2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题及答案

2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题及答案

（江南博哥）

材料题

根据以下材料，回答1-20题

Today,weliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationapps

areallavailableonoursmartphones.工ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoods

withoutaphone.Butphones_2_onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwere

alize._3_yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou4can'tfindnorth,afew

tricksmayhelpyounavigate_5_tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.

Whenyoufindyourselfwell6_atrail,butnotinacompletely_7_area,youhaveto

answertwoquestions:Which_8_isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?

Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,and

onsuppliesoffreshwater.9_,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH20youfind,you

should10seesignsofpeople.

Ifyou'veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights-youmay

be11howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.

Another12:Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13.evenindense

forest,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,and

otherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.At

nightscanthehorizonfor17lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalk

towardtheglowoflightpollution.

18,assumingyou'relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19we

leaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youto

civilization.

1［单选题］第1题答案是—•

A.Some

B.Most

C.Few

D.AII

正确答案：C

参考解析：此题考查词义辨析和上下文语境。首句为主题句：今天，我们生活在

一个GPS定位系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都能在我们的智能手机中找

到的世界里。

空格所在句指出：我们中的______在没有电话的情况下直接走进树林。空格句

前谈到我们生活在一个靠智能手机指引的世界里，所以句意为在没有手机的情况

下我们很少有人走进树林。本句由without和few构成双重否定表肯定。根据

句意应填入"几乎没有人"，符合题意，故选

fewco

2偿涉函第2题答案是

A.put

B.take

C.run

D.come

正确答案：C

参考解析：此题考查固定搭配。runonbattery表示手机用电池发动，运行。其

他选项：puton"穿上，使运转"，takeon"承担,呈现"，comeon”快点,

开始"，代入文中，语义不通顺，故选

c0

3［单选题］第3题答案是—•

A.Since

B.lf

C.Though

D.Until

正确答案：B

参考解析：此题考查逻辑关系。空格所在句译文：你在没有手机和指南针的

情况下迷路,找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航—文明之地。

联系上下文，此处为假设的情况，故填入符合题意，故选

if,Bo

4偿选函第4题答案是—.

A.formally

B.relatively

C.gradually

D.literally

正确答案：D

参考解析：空格所在句译文：如果你在没有手机和指南针的情况下迷路，——

找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航文明之地。

此处literally表示"确实地，真正地"，代入原文，语义通顺，即确实找不到北

方，故选代入其他选项后，不符合原文意思，故排除。

De

5［单选题］第5题答案是—•

A.back

B.next

C.around

D.away

正确答案：A

参考解析：空格所在句译文：如果你在没有手机和指南针的情况下迷路，确实找

不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航文明之地。前文讲lost（迷路）,

此处填入back（回到）文明之地，相互呼应，故选Ao

6［单选题］第6题答案是____.

A.onto

B.off

C.across

D.along

正确答案：B

参考解析:此处考查词义辨析和词组搭配。空格所在句的译文为：当你一路径，

但不是完全—一的区域，你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域，哪条—是下

坡?哪里有最近的水源?通过后半句的问题，

能了解到前面是当你偏离轨道，迷失踪迹的时候。B项off意为"逃离，离开"

符合语义要求，故选Be

7［单选题］第7题答案是____.

