2023-2024学年北京二中教育集团八年级(下)期中英语试卷(含解析)_第1页
2023-2024学年北京二中教育集团八年级(下)期中英语试卷(含解析)_第2页
2023-2024学年北京二中教育集团八年级(下)期中英语试卷(含解析)_第3页
2023-2024学年北京二中教育集团八年级(下)期中英语试卷(含解析)_第4页
2023-2024学年北京二中教育集团八年级(下)期中英语试卷(含解析)_第5页
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2023-2024学年北京二中教育集团八年级(下)期中英语试卷一、单项选择(共6分,每小题0.5分)1.(0.5分)Themusic____________reallynice.Iwanttolistentoitagain.()A.hears B.sounds C.listens D.watches2.(0.5分)TreePlantingDayisMarch12theveryyear.()A.at B.in C.to D.on3.(0.5分)Iamsoexcited____________goingtoXinjiangthisMay.()A.into B.in C.for D.about4.(0.5分)Iknowit's____________toworkouttheproblem,butIwilltry____________onit.()A.hard;hardly B.hardly;hard C.hardly;hardly D.hard;hard5.(0.5分)—HaveyoueverbeentoShenzhen____________?—Yes.Iwenttheretwoweeks____________.Itisamoderncity.()A.yet;before B.just;ago C.yet;ago D.before;before6.(0.5分)TheiceandsnowinHarbinisbeautiful,soeverywinter____________touristscomehere.()A.fivemillionof B.millionsof C.millionof D.fivemillions7.(0.5分)It______alotinsummerinBeijing.Itisoftenrainy.()A.rain B.rainy C.israining D.rains8.(0.5分)﹣Wehavelivedinthiscity___1980.﹣Soyouhavelivedhere____over30years.()A.in;for B.for;since C.in;since D.since;for9.(0.5分)—Tom,whyareyouplayingcomputergamesagain?—I____________myhomework.()A.finish B.finishing C.finished D.havefinished10.(0.5分)Shecouldn'thelp________whensheheardthebadnews.()A.cry B.tocry C.cried D.crying11.(0.5分)Jasonisgoodatrunning.Herun100metersin11seconds.()A.must B.should C.need D.can12.(0.5分)﹣MayIspeaktoTom?﹣Sorry,he_______America.Buthe_______intwodays.()A.hasbeento;willcomeback B.hasgoneto;willcomeback C.hasgoneto;cameback D.hasbeento;cameback二、完形填空(共8分,每小题8分)阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。13.(8分)RomainRollandoncesaid,"Thereisonlyonekindofheroismintheworld,andthatistostilllovelifeafterrecognizingthetruthoflife."CaiLei,apatientwithALS(渐冻症),perfectly(1)thissentence.CaiLeiwasoncethevicepresidentofJingdongGroup,witha(2)jobandahappyfamily.Butwhowouldhavethoughtthatattheageof41,hewasdiagnosed(诊断)withALSandcouldonlywatchhisbody"frozen"untilhecouldnotbreathe.Theillnessgavehimafatal(致命的)woundbuthedidn'twanttobowtoit.Hebegantothinkabout(3)hecoulddoforthepeoplewithALSintheremainingdays.Aftermuchthought,CaiLei(4)anidea:hewantstoproducemedicinethatisgoodforthetreatmentofALS.WhenCaiLeitoldothersaboutthisidea,everyonethoughthewas(5).Youknowmedicinedevelopmenttakesatleast10years.(6),theperiodfromdiagnosistodeathofpatientswithALSisnomorethan5years.Allowingpatientsatthemomenttousemedicineisimpossible.What'sworse,manypeopleinsocietystillmisunderstandhim.Thatmisunderstandingislikea(7),burningCaiLei'sheart.Althoughheisheartbroken,heneversaysanythingforhimself.Hedevoteshimselftotheresearchanddevelopmentofthe(8).Hebelieves:"Evenifwecan'tusethismedicine,weshouldletourfuturegenerationsuseit."