高中英语必修1Unit3Section5讲义

[技法指导]以旅游为题材的书面表达是比较常见的一类写作形式，属于记叙文的范畴。游记就是将自己在游览过程中的所见所闻和所想记录下来，重在介绍名胜古迹、风土人情等。写这类记叙文应注意：1．游记类记叙文主要是按照时间顺序把一次旅游的过程介绍给别人。旅游的过程和游后感可以交叉进行，也可以在文章的最后写旅游感受。表达旅游感受可用感叹句。2．要用过渡词或时间状语把旅游过程的要点连接起来。3．要融入真情实感。要把自己的思想感情融进文章里，做到既有所见所闻，又有所思所感，这样可以丰富文章内涵，深化写作主题，使文章更具感染力。4．文章时态主要用一般过去时态。人称用第一人称。黄金表达，教你如何营造亮点常用的开头语1．Inordertoencouragethestudentstotakeoutdoorexercise,ourschoolorganized...2．Today,ourschoolorganizedaninterestingoutingforus.3．Lastweekend,myparentsandIwentto...foraholiday.4．Now,I'dliketotellyousomethingaboutanewattraction...环境描述语1．Standingonthetopofthemountain,thetemplehasexperiencedmanychangesinthisarea.2．Surroundedbymountainsonthreesides,thesmallvillagefacesaclearriverontheeast.3．Westofthecitystandsatallbuilding.4．SydneyisthebiggestcityinAustralia,whichhasmanyplacesofinterest,amongwhichistheOperaHouse.5．TheWestLakeisfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.6．OnthewaytoMoscowIsawsomefarmhouseswhichwereabandoned.常用的结束语1．I'llneverforget...2．Thisisanunusual/unforgettablejourneytoLondonTower.3．Thiswasareallife­changingexperiencethatIwouldneverforget.4．Wehadagoodtime/enjoyedourselvesthere.5．Wewereverytired,butwereallyhadawonderfulday.[写作规范][题目要求]请根据下列提示，展开想象，增添细节，写一篇100词左右的游记。1．暑假你和朋友参观了蓬莱山。据说这是家乡最高的山，海拔约1000米。2．你们一路欢歌笑语来到了山脚下，开始爬山。3．山路崎岖，路途遥远。虽然疲惫不堪，但你们并没有放弃。4．最后到达山顶，观看美丽的景色。[三步作文法]第一步：搜索词汇1．参观pay_a_visit_to2．山脚下at_the_foot_of_the_hill3．失去信心lose_heart4．让我们非常高兴的是to_our_great_joy5．被……所打动be_struck_by第二步：由词造句1．据说那是家乡最高的山。①It_is_said_to_bethehighestmountaininmyhometown.②It_is_said_that_it_isthehighestmountaininmyhometown.③People_say_thatitisthehighestmountaininmyhometown.2．在路的两边，我们看到许多种竹子在风中摇摆。①Onbothsidesofit,wesawmanykindsofbamboo,which_were_swinging_in_the_wind．②Onbothsidesofit,wesawmanykindsofbambooswinging_in_the_wind．③Onbothsidesofit,wesawmanykindsofbamboo,andthey_were_swinging_in_the_wind．3．从山顶看去，下面的房子看上去就像小箱子。①Seen_from_the_top_of_the_hill,_thehousesbelowlookedlikesmallboxes.②When_we_saw_the_houses_belowfromthetopofthehill,theylookedlikesmallboxes.第三步：连句成篇AtriptoPenglaiMountainInthesummerholidaymyclassmatesandIpaidavisittoPenglaiMountain,whichliesinthesouthofourhometown.Itisaboutonethousandmetershigh.Itissaidtobethehighestmountaininmyhometown.Singingandlaughingalltheway,wearrivedatthefootofthehillontheearlymorning.Thenarrowroadwindsaroundthemountain.Onbothsidesofit,wesawmanykindsofbamboo,whichwereswinginginthewind.Itseemedasiftheywerewavingtous.Weclimbedhigherandhigher.Thoughourlegsbegantohurt,wedidn'tloseheart.Toourgreatjoy,wegotawonderfulviewfromthetop.Thegreenmountainswereallbelowourfeet,whichstretchedasfarastheeyescouldsee.Afterthesunrose,theforestlayquietandpeacefulinthesun.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thehousesbelowlookedlikesmallboxes.Wewereallstruckbythebeautyofthemountain.Whatahappydaywehad!Iwillneverforgetthedaywespent.