A.unattractive

B.uncrowded

C.unchanged

D.unfamiliar

正确答案：D

参考解析：此处考查词义辨析。空格所在句的前一句说迷失踪迹，偏离轨道。空

格所在后半句but开头，所填入的形容词需要和前面构成逻辑转折关系，虽然偏

离轨道，但也不是完全不熟悉的路。

只有D项unfamiliar"不熟悉的"，符合题意。A项意为"不吸引人的"，B项

意为"宽敞的"，C项意为"未改变的"，均不符合题意，故排除。

8［单选题］第8题答案是—•

A.site

B.point

C.way

D.place

正确答案：C

参考解析：此处考查词义辨析。空格所在句句意：你需要回答两个问题，在这个

特殊区域，哪个—是下坡?哪里有最近的水源?空格处所填的词需要符合上下文

语境。c项意为"道路"，即哪个是下坡路?符合语义要求。

9［单选题］第9题答案是—•

A.So

B.Yet

C.Instead

0.Besides

正确答案：A

参考解析：此处考查词逻辑关系。空格所在句的前一句指出：生活在山谷的人,

基本都靠淡水为生。后面也就是空格所在句:—如果你下山，沿着水走，你—

会发现人类的迹象。

很明显空格处所填的连词和前面构成因果逻辑关系只有A项符合题意改选A。

10博进函第10题答案是_____.

A.immediately

B.intentionally

C.unexpectedly

0.eventually

正确答案：D

参考解析：此处考查词义辨析。空格所在句句意：所以如果你下山，沿着你找到

的水一直走，你__会看到人类的迹象。空格处所需的副词需要符合本句语境并

使句子通顺。

D项eventually"最后，终于"，符合语义要求，故选D。A项意为"立刻"，

B项意为"有意地"，c项意为"出乎意料地"，三个选项代入空格均不符合题

As1、。

11［单选题］第11题答案是_____.

A.surprised

B.annoyed

C.frightened

D.confused

正确答案：A

参考解析:空格所在句提到:如果你之前去过这个地方，一定要注意熟悉的景象，

你或许会____识别出一块特征明显的岩石或树木能如此快速地帮助你恢复方位

感。此句明显体现了积极褒义的感情色彩，根据这个线索，可直接选出A项为正

确答案，即"你或许会惊讶于……"

12［单选题］第12题答案是____.

A.problem

B.option

C.view

D.result

正确答案：B

参考解析：这里提到了一个关键词another,所以说明它所指代的内容在上文中

提到过，且后面有冒号解释说明：爬到高处，寻找人类居住的迹象。说明这也是

另一种方法，所以只有最合适，故选

optionBe

13［单选题］第13题答案是____.

A.Aboveall

B.lncontrast

C.Onaverage

D.Forexample

正确答案：D

参考解析：此处考查上下文逻辑。此处需要根据空格前后两句话之间的语义关系

来选择。空格前提到"另一个办法就是来寻找有人类居住的迹象"是一种大致的

方法，后面内容是具体分析，

所以用表示举例分析的最合适，故选

forexampleDo

14［单选题］第14题答案是—•

A.bridge

B.avoid

C.spot

0.separate

正确答案：C

参考解析：结合原文语境，”即使是在茂密的森林里，你也能够—林木线的缝

隙。”所以这里填上的动词需与缝隙搭配，只有spot"观察"，符合题意，故

选C。

15［单选题］第15题答案是—•

A.from

B.through

C.beyond

D.under

正确答案：B

参考解析：空格处需填入介词来和前面的动词carve及后面的名词woods构成

顺畅的语义搭配。Carvethewoods:在森林中开辟道路，B项through

用法最恰当，故选

Bo

16［单选题］第16题答案是—•

A.posts

B.links

C.shades

D.breaks

正确答案：D

参考解析：本题空格前有一个指示代词these,通过语义，气hese"指代

上文的"roads,traintracks,andotherpaths”,并有定语从句"peoplecarve

throughthewoods"修饰,从语义上看,breaks"岔路口”最合适,即朝着

这些岔路口走，找到一条出路，故选

De

17［单选题］第17题答案是____.