(1)A.explainedB.testedC.noticedD.taught(2)A.badB.poorC.goodD.sad(3)A.whatB.howC.whereD.which(4)A.worriedaboutB.cameupwithC.madeupD.heardof(5)A.excitedB.satisfiedC.crazyD.brave(6)A.EspeciallyB.SuddenlyC.LuckilyD.However(7)A.hopeB.noiseC.lessonD.fire(8)A.waysB.inventionsC.medicineD.lives三、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共24分,每小题6分)14.(6分)Herearesomepicturebooks.ARoomforEveryoneWriter:NaazKhanMoreandmorepeoplegetonthebusonthewaytotheprettybeach.Itseemstherecan'tberoom,but"aftersomemovingaroundandfun,theymakeenoughroomforeveryone."Thisisabookyouwillbehappytoreadagainandagainbecauseitisfullofhappinessandenergy.BGladystheMagicChickenWriter:AdamRubinItcanhelpyoushareabiglaughwithyourfamily.Setinancienttimes,thestorycentersaroundachickennamedGladys.With48pages,thisbookislongerthanusualpicturebooks,andthatmakesitlookmorespecialandamazing.CABoyNamedIsamuWriter:JamesYangThewritertellsthestoryinthesecondpersonanditseemsthebookistalkingtoyou.Youcanjointhemaincharacterinanadventureanduseyourimaginationtoexplorebeingaloneandbeingcreative.Thisbookmighthelpeveryoneunderstandhowonemightbe"alonebutnotlonely".DTheVeryHungryCaterpillarWriter:EricCarleJoininacolorfuladventurewithahungrycaterpillarasitmunchesthroughdifferentfoods.Withbrightpicturesandcleverpages,thisstoryteachescounting,daysoftheweek,andthebutterflieslifecycle.EricCarle'stimelessstoryhasattractedchildrenforgenerations,makingitamust﹣readforeverylittleone.For21﹣23,matcheachonewiththechoices(A﹣D).Thereisoneyoudonotneed.(1)JackIaminterestedininsects.Iwanttolearnaboutthelifeofbutterfliesthroughapicturebook.(2)AmyIwanttoreadapicturebookwhichiswritteninthesecondpersonandfullofimagination.(3)KevinIwanttoreadaninterestingpicturebookwithananimalasthemaincharacter.AndIhopeit'slongerthanusualpicturebooks.15.(6分)TheMogaoCavesareaveryspecialplaceinChina,whicharelocatedinDunhuang,GansuProvince.TheMogaoCavesarethousandsofyearsoldandwerelistedasaworldheritage.(遗产)sitebyUNESCOin1987.Manypeople,includingarchaeologists(考古学家)andresearchers,workhardtotakecareoftheMogaoCavesandlearnmoreaboutthem.FanJinshiisoneofthem.FanwasborninBeijingonJuly9,1938.HerfatherwasagraduateofTsinghuaUniversityandhadastronginterestinChineseclassicalartandculture.Influencedbyherfather,Fanlikedvisitingmuseumswhenshewasinmiddleschool.WiththegreatloveofChineseculture,shestudiedinthearchaeologydepartmentinPekingUniversityandgraduatedin1963.ThenshestartedworkingatDunhuangandhasworkedthereeversince.Shespendsalmost60yearstakingcareofDunhuang.Peoplecallherthe"DaughterofDunhuang"OnMay4,2023,"DaughterofDunhuang"FanJinshireturnedtoPekingUniversityandbroughtback10millionRMBdonationstosetuptheFanJinshiEducationFund(基金)tosupporttheresearchofDunhuangstudiesatPekingUniversity."Moneymadeshouldbespentintherightway.Peoplecannotonlythinkofthemselves,"shesaid."HopefullythesettingoftheFundcanhelpDunhuangstudiesattheuniversity,soitcanmakepeopleknowmoreaboutDunhuangandraiseculturalconfidenceofthenation."