[对应学生课时达标训练(十二)]Ⅰ.阅读理解Tomwasacleverboy,buthisparentswerepoor,sohehadtoworkinhissparetimeandduringhisholidaystopayforhiseducation.Inspiteofthis,hemanagedtogettotheuniversity,butitwassoexpensivetostudytherethatduringtheholidayhefounditnecessarytogettwojobsatthesametimesoastomakeenoughmoneytopayforhisstudies.Onesummerhemanagedtogetajobinabutcher'sshop(肉店)duringtheday­time,andanotherinahospitalatnight.Intheshop,helearnttocutmeatquitenicely,sothebutcheroftenlefthimtodoalltheserving(服务)whilehewenttothebackroomtodotheaccounts(账目).Inthehospital,ontheotherhand,hewas,ofcourse,allowed(允许)todothesimplestjobs,likehelpingtoliftpeopleandtocarrythemfromonepartofthehospitaltoanother.Bothatthebutcher'sshopandatthehospital,Tomhadtowearwhiteclothes.Oneeveningatthehospital,Tomhadtocarryawomanfromherbedtotheplacewhereshewastohaveanoperation.Thewomanwasalreadyfeelingfrightenedatthethoughtoftheoperationbeforehecametogether,butwhenshesawTom,thatfinishedher.“No!No！”shecried.“Notmybutcher!Iwon'tbeoperatedonbymybutcher！”andfaintedaway(昏厥)．语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，由于Tom家很穷，他为了上学不得不做两份工作来继续学习。他白天在肉店工作，晚上到医院打工，由此发生了一件有意思的事情。1．Tommadeenoughmoneyby________．A．studyingintheuniversityB．workinginabutcher'sshopC．doingtwojobsD．cuttingmeatwell解析：选C细节理解题。根据本文第一段“duringtheholidayhefounditnecessarytogettwojobsatthesametimesoastomakeenoughmoneytopayforhisstudies”可知，Tom通过做两份工作挣钱，故此题应选C。2．Tomwasastudent,butatthesametimehewas________.A．abutcherandadoctorB．amanagerandadoctorC．anassistant(助手)D．amanager解析：选C推理判断题。根据本文第二段可知，Tom不仅是个学生，他还在肉店和医院帮忙，故此题应选C。3．ThewomanpatientrecognizedTombecausehe________．A．waswearingwhiteclothesB．hadsoldmeattoherC．wasnowworkinginthehospitalD．wasgoingtooperateonher解析：选B细节理解题。根据本文最后一段可知，Tom曾经在肉店卖肉给她，而现在又出现在了医院，因此那个妇女认出了他，故此题应选B。4．“WhenshesawTom,thatfinishedher”meansthesightofTom________．A．plungedherintodeepsorrowB．madeherdecidenottohaveanoperationC．brokeherheartD．tookallherstrengthandcourageaway解析：选D推理判断题。根据本文最后一段“‘No!No！’shecried.‘Notmybutcher!Iwon'tbeoperatedonbymybutcher！’andfaintedaway(昏厥)．”可知，当妇女看见Tom后她昏厥了，故此题应选D。Ⅱ.任务型阅读1．________Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.Thisisnotnecessaryso,however.Anyonecanbeeabetterstudentifheorshewantsto.Here'show:Planyourtimecarefully.Whenyouplanyourweek,youshouldmakealistofthingsthatyouhavetodo.Aftermakingthislist,youshouldmakeascheduleofyourtime.Firstyourtimeforeating,sleeping,dressing,etc.thendecideagood,regulartimeforstudying.2.________Aweeklyschedulemaynotsolveallyourproblems,butitwillforceyoutorealizewhatishappeningtoyourtime.Findagoodplacetostudy.Lookaroundthehouseforagoodstudyarea.Keepthisspace,whichmaybeadeskorsimplyacornerofyourroom,freeofeverythingbutstudymaterials.Nogames,radios,ortelevision!Whenyousitdowntostudy,concentrateonthesubject.Makegooduseofyourtimeinclass.3.