A.artificial

B.mysterious

C.hidden

D.limited

正确答案：A

参考解析：本题所在句子"scan...forlightsources"，与本段开头"look

forsignsofhumanhabitation"结构一致，语义相关，空格处所填的形容词和

human意思相近，

选择artificial"人造的"。除此之外，该空后所列举的两种光源的共同特点就是

artificial"人工的，人造的"，故选A。

18［单选题］第18题答案是—•

A.Finally

B.Consequently

C.Incidentally

0.Generally

正确答案：A

参考解析：本空位于段首，并由逗号隔开，所以考查上下文逻辑。空后为条件状

语从句"assumingyou",与上文构成顺接递进关系，选项中，只有finally表

顺接递进，故选

Ao

19［单选题］第19题答案是—•

A.memories

B.marks

C.notes

D.belongings

正确答案：B

参考解析：空格后的定语从句"weleaveonthelandsc叩e",由语义得知此

处应填"标记"，即假设你迷失在一个人类常去的地方，寻找我们在风景中留下

的标记，故选

Bo

20博阚第20题答案是_____.

A.restrict

B.adopt

C.lead

D.expose

正确答案：c

参考解析：本空主要考查语义搭配，所填动词需要与主语"Trailblazes,tire

tracksandotherfeatures"，宾语"you"，以及不定式"tocivilization"之

间构成完整语义，所以此处填lead"引导"最合适，即引导你回归文明之地，故

选C。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答21-25题

FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbig

banks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10

yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis

"clawback"ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestore

publictrustinfinancialinstitutions.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

morelong-termdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuilda

strongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

"Short-termism"orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytraded

companies,saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist,AndrewHaldane.Hequotesa

giantofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceas

actinglike"childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce"

ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,he

notes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transient

investors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm's

effortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeen

dubbed"quarterlycapitalism."

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,

quickeruseofinformation,andthusshorterattentionspansinfinancialmarkets.

"Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseof

long-terminvesting,"saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesand

ExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodefer

performancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelping

reduce"short-termism."InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfinds

that"asubstantialpart"ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage"long-termism,"suchaschangesinthetax

codeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhohold

ontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevoting

rightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesfor

executivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofall

stakeholders.Britain'snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestin

theirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

21摩透煞/AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenew

ruleisto.

A.enhancebankers'senseofresponsibility.

B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits.

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation.

0.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives.

正确答案：A

参考解析细节题。根据题干关键词"paragraph1"和"onemotiveinimposing

thenewrule"可定位在文章第一段第三句"Themainpurposeofthis

'clawback'ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-taking

andtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.",由此可知这个规则的

主要目的是让银行家为不良风险负责以及修复公众对金融机构的信任。对比四个

选项，只有A项enhancebanks'senseofresponsibility”增加银行的责任

感"与原文表述一致，故为正确答案。

22［单选题］NfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate.

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits.

B.governments'impatienceindecision-making.

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies.

D."short-termism"ineconomicactivities.

正确答案：D

参考解析：根据题干中的AlfredMarshall可定位在文章第二段最后一句”…

AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike...”,

其中的"thisfinancialimpatience"指上文提到的"short-termism",也就

是AlfredMarshall描述"短期主义”的行为就像……,由此可知，D项

"short-termism"ineconomicactivities”经济活动中的‘短期主义"'为正

确答案。其他选项在原文均未提及，故排除。

23［单选题isarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmenton

publiccompaniescanbe.

A.indirect.

B.adverse.

C.minimal.

0.temporary.

正确答案：B

参考解析：由题干中的关键词"transientinvestment"定位到文章第三段第二

句"Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfrom

companies,canhinderafirm7seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchor

tobuildupcustomerloyalty.",由此可知，短期投资会对公司的长期规划

设阻，并影响客户的忠诚度。B项adverse"不利的"对应原文"hinder",故

为正确选项。ACD项在原文并未提及，故排除。

24［单选题］'heUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrate.

A.theobstaclestopreventing"short-termism".

B.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking.

C.theapproachestopromoting"long-termisin".

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.