(1)HowlonghasFanJinshiworkedatDunhuang?A.Foralmostfortyyears.B.Forabouteightyyears.C.Foralmostsixtyyears.D.Foroverseventyyears.(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inParagraph2referto?A.Archaeologists.B.TheMogaoCaves.C.Researchers.D.Worldheritagesites.(3)WhichisNOTthepurposeofsettingupFanJinshiEducationFund?A.TosupporttheresearchofDunhuangatPekingUniversity.B.Tohelppeoplenottothinkofthemselves.C.TomakepeopleknowmoreaboutDunhuang.D.Toraiseculturalconfidenceofthenation.16.(6分)Talkingtoyourselfisn'tjustforhumans—it'sforrobotstoo.Italianresearchershavedevelopedarobotthatcanspeaktoitself,whichenablesuserstohearitsthoughtprocess(过程)andknowhowtherobotmakesdecisions."Ifyouwereabletohearwhattherobotsarethinking,therobotsmightbemoretrustworthy(可信赖的),"oneoftheresearchersAntonioChellasays."Therobotswillbeeasiertounderstandforpeoplewhoaren'tengineers.Inotherwords,wecancommunicateandworkwiththerobotsbetter."Peopletalktothemselveswhenlookingforclarityandmoral.(清晰的思维及道德方面的)guidance,andithelpsinthedecision﹣makingprocess.Theresearcherssetouttoseehowthiscouldinfluencerobots,sotheydevelopedonecalledPepper,andtheytrainedittosetatable.Theythengaveittheabilitytosay,insimpleEnglish,whatitwas"thinking"whencompletingajob.Afterstudyingtherobot,theresearchersfoundthatPepperwasbetteratsolvingdilemmas(进退两难的困境)whentalkingtoitself.OneexperimentsawauseraskPeppertobreaktablesettingrulesbyputtingaforkinthewrongplace,whichledtotherobotaskingitselfseveralself﹣directedquestions.Itthendecidedthattheusermightbewrong,soitmadesuretheuserdidn'tgivethewrongorderbeforeitwentontalkingtoitself:"Emm,thissituationisdifficulttome.Iwouldneverbreaktherules,butIcan'tmakehimunhappyeither,soI'mdoingwhathewants,"Peppersaidwhileputtingtheforkinthewrongplace.TheusercanunderstandPepper'sthoughtsasitusesitsinnervoicetosolveadilemma,whichtheresearcherssaycouldleadtohuman﹣robottrust.ComparingPepper'sperformancewithandwithoutinnerspeech,Chelladiscoveredthattherobotworkedfasterwithinnerspeech,whichmeanswhenitwastalkingtoitself."Peoplewereverysurprisedbytherobot'sability,"Chellasays."Theresearchmakestherobotdifferentfromothermachinesbecauseithastheabilitytoreason,tothink.Innerspeechcouldbeusefulinallthesituationswherewetrustthecomputerorarobotforevaluation(评价)ofasituation."Althoughhearingtheinnervoiceofrobotsenrichesthehuman﹣robotinteraction(互动的),somepeoplemightfinditinefficientbecausetherobotspendsmoretimecompletingjobswhenittalkstoitself.Therobot'sinnerspeechisalsojusttheknowledgethatresearchersgaveit.Still,Chellasaystheirresearchlaysthegroundworkformoreresearchintohowself﹣dialoguecanhelprobotspayattention,planandlearn.