初学者如何学习法语

薛建成-初学者如何学习法语（XueJiancheng-howdobeginnerslearnFrench）Shearconstanttangled,issadness,don'tbeatasteintheheart.Ittakesahundredyears.Theweatherisfineorgood,afewboatstoxiyangxiaogu.Povertyistheonlyone,andtheworldatthesametime.Peopletothinkinfrontafterthechildren.Author:XueJianchengManyyoungpeoplewanttolearnFrench,andwonderifthereisashortcut.French,likeotherlanguages,isasubject.Masteryisnoteasy.Frenchandotherlanguages,itisatoolforcommunication,soespeciallyforbeginners,thecorrectuseofFrenchisaskill,thisskillcanonlygetexerciseandimprovetherepeatedapplicationoflanguageinpractice.Thisiswhatweusuallysay,listening,speaking,readingandwritingbasicskillstraining.TolearnFrenchwell,wemustmakegooduseofthesebasiclanguageskills.1.pronunciationandintonationmustbeaccurate,tomastertherulesofspelling.LearningFrenchfirstinvolveshowtopronounceandhowtoadjust.Goodpronunciationandintonationislikewritinggoodwords,orbeingneatandwelldressed.So,don'tjustbecontenttomakeyourselfunderstood,andbehappyandevenpleasantlysurprisedwhentalkingtoyou.Therefore,thisstagecannotself-study,musthaveteacherguidance.Becausetheirpronunciationisaccuratecannotidentifythemselves,pronunciationaboutpronunciationorgansareaalsoneedstheguidanceofteachers,nottomentionsomeofthestudentswillencountervoicingpointsnotclear,[n],[l]suchasthedifficultiesinpronunciation.Undertheguidanceoftheteacher,bylisteningtotherecording,imitatethevoiceandintonation.Thespellingrulesareveryimportant.Mastertherulesandreadthemeveniftheydon'tknowthewords.What'smore,manywordsinFrenchdictionariesdonothaveinternationalphoneticsymbols.Mastertherulesofspelling,itisnaturaltodistinguishthenamesoflettersandphonemes(vowelsandconsonants).Forexample,theletters"e"canbe"[e]"indifferentsituations,orevendon'tpronounce.Theletter"Y"readsas"[igrk]".Don'tmixwiththephoneme"[y]".Themasteryofalphabeticalorderwilldeterminehowfastyouwilllookupthedictionaryinthefuture.2."keepyourhand,a"learningFrenchmustpracticeeverydaytopracticeagain.Firstofall,practiceloudly.Somestudentsareafraidofbeingembarrassed,andwhentheypractice,theydon'tmovetheirlipsverywell.Thismethodwillenableyoutosayaloudpronunciationandintonationmayhavealiasing.Inclass,youshouldpracticeloudlyandpracticeloudlyoutsidetheclassroom.Inaddition,topracticeeveryday,evenonweekends,shouldalsocomeupwithoneortwohoursoftraining,holidayscannotbecontinuedforseveraldayswithouttouching,whichisverytabooforbeginners.IntensiveFrenchteachingusuallytakesoffquickly.Adaywithoutlearning,adaywithouttraining,mayhaveanadverseeffect,andafteralongperiodoftimemaynotkeepup,itmayloseconfidence.Moreover,topracticerepeatedly,theshorttextcanberecitedbecauseoftheabilitytorecite,andthesentencesshouldbeabletoblurtout.It'sgoingtobehardwork.There'snoshortcut.3.learnFrenchby"snowball".Agoodteachingmaterialshouldembodythe"snowball"principle,andthereisnoconnectionbetweenthebooks.Theteachershould,ofcourse,combinethelanguagematerialsalreadytaughtineachnewclass.Studentsshouldconsciouslycombinewhattheyhavelearnedwithwhattheylearnwhentheyarelearning.Inotherwords,trytomovewhatyouhavelearnedintoanewsituation,repeat,expand,andapplyitinnewgrammar,vocabulary,andrhetoricaldevices.4.howtorememberwords?Somestudentssaythatthewordscannotremember,whatistheway?Firstofall,themoststupid,butitisalsothemosteffectivewayistowriteoutrote.Forexample,likeavoir,thetreoftheseirregularandcommonverb,youshouldrecitecanrecitefluentlyfrommemory.Ofcourse,inthepremiseofrotelearning,youshouldalsofindsomethingregular.Themoreyoulearntheword,themorerulesyouwillfind.Let'sgiveyouafewexamples:1)rememberwordsbywordformation:Prefixre-means"re","re",socommencer(start),------recommencer(restart),dire(say),-----redire(again).Theprefixin-,im-said"no","not","no",sopossible(possible)------impossible(impossible),capacit(capacity)------incapacit(capability).Thesuffix"-ir"usedtoconstructverbsmeans"change,change",therefore,grand(large)-----grandir(becominglarger,taller);Rouge(red)------rougir(BianHong).Suffix-ableindicatesthepossibilityattheendoftheadjective:aimer(love),-----aimable(lovely);manger(eating),-----mangeable(edible);2)aftermanyadjectiveschangeintonegativeforms,plus-ment,theybecomeadverbs:Doux----douce-----doucement(gently);ofcourse,自然地naturalnatural----------.但,阳性形容词如以元音字母结尾,则直接加-ing.you...really,真正地);(坚决地)stronglycommitted.当然,如形容词阴阳性是同一形式,也直接加-ing.fast(rapid)迅速地)(3)许多名词从阳性形式变成阴性形式也是有规律可循的,如.ifavendor-----------eur(售货员)salesasinger,asinger(歌手).theirteacher----------a)ateacher(小学教师)areader(读者------areader)5.有的同学觉得名词很难记,其实也有一些规律可循.(1)以名词词末的字母来区分其阴阳性.(a)以辅音字母结尾的名词,大多是阳性;以元音字母a,i,o,u结尾的名词大多数也是阳性lake(湖),theshow(客厅),time(时间),thefoot(脚),left(党),zero(零),opera(歌剧),fabric(布)(b)以-e结尾,且e前是元音或双辅音字母的名词大多是阴性.theyear年),rain(雨),family(家),wheel(轮子)(2)从词义上看,除了人与动物按其性别分阴阳性外,也有一些规律可循,举几个例子.(a)凡属树名、季节、月份、星期、度量衡、金属的名词大多是阳性.thepin(松树),apple(苹果树),autumn(秋季)(九月),tuesday(星期二),m(米)theg(克),iron(铁),silver(银)(b)水果名、学科名称多为阴性.apple(苹果),cherry(樱桃),chemistry(化学),grammar(语法)(3)从音上也可辨别名词的阴阳性.(a)一般说来,词末以元音(注意不是元音字母)结尾的名词大多是阳性.thefood[-](餐),thegeneralcommittee[o](办公室),thename(姓)[]therestaurant[](饭馆),jewelry(u)(首饰)(b)以辅音(不是辅音字母)结尾的名词大多是阴性名词.thechair[z](椅子),thedoor(t)(门),thetable(l)(桌子)the[-r](小时),actress[s](女演员)6.单词还可以通过同义词、反义词、同族词或同类词等方法分类归纳记忆.(1)同义词、近义词:fast=(快)a=good(漂亮的)(2)反义词:(大的)≠petit(小的)long(short长的associate(短的)(3)同族词:run'(领导),digigeantn.(领导者),director,director(经理).flower,flowerisde..t.(花)(小花),flower(开花(v.i.)adj.(正在开花的),flower(花商).(4)同类词:如famille(家),可以把下列词归纳记忆(祖父:grandpa,grandma,外祖父),祖母,外祖母),father(父亲),mother(母亲)husband,husband,wife,wife,丈夫),妻子),children(孩子),brother,sister,兄弟)(姐妹),father(岳父,丈人;继父),stepmom(婆婆,岳母;继母),son,son-in-law,daughter-in-law,女婿)in(媳妇),uncle(伯父,叔父,舅父)aunt(伯母,叔母,姨母),cousin.(堂兄弟,堂姐妹;表兄弟,表姐妹)7.许多人学过英语,这对记法语单词是一个极有利的条件.(法语与英语有不少同形同义词,近形同义词,这些单词约占基础词汇的六成.同形同义词数量不算少,占基础词汇近两成,如dialogue(对话)easy(容易的),large(宽的),sport(体育运动)近形同义词也有不少规律可循.(a)法语中的第一组动词去掉词末的-r或-.ItissynonymouswithEnglishwords:French,English,French,EnglishArriver,arrive(arrive),aider,aid(help)Changerchange(change)chanterchant(singing)Excuserexcuse(forgive)passerpasse(through)B)totheendoftheFrenchenouninEnglishintomanyy:FrenchEnglishBeautbeauty(MeiLi)Difficultdifficulty(difficulties)Inshort,learningFrenchmustbehardwork,rememb