正确答案：C

参考解析：根据题干定位到文章第五、第六段，第五段为美国的例子，主要讲述

美国延迟发放才上任一年左右的高管绩效津贴，继而促进缓解"短期主义"盛行

的现状。第六段为法国的例子，主要讲述法国持股两年以上者拥有更多的选票权。

第六段首句承前启后讲到"Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage'long

termism'",即促进"长期主义”还有很多做法。Clotheapproachesto

promotinglong-termism"促进’长期主义’的方法"，与原文一致，故为正

确答案。

25［单选题］\Nh\chofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

0.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

正确答案：B

参考解析：主旨大意题。综观全文，文章围绕西方国家的金融企业的"短期主义"

投资和"长期主义”投资展开。第一段由金融管理者制订一项限制高管津贴措施

引出全文中心话题，促进金融投资的"长期主义"规划；第二段介绍了目前英国

银行高管中"短期主义"投资愈发盛行；第三段指出"短期主义"投资的弊端；

第四段主要介绍美国现阶段仍然通过技术手段使得"短期主义"投资愈发盛行；

第五、第六段点明美法两国为促进"短期主义"投资所采取的措施；文章尾段再

次呼应首段，点明英国新政提醒银行家们注重"长期主义"投资。B项Patience

对应文章中反复出现的short-termism和long.termism,Corporate本身在

文章就多次出现，所以为最佳标题。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答26-30题

Gradeinflation—thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs(grade-pointaverages)over

thepastfewdecades—isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhigher

education,inwhichstudentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.But

another,relatedforce—apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalled"grade

forgiveness"-ishelpingraiseGPAs.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalow

grade,andthemostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsin

calculatingastudent'soverallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascolleges

continuetodotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool(andpayingtuition)and

improvetheirgraduationrates.Whenthispracticefirststarteddecadesago,itwas

usuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirst

yeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelcourses.Butnowmost

colleges,saveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,andeven

graduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthe

gradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheir

degreeprogramandgraduationwithoutincurringabigpenalty."Ultimately,"saidJack

Mine,OhioStateUniversity'sregistrar,"weseestudentsachievemoresuccess

becausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterinsubsequentcoursesormasterthe

contentthatallowsthemtograduateontime."

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescolleges'ownneedsas

well.Forpublicinstitutions'statefundsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccesson

metricssuchasgraduationratesandstudentretention—sobettergradescan,by

boostingfigureslikethose,meanmoremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswill

likelymakestudents—who,attheendofthedayarepayingthebill-feelthey've

gottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbigconcernfor

colleges.

Indeed,gradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingto

consumers'expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpecta

collegedegreetoleadtoajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnout

graduateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible—oratleastappeartobe.Onthis,

students'andcolleges'incentivesseemtobealigned.

26［单选题/WbdXiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B.Students'indifferencetoGPAs.

C.Colleges'neglectofGPAs.

D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.

正确答案：D

参考解析：根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段第一句，句子主干"Grade

inflation...isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhigher

education..."可知高校分数膨胀问题通常被认为是消费者至上时代的产物。选

项Theinfluenceofconsumerculture”消费者至上文化的影响"正是该句原

因的同义表达，故选D。

27［单选题/Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness?

A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.

B.Tomaintaincolleges'graduationrates.

C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D.Toincreaseuniversities'incomefromtuition.

正确答案：A

参考解析：根据题干要求定位到文章第三段第二句。该句中的thispractice对应

题干中的gradeforgiveness,firststarted对应题干中的original,而以不定

式短语”…togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyearif

theystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelcourses为目的，即..

给他们第二次机会去上课,对应题干中的purpose，故正确答案为A项Tohelp

freshmenadapttocollegelearning”帮助大一新生适应大学学习"。

28AccordingtoParagraph5,gradeforgivenessenablescolleges

to.

A.obtainmorefinancialsupport.

B.boosttheirstudentenrollments.

C.improvetheirteachingquality.

D.meetlocalgovernments'needs.