(1)Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?A.Innerspeechhelpstherobotfinishtasksbetter.B.Theresearchcanhelppeopleunderstandrobots'actions.C.TheItalianresearcherscreatedanewlanguageforrobots.D.Therobothelpedstudypeople'sdecision﹣makingprocess.(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"inefficient"mean?A.Notinteresting.B.Notimportant.C.Notright.D.Notgood.(3)Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Robots:LearntoLearnB.Robots:ThinkOutLoudC.Robots:MakeBetterSpeechesD.Robots:AlwaysTrustHumans17.(6分)Participationtrophies(参与奖)appearedinchildren'ssportscompetitionsaboutacenturyago.Theyhavebeenusedtoencourageandrewardchildrenforparticipatingınfunandhealthyactivities.Thetrophiesrecognizestudents'attendance(到场)andeffortratherthantheirabilityandthecompetitionresults.Sincethe1990s,though,therehasbeenanincreasinglystrongvoicethatparticipationtrophiesaremakingthekids"soft".Theyruinkids'competitivespiritandmakechildrentoolazytoworkhardtogetthingstheywant.Thethinkingoftengoes,"Everykidwillthinktheyarewinners,sotheywillalwaysfeelthattheyareborntowin,eveniftheydon'tdeserve(值得)towin."However,thisideaisworthyofmuchmorethinking.Doesanyonereallythinkthatkidsarefooledintothinkingtheirparticipationtrophyisagoldmedal?Kidsarealwayssmarterthanthatandalwaysmoreawareoftheirsocialsurroundings.Theyknowthataparticipationtrophyjustsaysitwasgoodforthemtobeherehavingfun.Itdoesn'tsayeveryonewinsthefirstplace.Kidsarelearningabouttheirabilitiesandstrengthseveryday.Theideathatparticipationtrophieskeepkidsfromexperiencingthe"realworld"is,inmyview,one﹣sided,Participationtrophiesrecognizethatkids'skillsetsarewildlydifferentandthatweputkidsinorganizedsportsatyoungageswhentheirskillsarestillverymuchindevelopment.Participationtrophiescelebrateeverykidforbeingapartoftheteamortheactivity,insteadoftheirskilllevels.Anddifferentfromtheideathatparticipationtrophieskeepkidsfromtryinghardthings,myopinionistheexactopposite.Theysendamessagethatthere'sgreatvalueintryingsomethingthatyoudon'tloveorthatyoumaynotsucceedin.Encouragingkidstotryandfailatthingsisthekeytobuildingtheirconfidencebyteachingthemthatfailingisnecessaryforgrowthandlearning.Thesetrophiesareadropinthebucket(桶)fornow,buttheireffectsmaybeseenafterthekidsstepintothegrown﹣upworld.Askidsgetolder,theirstrengthsandinterestsdevelopmoreclearly.Atthattime,theywilljoininmorecompetitiveactivitiesintheirprofessionalfields,andtheywillknowtheworldof,yinningandlosing.Participationtrophiesareprotectiveofchildren'smentalhealth,bygivingthemsoftplacestolandintherockyjourneyofchildhood.Kidsneedkindnessfromtheadultsintheirlives.Theyneedtoknowthattheyhaveinherent(与生俱来的)valueandworthnomatterwhattheyachieveorproduce.Thisviewkeepschildren'sphysicalandmentalwell﹣beingfrontandcenterrightfromthestart,whichcouldn'tbemoreimportantifwearetoraisementallyhealthychildren.