答语:(肯定)Yes,主语+have/has.(否定)No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然，还），once（一次），twice（两次），manytimes（很多次），howmanytimes（多少次），sofar（迄今为止），uptonow,tillnow等时间状语连用。如：※副词的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have/has后，Hehasjustcome.②never表示否定,放在have/has后,HehasnevervisitedtheGreatWall.③ever用于疑问句中,句型为:Have/Has＋主语＋ever＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。Haveyoueverbeentothefarm？④before用于句末，Thewomanhasneverheardofthatbefore.⑤yet用于句末或not之后.Hasthetrainarrivedyet?No,notyet.⑥already用于肯定句,have/has之后或句末.Wehavealreadyfinishedit.⑦sofar用于句首或句末.Sofar,wehavevisitedthemoon.（二）：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：①for＋表示一段时间的词语IhavetaughtEnglishfor19years。②since＋表示过去时间点的词语Hehasbeenatthisschoolsince1986.③since＋表示过去的时间状语从句IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.④since＋一段时间＋ago.Ihaveknownhimsince20yearsago.现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，howlong,allone’slife）连用的动词必须用延续性动词（肯定句）。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。Eg.Ihavebeenateacherfornearly20years.Howlonghashelivedhere?常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下:1、borrow/lend→keep,2、buy→have,3、finish/end→beover,4、begin/start→beon5、open→beopen6、close→beclosed,7、die→bedead8、arrive/come/go/move/reach/getto→bein/at/behere/bethere,9、leave→beaway（from）10、gotoschool→beinschool/beastudent,11、getup→beup,12、fallasleep→beasleep13、fallill→beill14、gettoknow→know,15、lose→belost16、become→be17、begintostudy→study,18、return/comeback/getback→beback19、join→bein/bea…member,20、jointhearmy→beinthearmy/beasoldier21、receive/getaletter→havealetter22、catch/getacold→haveacoldEg.他参军已有三年.Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.（错）改为:Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题1.havebeento和havegoneto的区havebeento强调“曾经去过…”，现已不在那里，已经回来了havegoneto主要强调的是“去了…”，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。2.havebeento和havebeenin的区别havebeento强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。havebeenin表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语测试题I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.9.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.12.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.14.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.15.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?II.Choosethebestanswer.()1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.Ａ.knew Ｂ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow()2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still()3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago()4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten()5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better()6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying()7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew()8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see()9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone()10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish()11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin()12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade()13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived()14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began()15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was()16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen()17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen()18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey()19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived()20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity()21.Howlonghaveyou_______here?A.come B.got C.arrived D.been()22.Mygrandpadied_________.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.()23.Janehas_____toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.been B.gone C.went D.neverbeen()24.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.A.after B.since C.for D.that()25.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.A.metB.havemet C.hadmet D.willmeet()26.--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buy B.did,buy C.are,having D.have,had()27.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemade B.havebecome C.havebeen D.haveturned()28.TheSmiths_______inChinafor8years.A.haslived B.lived C.havebeen D.live()29.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He______theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeento B.hasgoneto C.wentto D.willgoto()30.--____youever____totheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,been C,Do,go D.were,goingIII.Rewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)

I__________________beentoMacaubefore.

2.Hehasn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)_____________hecometoschool?

3.Iboughanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)

I____just____anewbike.

4.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)We________English____threeyears5.Hehasneversurfed,______________?（改成反意疑问句）6.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)______________havetheybeenhere?7.Theoldman_________lastyear.Hehas______________forayear.(die)（动词填空）8.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGaohas_______________________anhourago.四、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空。1)WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.2)David________theparkjustnow.3)John_______Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong_____they_____thisvillage?5)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.6)_____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.7)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.9)When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_____tothezoowithme?Yes,butI_____therebefore.11)Where_____you_____now?I____tothezoo.12)Heoften_____swimming.13)_____you______therelastyear?14)_____theyoften______skatinginwinter?五、用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since填空1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seeni