正确答案：A

参考解析：根据题干关键词可定位到文章第五段第一句。通过第一句话可以看出

"gradeforgiveness"满足了大学自己的需要，而具体的需要在第二句体现。

因此，本题真正的答案出于第二句"Forpublicinstitutions1statefundsare

sometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchasgraduation

ratesandstudentretention-----sobettergradescan,byboostingfigures

likethose,meanmoremoney.",即对于大学来讲，国家的基金有时候是跟

一些因素有关的。比如，毕业率和学生在学率，因此好的分数意味着钱。由此可

知"gradeforgiveness"使大学能够获得更多的国家的基金，这与A项obtain

morefinancialsupport”获得更多的经济支持"匹配，故选A。

29［单选题/\Nhatdoesthephrase"tobealigned"(Para.6)mostprobably

mean?

A.Tocounterbalanceeachother.

B.Tocomplementeachother.

C.Tobeidenticalwitheachother.

D.Tobecontradictorytoeachother.

正确答案：C

参考解析：根据题目定位到文章第六段最后一句"Onthis,students1and

colleges1incentivesseemtobealigned.",解决本题的关键是this指代

的内容,根据上文“Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreeto

leadtoajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnoutgraduates

whoareasqualifiedaspossible—oratleastappeartobe.”可知由于学

生和家长都希望通过大学学历找工作，因此符合学校最佳利益的便是尽可能地证

明学生的能力一一或者说至少看起来如此，即学生和学校有着共同的利益目标,

所以正确答案选

c0

30［单选题］'heauthorexaminesthepracticeofgradeforgiveness

by.

A.assessingitsfeasibility.

B.analyzingthecausesbehindit.

C.comparingdifferentviewsonit..

D.listingitslong-runeffects.

正确答案：B

参考解析：由题干可知，表面上问作者通过什么论述方式来探讨grade

forgiveness的实践操作，实际是考全文的主旨写作手法，方法即是串读每段段

落的大意句，把握作者的论述角度。文章的每段都突出了gradeforgiveness能

够满足大学自身的需求，这也是分析了gradeforgiveness的原因。因此，该题

答案是项

Banalyzingthecausesbehindit0

材料题

根据以下材料，回答31-35题

ThisyearmarksexactlytwocenturiessincethepublicationofFrankenstein;or,The

ModernPrometheus,byMaryShelley.Evenbeforetheinventionoftheelectriclight

bulb,theauthorproducedaremarkableworkofspeculativefictionthatwould

foreshadowmanyethicalquestionstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome.

Todaytherapidgrowthofartificialintelligence(Al)raisesfundamental

questions:"Whatisintelligence,identity,orconsciousness?Whatmakeshumans

humans?"

Whatisbeingcalledartificialgeneralintelligence,machinesthatwouldimitatethe

wayhumansthink,continuestoevadescientists.Yethumansremainfascinatedbythe

ideaofrobotsthatwouldlook,move,andrespondlikehumans,similartothose

recentlydepictedonpopularsci-fiTVseriessuchas"Westworld"and"Humans."

Justhowpeoplethinkisstillfartoocomplextobeunderstood,letalone

reproduced,saysDavidEagleman,aStanfordUniversityneuroscientist."Wearejustin

asituationwheretherearenogoodtheoriesexplainingwhatconsciousnessactually

isandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachinetogetthere."

Butthatdoesn'tmeancrucialethicalissuesinvolvingAlaren'tathand.Thecoming

useofautonomousvehicles,forexample,posesthornyethicalquestions.Human

driverssometimesmustmakesplit-seconddecisions.Theirreactionsmaybea

complexcombinationofinstantreflexes,inputfrompastdrivingexperiences,and

whattheireyesandearstelltheminthatmoment.AI"vision"todayisnotnearlyas

sophisticatedasthatofhumans.Andtoanticipateeveryimaginabledrivingsituation

isadifficultprogrammingproblem.

Wheneverdecisionsarebasedonmassesofdata,"youquicklygetintoalotofethical

questions,"notesTanKiatHow,chiefexecutiveofaSingapore-basedagencythatis

helpingthegovernmentdevelopavoluntarycodefortheethicaluseofAl.

AlongwithSingapore,othergovernmentsandmega-corporationsarebeginningto

establishtheirownguidelines.Britainissettingupadataethicscenter.lndiareleased

itsAlethicsstrategythisspring.