(1)Accordingtothepassage,theparticipationtrophieshavebeenusedto.A.celebratekids'abilityandtheircompetitionresultsB.educatekidsthateveryonedeservestobeawinnerC.encouragekidstoworkhardtogetthingstheywantD.rewardkidsforjoiningthefunandhealthyactivities(2)Thewriterwouldprobablyagreethat.A.participationtrophiesrecognizethatkidsarebornwithvalueB.kidshavingparticipationtrophiesbelievethattheyarewinnersC.kidshavingparticipationtrophieswillbecomementallyhealthyD.participation:trophiesstopkidsfromexperiencingtherealworld(3)What'sthepassagemainlytalkingabout?A.ThepowerofparticipationtrophiesB.ThepressureofparticipationtrophiesC.TheenjoymentofparticipationtrophiesD.Thedevelopmentofparticipationtrophies四、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。(共8分)18.(8分)TraditionalChinesetoysarepartofthetraditionalChineseculture.TheymakethefolkgamesandsportsactivitiesofChinarichandcolorful.HereisatraditionalChinesetoymanychildrenliketoplay—Chineseshuttlecocks(jianzi).Shuttlecockskickinghasahistoryofmorethan2000yearsinChina.SincetheHanDynasty,peoplehavebeenplayingshuttlecockkicking.Evennow,shuttlecockkickingisstilloneofthemostpopularoutdooractivities,notonlywiththechildren,butalsowiththeold.Shuttlecockkickingcanbeplayedbyoneoracircleofpeople.Fiveorsixpersonsmayformasmallcircle,kickingashuttlecock.Therearealsopeoplewholikeplayingalone.Evenwhenyouplaybyyourself,youcanoftenattractotherpeopleandmakethemwanttocomearoundandwatchyouplay.Makingashuttlecockisquiteeasy.Youjustneedtofindtwoorthreecoinswithholes,putseveralfeathersinthehole,andthensewdownthefeatherstothecoinwithclothesstrips.Theruleofshuttlecockkickingisalsosimple:keepingtheshuttlecockintheairbyusinganypartofyourbodyexceptyourhands.(1)HowlonghaveChinesepeoplebeenplayingshuttlecock?(2)Whomisshuttlecockkickingpopularwith?(3)Whatistheruleofshuttlecockkicking?(4)Whatdoyouthinkofshuttlecockkicking?Whydoyouthinkso?五、根据中文意思和提示词完成下列句子。(每小题1分,共4分)19.(1分)我妈妈上周感冒了。(catchacold)20.(1分)你去过北京动物园吗?(BeijingZoo)21.(1分)我来到这个学校两年了。(about2years)22.(1分)我发现坚持运动很难。(find)六、文段表达(10分)23.(10分)请根据中文和英文提示,完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。友谊在我们的成长中至关重要,我们每个人都需要朋友。假如你是李华,请你写一篇英文演讲稿,内容包括:你的朋友是什么样的人,你们如何成为好朋友的,以及从他/她身上学到了什么。提示词语:nice,kind,help,share,care提示问题:Whatisyourbestfriendlike?Howdidyoubecomefriends?Whathaveyoulearntfromhim/her?MybestfriendGoodmorning,everyone!I'mLiHua._____

2023-2024学年北京二中教育集团八年级(下)期中英语试卷参考答案与试题解析一、单项选择(共6分,每小题0.5分)1.【分析】这首音乐听起来很好听。我想再听一遍。【解答】hears听见;sounds听起来,是连系动词,后跟形容词;listens听;watches看。根据Iwanttolistentoitagain.(我想再听一遍。)可知,此处是说"这首音乐听起来很好听。"nice(好的)是形容词,放在连系动词后面。故选:B。【点评】考查动词,应牢记其含义和用法,结合语境答题。2.【分析】植树节在每年的3月12日。【解答】at用于具体的时刻前面;in用在年、月、上下午的前面;to朝向;on用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午,下午或晚上。根据March12th"3月12日"可知,在具体某一天用介词on。故选:D。【点评】介词这个知识点很广泛,有一些固定用法,需要日常积累,结合语境选择正确介词完成习题。3.