________Reallylisteninginclassmeanslessworklater.Takingnoteswillhelpyourememberwhattheteachersays.Studyregularly.Whenyougethomefromschool,gooveryournotes,reviewtheimportantpointsthatyourteacherisgoingtodiscussthenextday,readthatmaterial.4.________Ifyoudothesethingsregularly,thematerialwillbeemoremeaningful,andyouwillrememberitlonger.Developagoodattitudeabouttests.Thepurposeofatestistoshowwhatyouhavelearnedaboutasubject.Theyhelpyourememberyournewknowledge.Theworldwon'tendifyoudon'tpassatest,sodon'tbeoverworried.5．________Youwillprobablydiscoverthemafteryouhavetriedthese.A．Thereareothermethodsthatmighthelpyouwithyourstudying.B．Don'tforgettosetasideenoughtimeforentertainment.C．Takeadvantageofclasstimetolistentoeverythingtheteacherssay.D．Noonecanbeeatopstudentunlessheorsheworkshard.E．Maybeyouareanaveragestudent.F．Makefulluseofclasstimetotakenotesofwhattheteachersaysinclass.G．Thiswillhelpyouunderstandthenextclass.语篇解读：本文是关于有效学习的五个建议。分别是：计划好时间、选择好的学习地点、有规律地学习、利用好课堂时间、认真对待考试。1．解析：选E考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据下一句“Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.”你想过你从未成为优秀生。说明你是一名普通的学生，故E正确。2．解析：选B考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据下一句“Aweeklyschedulemaynotsolveallyourproblems”很满的时间安排不一定能解决所有的问题，一定要有娱乐的时间。故B正确。3．解析：选C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段第一句“Makegooduseofyourtimeinclass.”可知要充分利用好课堂的时间，故C项符合上下文。4．解析：选G考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据前一句“yourteacherisgoingtodiscussthenextday,readthatmaterial”说明预习的重要性，预习以后会让我们的学习更高效。故G项内容符合上下文。5．解析：选A考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据下句“Youwillprobablydiscoverthemafteryouhavetriedthese.”说明除了文章中的这些方法以外，还有另外的方式。故A项符合上下文。Ⅲ.完形填空Istheworldreallygoingmad?___1__dayIwassittinginarestaurant___2__aquickdrinkandatalkwithafewfriendswhenitsuddenly__3__methatalmosteveryoneintherestaurantwassmoking.Itwasn'tlong__4__thewholeroomwas__5__withsmoke.Iaskedwithanapologyfor__6__toopenawindowtostopmyself__7__！Nowadaysairpollutionissomethingthathardlyquestionanymore.However,Istillcan'twalkdownthestreetinanyofthebigcitieswithout__8__thatpeopleare__9__theairpollution.Itistimeforthegovernmentdepartmentsoftheworldtointroduceemission(废气排放)controlsonallcarsand___10__thepublictransportsystem(公共交通体系)toencouragepeopleto___11__theircarsathome.Afriendofminetakesflyinglessoneachmorninganditreallymakeshim__12__whenheclimbsabovethesmoglayer(烟雾)andlooksdown__13__itandthinks:“I'mbreathingthat！”Thiskindof__14__resultsfromthebadmanagementofresources.Wastethingscan__15__should,betreatedproperly.Housebuilding,road__16__，andindustrialdevelopmentareallearthmoving(orearth­reducing)operationsandcanchangethebalancesof__17__createdovermillionsofyears.Iwouldliketo__18__seriousstudiesdoneonallthesemainworksbeforetheyarebuilt.Also,thereshouldbe__19__nationalparkssetuptokeepthemostbeautifulpartsofourcountriesintheirnatural__20__．