2025版高考英语一轮总复习真题探究必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters

必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters(江苏卷)ElNiño,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”，wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997-98helpedAmerica'seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño,in1997-98，killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.1．WhatcanwelearnaboutElNiñoinParagraph1?DA．ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B．Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C．ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D．Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.解析：细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源，发生的时间、地点、现象的成因等内容。根据文中“backeastwards”和“normallyblowwestwards”等关键词可知D项正确。故选D。2．WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?CA．Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B．Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C．Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D．Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Richcountriesgainmore...”排除A项，错误点出在fall一词；B项的说法没有根据，文章中并没有做出对比；D项错在less一词，从文章第二段和第三段的说明可知，一些贫困的国家，如印度尼西亚，遭受到严重的干旱，影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为第二段中“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.”，句意为“总的来说，富裕国家得大于失。”故选C。3．ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthatA.A．moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB．governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC．victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensationD．recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.”句意为：然而根据海外研究所提供的数字，在过去的20年里，相比于灾后恢复和重建，只有12%的赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just的内涵意义是“言其少”，因此选择A项。B、C项文章没有提及，D项弄反了作者的观点。故选A。4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?DA．TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin.B．ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño.C．ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño.D．TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño.解析：作者意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象，列举了其危害性，进而引出作者写作的真实意图：厄尔尼诺现象是可预报、可预防的，因此政府部门以及有关人员应该积极行动起来做好灾害的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全，以事实细节代替写作目的。理清脉络语言能力(一)高级词块agriculturaladj.农业的recoveryn．恢复causaladj.构成原因的，因果关系的termn．术语gainv．获利(二)长难句突破ElNiño,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”，wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.分析：本句为含有两个定语从句和一个宾语从句的主从复合句。主句部分为