【分析】今年五月我很兴奋能去新疆【解答】into进入;in在……里;for为了;about有关。根据句意:今年五月我很兴奋能去新疆。故选:D。【点评】熟悉固定搭配,根据所给选项解答即可。4.【分析】我知道解出这道题很难,但我会努力去做的。【解答】hard作副词指"努力地,困难地",也可作形容词,意为"困难的,坚硬的";hardly:副词,几乎不。第一空作is的表语,指"解出这道题很难",用形容词hard;第二空用副词修饰动词try,指"努力去做",也用hard。故选:D。【点评】要求学生熟练掌握常用单词的意思和用法,结合句意,选择正确答案。5.【分析】—你曾经去过深圳吗?—是的。我两周以前去那里了。它是一个现代城市。【解答】yet还,用于否定句和疑问句;just只是;before在以前;ago以前,常用于一段时间+ago。根据HaveyoueverbeentoShenzhen…?(你曾经去过深圳吗?)是疑问句可知,第一空用yet。根据twoweeks(两周)是一段时间可知,第二空用ago。故选:C。【点评】考查副词,应牢记其含义和用法,结合语境答题。6.【分析】哈尔滨的冰雪很美,因此每年冬季几百万游客来这里。【解答】five五;million百万。当million与数词连用时,表示一个具体的数目,million不用复数;当million与"of+复数名词"连用时,表示一个多而不具体的数字,要用millions,分析选项可知正确答案是B。故选:B。【点评】本题考查数词的用法。7.【分析】北京夏天雨很多。经常下雨。【解答】根据句意和语境可知,此处表达"下雨"的英语,本句应该使用一般现在时。主语It,为单数第三人称,rain"下雨",其第三人称单数形式为rains。A.rain下雨(动词原形);B.rainy多雨的(形容词);C.israining正在下雨(选择进行时);D.rains下雨(动词单数第三人称)。故选:D。【点评】根据句意和语境,注意谓语动词应该在人称,数,时态上与主语保持一致。8.【分析】﹣﹣自从1980年以来,我们一直住在这个城市.﹣﹣所以你在这里住了超过30年.【解答】答案:D.考查介词.in+段时间通常用于一般将来时态.since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态.for+段时间通常用于现在完成时态.第一个空since1980自从1980年.第二个空.forover30years超过30年.故选:D。【点评】考查介词用法,这个知识点很广泛,有一些固定用法,需要日常积累,结合语境选择正确介词完成习题.9.【分析】—Tom,为什么你又玩电脑了?—我已经做完作业了。【解答】根据"playingcomputergamesagain"(又玩电脑了)以及"____myhomework"(____我的作业)可知先做完了作业之后,才看的电视,也就是做完作业这个动作在对话发生之前就已经完成,强调对现在造成的影响,就是有时间可以看电视了,所以要用现在完成时。现在完成时结构为:have/has+过去分词,A一般现在时;B现在分词形式;C一般过去时;D现在完成时。故选:D。【点评】掌握现在完成时的构成以及用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案。10.【分析】她听到这个坏消息时忍不住哭了起来.【解答】根据Shecouldn'thelp________whensheheardthebadnews.可知句子考查couldn'thelpdoingsth表示禁不住做某事.故选:D.【点评】首先要掌握这个句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.11.【分析】Jason擅长跑步,他能在11秒内跑完100米。【解答】must必须;should应该;need需要;(表示应该或不得不做)有必要;can表现在、将来或过去的能力;结合语境可知,句意为:Jason擅长跑步,他能在11秒内跑完100米。can符合语境。故选:D。【点评】掌握情态动词的意思和用法,结合语境选出正确答案。12.【分析】—我可以与汤姆通话吗?—对不起,他去了美国。但是他两天后回来。【解答】havebeento去过;havegoneto去了;willcomeback一般将来时;cameback一般过去时。根据语境和后文时间状语"intwodays"可知,他两天后回来,因此他去了美国,现在还没回来,主语是he,第一空用hasgoneto;第二空用一般将来时,willcomeback。故选:B。【点评】辨析havegoneto与havebeento含义的差别,以及时态的用法,结合语境,给出答案。二、完形填空(共8分,每小题8分)阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。13.【分析】本文主要讲了蔡磊在攻克渐冻症方面的贡献。【解答】(1)考查动词。句意:渐冻症患者蔡磊完美地解释了这句话。A.解释,B.测试,C.注意到,D.教,结合上文RomainRollandoncesaid,"Thereisonlyonekindofheroismintheworld,andthatistostilllovelifeafterrecognizingthetruthoflife."(罗曼•罗兰曾经说过:"世界上只有一种英雄主义,那就是认清生活的真相后仍然热爱生活。")可知蔡磊完美地解释了这句话。故选A。(2)考查形容词。句意:蔡磊曾经是京东集团的副总裁,有一份不错的工作和一个幸福的家庭。A.坏的,B.穷的,C.好的,D.坏的,根据CaiLeiwasoncethevicepresidentofJingdongGroup(蔡磊曾经是京东集团的副总裁)可知有一份好的工作。故选C。(3)考查代词。句意:他开始思考在剩下的日子里他能为渐冻症患者做些什么。A.什么,B.如何,C.在哪儿,D.哪一个,结合句意,可知用what作宾语。故选A。(4)考查动词短语。句意:经过深思熟虑,蔡磊提出一个想法:他想生产出对治疗渐冻症有好处的药物。A.担心,B.提出,C.编造,D.听说,根据idea"想法",可知是提出一个想法。故选B。(5)考查形容词。句意:当蔡磊把这个想法告诉别人时,大家都觉得他疯了。A.兴奋的,B.满意的,C.疯狂的,D.勇敢的,结合下文Youknowmedicinedevelopmenttakesatleast10years.(你知道药物开发至少需要10年的时间。)可知大家都觉得他疯了。故选C。(6)考查副词。句意:然而,渐冻症患者从诊断到死亡的时间不超过5年。