语篇解读：作者在餐厅的时候发现餐厅里的每个人都在抽烟，从而意识到了空气污染的严重性。阐述了空气污染的严峻现状，并呼吁人们保护空气不受污染，并提出了有效减少空气污染的措施。1．A.TheotherB．AnotherC．EveryD．Each解析：选A考查固定搭配。本文写的是几天前我坐在餐厅里发生的一件事，theotherday“几天前”选A。2．A.askingforB．drinkingC．havingD．buying解析：选C考查动词。askfor“要求”；drink“喝”；have“有”；buy“买”。我坐在餐厅里喝着饮料，haveaquickdrink“喝了杯饮料”。选C。3．A.seemedB．struckC．sankD．showed解析：选B考查动词。seem“看见”；strike“击中”；sink“沉没”；show“展示”。句意：我突然意识到饭店的人都在抽烟。选B。4．A.agoB．afterC．beforeD．now解析：选C考查介词。ago“过去”；after“之后”；before“以前”；now“现在”。因为每个人都在抽烟，所以不久后整个房间充满了烟。Itwasnotlongbefore...“不久后就……”，选C5．A.fullB．filledC．crowdedD．parked解析：选B考查形容词。因为每个人都在抽烟，所以不久后整个房间充满了烟，befilledwith“充满了”选B。6．A.promiseB．helpC．suggestionD．permission解析：选D考查名词。promise“保证”；help“帮助”；suggestion“建议”；permission“允许”。因为房间充满了烟，所以我求得允许打开窗户，选D。7．A.standingB．sittingC．talkingD．dying解析：选D考查动词。stand“站着”；sit“坐着”；talk“谈话”；die“窒息”。句意：我请求打开窗户防止自己窒息。选D。8．A.thinkingB．persuadingC．decidingD．learning解析：选A考查动词。think“想到”；persuade“说服”；decide“决定”；learn“学习”。走在大城市的街上，我还不能不去想人们在遭受空气的污染。9．A.sufferingB．dyingC．walkingD．standing解析：选A考查动词。suffer“遭受”；die“窒息”；walk“走着”；stand“站着”。走在大城市的街上，我还不能不去想人们在遭受空气的污染，选A。10．A.increaseB．reduceC．improveD．raise解析：选C考查动词。increase“增加”；reduce“减少”；improve“改善”；raise“提高”。句意：改善公共交通系统从而减少空气污染，选C。11．A.washB．repairC．driveD．leave解析：选D考查动词。wash“洗”；repair“修理”；drive“驾驶”；leave“留着”。鼓励人leavetheircarsathome“把车留在家里”从而改善公共交通系统，选D。12．A.sickB．tiredC．foolishD．excited解析：选A考查形容词。sick“生病”；tired“疲劳”；foolish“傻气的”；excited“兴奋的”。从“I'mbreathingthat！”可知，makesb.sick“使某人生病”，选A。13．A.onB．atC．fromD．for解析：选B考查介词。on“在”；at“在”；from“从”；for“为了”。当他爬上烟雾层往下看，说明地上的空气污染很严重。lookdownat“低头看”。选B。14．A.discussionB．questionC．pollutionD．operation解析：选C考查名词。discussion“讨论”；question“问题”；pollution“污染”；operation“操作”。通篇讲的都是空气污染，所以Thiskindofpollution指的是airpollution，选C。15．A.butB．yetC．stillD．and解析：选D考查副词。but“但是”；yet通常放在句末；still“仍然”；and“和”。and是can和should的并列，表示废物也应该被合理地解决。选D。16．A.workB．constructionC．buildingD．setting解析：选B考查名词。work“工作”；construction“建设”；building“建筑”；setting“设立”。房屋建筑、公路建设和工业发展改变创造了超过数百万年的平衡。roadconstruction“公路建设”选B。17．A.lifeB．mindC．humanbeingD．plants解析：选A考查名词。life“生活”；mind“意识”；humanbeing“人类”；plants“植物”。房屋建筑、公路建设和工业发展改变创造了超过数百万年的平衡。changethebalancesoflife“改变生活的平衡”，选A。18．A.seeB．startC．enjoyD．pay解析：选A考查动词。see“看到”；start“开始”；enjoy“享受”；pay“花费”。seeseriousstudiesdone“看到这些严肃的研究被进行”，选A。19．A.fewB．anyC．moreD．no解析：选C考查副词。few“几个”；any“一些”；more“更多”；no“没有”。根据上下文，应该是有更多的国家公园被建成，选C。20．A.situationB．statesC．soilsD．places解析：选B考查名词。situation“情况”；state“状态”；soil“土地”；place“地点”。公园的建立使我们国家最美丽的地方处于他们的自然状态下。intheirnaturalstate“处于自然的状态”，选B。Ⅳ.语法填空Worker:CustomerService,AnthonyGrantspeaking.1.________canIhelpyou?Customer:Ican'tbelievethisishappening!Icalledandordereda32­inchbaglastFriday,2.________todayIfoundthatyousenta24­inchone.IwasplanningtousethatbagduringourvacationinMexico,butitdoesn'tseempossible