OnJune7Googlepledgednotto"designordeployAl"thatwouldcause"overall

harm,"ortodevelopAl-directedweaponsoruseAlforsurveillancethatwouldviolate

internationalnorms.ltalsopledgednottodeployAlwhoseusewouldviolate

internationallawsorhumanrights.

Whilethestatementisvague,itrepresentsonestartingpoint.Sodoestheideathat

decisionsmadebyAlsystemsshouldbeexplainable,transparent,andfair.

Toputitanotherway:Howcanwemakesurethatthethinkingofintelligentmachines

reflectshumanity'shighestvalues?Onlythenwilltheybeusefulservantsandnot

Frankenstein'sout-of-controlmonster.

31［单选题］MaryShelley'snovelFrankensteinismentionedbecause

it.

A.fascinatesAlscientistsallovertheworld.

B.hasremainedpopularforaslongas200years.

C.involvessomeconcernsraisedbyAltoday.

D.hassparkedseriousethicalcontroversies.

正确答案：C

参考解析：根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段最后一句话"Evenbeforethe

inventionoftheelectriclightbulb,theauthorproducedaremarkable

workofspeculativefictionthatwouldforeshadowmanyethical

questionstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome.",即甚至在电灯发

明之前，作者创作了这部举世瞩目的推测性小说，这部小说预示了很多即将到来

的技术所带来的很多道德伦理方面的问题。由此可知C项"涉及了一些今天AI

人工智能带来的担忧"为正确答案，其中，involves对应foreshadow,some

对应其余选项在原文均无依据，故排除。

concernsmanyethicalquestionso

32［单选题八nDavidEagleman'sopinion,ourcurrentknowledgeof

consciousness.

A.helpsexplainartificialintelligence.

B.canbemisleadingtorobotmaking.

C.inspirespopularsci-fiTVseries.

D.istoolimitedforustoreproduceit.

正确答案：D

参考解析：细节题。根据题干信息DavidEagleman找到定位点第四段第二句

"'Wearejustinasituationwheretherearenogoodtheoriesexplaining

whatconsciousnessactuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachine

togetthere."',即我们仍然处在没有确凿的理论解释"意识"是什么，而

且也不能发明机器实现这一点。从这句话就能选择D项istoolimitedforUSto

reproduceit"对于我们来说我们能力太有限以致于不能去复制它"。

33［单选题］'hesolutiontotheethicalissuesbroughtbyautonomous

vehicles.

A.canhardlyeverbefound.

B.isstillbeyondourcapacity.

C.causeslittlepublicconcern.

D.hasarousedmuchcuriosity.

正确答案：B

参考解析：根据题干可定位到文章第五段第二句。该句出现forexample,可知

autonomousvehicle是具体例子。文中的例子是为了证明论点，应往前看，即

证明第一句的观点：涉及人工智能的伦理问题在我们身边，说明问题依然存在。

B项与题干结合，含义为：找出由自动驾驶车带来的人工智能伦理问题的解决方

法超出了我们的能力，与文章含义一致。A项过于绝对，CD项原文未提及，故

选B。

34［单选题］'heauthor'sattitudetowardGoogle'spledgesisoneof.

A.affirmation.

B.skepticism.

C.contempt.

D.respect.

正确答案：A

参考解析：根据题干可定位到文章第七、第八段。但第七段都是在讲Google's

pledge,继续看第八段,开头while,表转折,whilethestatementisvague,

与vague意思相反的即是作者的观点。

vague"模糊的、暧昧的"，是负向情感的词语，相反方向应是正向情感。BC

项都是负向情感，项虽是正向情感，但程度太深，所以选

DAo

35［单选题］\Nh\chofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AI'sFuture:IntheHandsofTechGiants