A.尤其,B.忽然,C.幸运地,D.然而,结合上文Youknowmedicinedevelopmenttakesatleast10years.(你知道药物开发至少需要10年的时间。)可知表示转折。故选D。(7)考查名词。句意:那个误解就像一团火,燃烧着蔡磊的心。A.希望,B.噪音,C.课程,D.火,根据burningCaiLei'sheart(燃烧着蔡磊的心)可知那个误解就像一团火。故选D。(8)考查名词。句意:他致力于这种药物的研究和开发。A.方法,B.发明,C.药物,D.生命,结合下文Hebelieves:"Evenifwecan'tusethismedicine,weshouldletourfuturegenerationsuseit."(他认为:"即使我们不能使用这种药,我们也应该让我们的后代使用它。")可知他致力于这种药物的研究和开发。故选C。【点评】通读全文,理解文章大意,掌握选项的含义,紧密结合上下文和句意判断空格处词义,选择正确的选项,完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。三、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共24分,每小题6分)14.【分析】(1)杰克:我对昆虫感兴趣。我想通过一本图画书了解蝴蝶的生活。(2)艾米:我想读一本用第二人称写的充满想象力的图画书。(3)凯文:我想读一本以动物为主角的有趣的图画书。我希望它比通常的图画书更长。A.越来越多的人在去美丽的海滩的路上登上了公共汽车。似乎没有足够的空间,但"经过一些移动和娱乐,他们为每个人腾出了足够的空间。"这是一本你会开心地读一遍又一遍的书,因为它充满了快乐和能量。B.它可以帮助你和你的家人分享欢笑。故事发生在古代,以一只名叫格拉迪斯的鸡为中心。这本书有48页,比一般的图画书要长,这使它看起来更特别,更令人惊叹。C.作者用第二人称讲述故事,就好像书在和你说话。你可以加入主角的冒险,用你的想象力去探索孤独和创造性。这本书可能会帮助每个人理解一个人是如何"孤独但不孤独"的。D.加入一个丰富多彩的冒险与饥饿的毛毛虫,因为它咀嚼不同的食物。这个故事用明亮的图片和聪明的页面,教授数数,一周中的日子,和蝴蝶的生命周期。埃里克•卡尔永恒的故事吸引了一代又一代的孩子,使它成为每个孩子的必读书籍。【解答】(1)细节推理题。根据Iaminterestedininsects.Iwanttolearnaboutthelifeofbutterfliesthroughapicturebook.(我对昆虫感兴趣。我想通过一本图画书了解蝴蝶的生活。)可知说的是关于昆虫的图画书,结合选项,应说"加入一个丰富多彩的冒险与饥饿的毛毛虫,因为它咀嚼不同的食物。这个故事用明亮的图片和聪明的页面,教授数数,一周中的日子,和蝴蝶的生命周期。埃里克•卡尔永恒的故事吸引了一代又一代的孩子,使它成为每个孩子的必读书籍。"故选D。(2)细节推理题。根据Iwanttoreadapicturebookwhichiswritteninthesecondpersonandfullofimagination.(我想读一本用第二人称写的充满想象力的图画书。)可知说的是用第二人称,结合选项,应说"作者用第二人称讲述故事,就好像书在和你说话。你可以加入主角的冒险,用你的想象力去探索孤独和创造性。这本书可能会帮助每个人理解一个人是如何"孤独但不孤独"的。"故选C。(3)细节推理题。根据Iwanttoreadaninterestingpicturebookwithananimalasthemaincharacter.AndIhopeit'slongerthanusualpicturebooks.(我想读一本以动物为主角的有趣的图画书。我希望它比通常的图画书更长。)可知说的是以动物为主的图画书,结合选项,应说"它可以帮助你和你的家人分享欢笑。故事发生在古代,以一只名叫格拉迪斯的鸡为中心。这本书有48页,比一般的图画书要长,这使它看起来更特别,更令人惊叹。"故选B。【点评】做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析,保证上下文意思通顺,结合选项选出正确答案。15.【分析】文章主要讲述了被誉为"敦煌女儿"的樊锦诗在保护莫高窟上所付出的努力和做出的贡献。【解答】(1)细节理解题。根据第四段ThenshestartedworkingatDunhuangandhasworkedthereeversince.Shespendsalmost60yearstakingcareofDunhuang.(后来她开始在敦煌工作,并且一直工作到现在。她花了将近60年的时间照顾敦煌。)可知,樊锦诗在敦煌工作了约六十年。故选C。(2)词义猜测题。根据第二段Manypeople,includingarchaeologists(考古学家)andresearchers,workhardtotakecareoftheMogaoCaves(许多人,包括考古学家和研究人员,努力工作,以照顾莫高窟,)可知,是并了解莫高窟,所以them代指的是前面提到的theMogaoCaves。故选B。(3)细节理解题。根据倒数第二段OnMay4,2023,"DaughterofDunhuang"FanJinshireturnedtoPekingUniversityandbroughtback10millionRMBdonationstosetuptheFanJinshiEducationFund(基金)tosupporttheresearchofDunhuangstudiesatPekingUniversity.(2023年5月4日,"敦煌之女"樊锦诗回到北京大学,带回1000万元人民币捐款,成立樊锦诗教育基金,支持北京大学敦煌学研究。)和最后一段"Moneymadeshouldbespentintherightway.Peoplecannotonlythinkofthemselves,"shesaid."HopefullythesettingoftheFundcanhelpDunhuangstudiesattheuniversity,soitcanmakepeopleknowmoreaboutDunhuangandraiseculturalconfidenceofthenation."("赚的钱应该用在正确的地方。人们不能只想到自己,"她说。"希望该基金的设立可以帮助大学的敦煌研究,从而使人们更多地了解敦煌,提高民族的文化自信。")可知,没有B项"帮助人们不去想自己"。