B.Frankenstein,theNovelPredictingtheAgeofAl

C.TheConscienceofAl:ComplexButInevitable

D.AIShallBeKillersOnceOutofControl

正确答案：C

参考解析：本文首段通过引用MaryShelley的书引出本文要探讨的话题，即新

技术所引发的道德问题。第二段更是明确指出AI引起了一些问题。第三段和第

四段是对第二段的详细论述，表明我们并不能确定智能化的程度，以及因为所处

环境的复杂无法定义人类自我意识。而在第五段转折之后明确指出AI所涉及的

道德问题已经触手可及了。全篇复现了AI和conscience这两个关键词，因此正

确答案为C项"人工智能的道德问题：复杂但是不可避免"。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答36-40题

Stateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonline

purchasesunderaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythatwillleaveshopperswith

lighterwalletsbutisabigfinancialwinforstates.

TheSupremeCourt'sopinionThursdayoverruledapairofdecades-olddecisionsthat

statessaidcostthembillionsofdollarsinlostrevenueannually.Thedecisionsmadeit

moredifficultforstatestocollectsalestaxoncertainonlinepurchases.

Thecasesthecourtoverturnedsaidthatifabusinesswasshippingacustomer's

purchasetoastatewherethebusinessdidn'thaveaphysicalpresencesuchasa

warehouseoroffice,thebusinessdidn'thavetocollectsalestaxforthestate.

Customersweregenerallyresponsibleforpayingthesalestaxtothestatethemselves

iftheyweren'tchargedit,butmostdidn'trealizetheyoweditandfewpaid.

JusticeAnthonyKennedywrotethatthepreviousdecisionswereflawed."Eachyear

thephysicalpresencerulebecomesfurtherremovedfromeconomicrealityand

resultsinsignificantrevenuelossestothestates,"hewroteinanopinionjoinedby

fourotherjustices.Kennedywrotethattherule"limitedstates'abilitytoseek

long-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonan

evenplayingfield."

Therulingisavictoryforbigchainswithapresenceinmanystates,sincetheyusually

collectsalestaxononlinepurchasesalready.Now,rivalswillbechargingsalestax

wheretheyhadn'tbefore.Bigchainshavebeencollectingsalestaxnationwide

becausetheytypicallyhavephysicalstoresinwhateverstateapurchaseisbeing

shippedto.A,withitsnetworkofwarehouses,alsocollectssalestaxin

everystatethatchargesit,thoughthird-partysellerswhousethesitedon'thaveto.

Untilnow,manysellersthathaveaphysicalpresenceinonlyasinglestateorafew

stateshavebeenabletoavoidchargingsalestaxeswhentheyshiptoaddresses

outsidethosestates.SellersthatuseeBayandEtsy,whichprovideplatformsfor

smallersellers,alsohaven'tbeencollectingsalestaxnationwide.Undertheruling

Thursday,statescanpasslawsrequiringout-of-statesellerstocollectthestate'ssales

taxfromcustomersandsendittothestate.

Retailtradegroupspraisedtheruling,sayingitlevelstheplayingfieldforlocaland

onlinebusinesses.Thelosers,saidretailanalystNeilSaunders,areonline-only

retailers,especiallysmallerones.Thoseretailersmayfaceheadachescomplyingwith

variousstatesalestaxlaws.TheSmallBusinessandEntrepreneurshipCouncil

advocacygroupsaidinastatement,"Smallbusinessesandinternetentrepreneursare

notwellservedatallbythisdecision."

36［单选题/'heSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaywill.

A.betterbusinesses'revolutionswithstates.

B.putmostonlinebusinessesinadilemma.

C.makemoreonlineshopperspaysalestax.

D.forcesomestatestocutsalestax.

正确答案：C

参考解析：根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段第一句"Stateswillbeableto

forcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonlinepurchases

underaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythatwillleaveshopperswith

lighterwalletsbutisabigfinancialwinforstates.",由此可知最高法院

的裁决可能让州政府去强制消费者在网上购物时要上交销售税，直接得出c项

makemoreonlineshopperspaysalestax”让更多的在线购物者支付销售税"。

37［单选题canbel