故选B。【点评】通读全文,理解文章大意,阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容,仔细核对,选择符合原文原意的答案,完成后再次阅读并检查。16.【分析】短文主要说的是自言自语不仅仅是人类的事,也是机器人的事。意大利研究人员设计了一种能自言自语的机器人,使用户能够听到它的思维过程,并对技术的决策过程有更深入的了解。【解答】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段"Ifyouwereabletohearwhattherobotsarethinking,therobotsmightbemoretrustworthy(可信赖的),"oneoftheresearchersAntonioChellasays."Therobotswillbeeasiertounderstandforpeoplewhoaren'tengineers.Inotherwords,wecancommunicateandworkwiththerobotsbetter."("如果你能听到机器人在想什么,机器人可能会更值得信赖,"研究人员之一安东尼奥•切拉说。"对于不是工程师的人来说,机器人将更容易理解。换句话说,我们可以更好地与机器人交流和合作。)可知我们能从研究中学到:这项研究可以帮助人们理解机器人的动作。故选B。(2)词义猜测题。根据最后一段Althoughhearingtheinnervoiceofrobotsenrichesthehuman﹣robotinteraction(互动的),somepeoplemightfinditinefficientbecausetherobotspendsmoretimecompletingjobswhenittalkstoitself.(尽管听到机器人内心的声音丰富了人机互动,但有些人可能会发现它效率低下,因为机器人在与自己交谈时会花更多的时间完成工作。)联系后句可猜测出下划线单词inefficient的意思应为:效率低下的,故选D。(3)标题归纳题。通读前文,根据第一段Talkingtoyourselfisn'tjustforhumans—it'sforrobotstoo.Italianresearchershavedevelopedarobotthatcanspeaktoitself,whichenablesuserstohearitsthoughtprocess(过程)andknowhowtherobotmakesdecisions.(自言自语不仅适用于人类,也适用于机器人。意大利研究人员开发了一种可以自言自语的机器人,使用户能够听到它的思维过程,并知道机器人是如何做出决定的。)可知可知,自言自语不仅仅是人类的事,也是机器人的事。所以"机器人:会思考"作为标题最合适。故选B。【点评】通读全文,理解文章大意,阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容,仔细核对,选择符合原文原意的答案,完成后再次阅读并检查。17.【分析】本文主要介绍了参与奖对儿童的影响。【解答】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段Participationtrophies(参与奖)appearedinchildren'ssportscompetitionsaboutacenturyago.Theyhavebeenusedtoencourageandrewardchildrenforparticipatingınfunandhealthyactivities.(参与奖大约在一个世纪前出现在儿童体育比赛中。它们被用来鼓励和奖励参加有趣和健康活动的儿童。)可知,参与奖用来奖励参加有趣和健康活动的孩子。故选D。(2)细节理解题。根据最后一段Participationtrophiesareprotectiveofchildren'smentalhealth,bygivingthemsoftplacestolandintherockyjourneyofchildhood...Thisviewkeepschildren'sphysicalandmentalwell﹣beingfrontandcenterrightfromthestart,whichcouldn'tbemoreimportantifwearetoraisementallyhealthychildren.(参与奖杯可以保护孩子们的心理健康,让他们在坎坷的童年之旅中有一个柔软的落脚点这种观点从一开始就把孩子的身心健康放在最重要的位置,如果我们要培养心理健康的孩子,这一点再重要不过了。)可知,作者可能同意获得参与奖的孩子将变得心理健康。故选C。(3)主旨大意题。根据最后一段Participationtrophiesareprotectiveofchildren'smentalhealth,bygivingthemsoftplacestolandintherockyjourneyofchildhood...Thisviewkeepschildren'sphysicalandmentalwell﹣beingfrontandcenterrightfromthestart,whichcouldn'tbemoreimportantifwearetoraisementallyhealthychildren.(参与奖杯可以保护孩子们的心理健康,让他们在坎坷的童年之旅中有一个柔软的落脚点这种观点从一开始就把孩子的身心健康放在最重要的位置,如果我们要培养心理健康的孩子,这一点再重要不过了。)以及全文信息可知,本文主要介绍了参与奖对儿童的影响力。故选A。【点评】通读全文,理解文章大意,阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容,仔细核对,选择符合原文原意的答案,完成后再次阅读并检查。四、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。(共8分)18.【分析】这篇短文主要介绍了中国的传统玩具﹣﹣﹣毽子。【解答】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段Shuttlecockskickinghasahistoryofmorethan2

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