全国高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试卷04

绝密★启用前2021届全国高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试卷(天津专用)第四模拟（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：130分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．Icouldappreciate________ifyoucoulddomeafavor.A．it B．that C．what D．which2．________theprojectpleted,alltheworkersanxiouslylookedforwardto________whattheyshould.A．With,bepaid B．After,pay C．After,beingpaid D．With,beingpaid3．It'simportanttowritethesegoalsdown________onlythinkaboutthem.A．morethan B．ratherthan C．otherthan D．lessthan4．Itisobviousthatwateristobe________tothedevelopmentoflife.A．gentle B．fundamental C．harmful D．violent5．—youlikethatlatesttypeofcarsomuch,whynotbuyit?—Well,Ican'taffordsoexpensiveacar.Itisworth200,000yuan.A．Asif B．Evenif C．Nowthat D．Incase6．TheLeifamily________manyadmirableQingdynastyarchitectures,varyingfromgrandbuildingstopublicworks.A．giveaway B．takeup C．passon D．leavebehind7．Theheadmasterwillnotpermitthechangeinthecourse,nor________itathought.A．doeshegive B．willhegive C．hegives D．hewillgive8．Ihavefullconfidenceinyourdevotiontoyourdutyandskillinthisfield,andI'msureyouwillachieve________fullvictory.A．nothinglessthan B．nomorethan C．anythingbut D．nothingmorethan9．Itisreportedthatmorethanonenewhouse________atpresentinthedisasterarea.A．hasbeenbuilt B．havebeenbuilt C．isbeingbuilt D．arebeingbuilt10．Hewasdisappointedtofindthattherewasasignontheouterdoor________,“NoEntry.”A．reading B．indicating C．writing D．implying11．Thecropscientistsfoundthevarietiesofwheat_________notonlybythetypeofsoilbutalsobytheclimate.A．restrict B．restricting C．restricted D．torestrict12．_________thesoldierssacrificedthemselvesinthebattleagainstthefloodmademanypeopleingrief.A．That B．When C．What D．Why13．Hey,Joe,lookatyou!Whatmakesyousohappy?________mysonhaspassedthefinalexamination.A．Because B．When C．That D．Whether14．________thehighcostinhumanlife,theDDaylandingsweresuccessandwereseenwidelyasthebeginningoftheendoftheSecondWorldWar.A．Beyond B．Despite C．Behind D．Nextto15．Despitethewidelyshareddesiretogivemoreplimentstoafriendwhohashandlesatensesituationatwork,when________withthedecisiontoactuallysendthepliments,peoplestilloftenhesitatetoengageinthisbehavior.A．facing B．faced C．beingfaced D．havingfaced第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasawindydayinDecember.Alittlegirlwas16outsidewithasign“HomelessandHungry.”Thecardboardsignwastheonlyprotectionshehasfromthe17.Sheremainedseatedonthesidewalkwitha18besideher.Manypeoplewalkedpastthegirlwithouteven19her.Awomanslowlywalkeduptothegirland20bentover.Thewomanaskedifshewashomeless.Thelittlegirlonly21bysimplyshrugginghershoulders(耸肩).TheladythenaskedifshewasOK,andthegirlshruggedhershouldersagain.Thewomanwasvery22andtriedtoaskthegirlwhyshedidn’thaveanywhereto23.Again,thelittlegirlshruggedhershoulders.Thewomaneventually24anddroppedsomecoinsinthecup.Thegirlwas25onceagainandlookedhopefullydownthestreettoseeifanyonewas26herway.Afew27later,thesamewomanwalkedtowardsher,carryingtwopackages.Thewomanthen28herselfnexttothegirlandaskedhowshewasdoing.Howeverallthequestionswent29.Thewomanthengaveherthetwopackagesoffoodandsaidthatshehadnomoreto30.Thegirlremainedsilentasamansteppedtowardsthe31woman.He32itwasasocialexperiment,andthegirlwasn’tactually33.Buttohisgreat34,helearnedthattheladyhadgiveneverythingshehadto35thegirl—shewashomelessherself!16．A．crying B．sitting C．sleeping D．wandering17．A．cold B．disease C．crowd D．traffic18．A．bowl B．pot C．stick D．cup19．A．glancingat B．wavingat C．laughingat D．pointingat20．A．abruptly B．secretly C．softly D．nervously21．A．admitted B．responded C．continued D．analyzed22．A．casual B．ambitious C．confused D．particular23．A．go B．run C．lie D．escape24．A．ranout B．turnedup C．shoutedout D．gaveup25．A．free B．alone C．quiet D．curious26．A．blocking B．finding C．repairing D．ing27．A．minutes B．days C．weeks D．years28．A．enjoyed B．sheltered C．lowered D．covered29．A．understandable B．unanswered C．wrong D．together30．A．plain B．waste C．sell D．offer31．A．rich B．kind C．calm D．slim32．A．explained B．agreed C．supposed D．hoped33．A．careless B．aggressive C．homeless D．embarrassed34．A．excitement B．amusement C．disappointment D．astonishment35．A．help B．warm C．guide D．change第二部分阅读理解(共20小题；每小题分，满分50分)AHumanEnvironmentsPhotoContestTime:ItwillrunfromSeptember1stthroughDecember31st,2020.Theme:HumanEnvironments—HowtoprotectourlivingenvironmentsIntroduction:Throughouthistory,humanshavelearnedhowtobuildcustomenvironmentstomeetboththeirprivateandpubliclives,andhaveprogressivelyperfectedsuchspacestoadjusttotheirincreasingneeds.In2020,howdoourmanmadeenvironmentslookandwhatdotheysayaboutthecontemporarysocietieswelivein?Categories:“SingleImage”forsinglephotographs;“Series”forfullprojectsWhocanenter:Opentoallstudentsintheworld.Entryfee:$10forasingleentryPrizes:The1stprizewinnerwillreceive$100inCASHandagoldmedal.The2ndand3rdprizewinnerswilleachreceive$50inCASHandasilvermedal.ContestRules:(1)Submittedphoto(s)mustbeyouroriginalcreation！(2)Yourphoto(s)shouldnotbelargerthan8.5x11insize.Imagerequirements:jpgformat;atleast1440pxwide;300dpiispreferable,but72dpiwillworkaswell.Onlinesubmissionofdigitalphotographsisviathewebsite.Ifyou’dliketoparticipateinthe“SingleImage”category,youcansendamaximumof3images.Ifyou’dliketoenterthe“Series’category,youshouldsendaselectionof1015imagesfromthesameproject.Copyright:Fullownershipofthecopyrightforeverysubmittedimageremainswithitsauthor.Youcangrant(授予)FotoRoomthepossibilitytousethesubmittedimagesonitswebsite.DigitalSubmissions:Ifyourphotoisdigitallycreated,thenyoushouldfollowthesetwosteps:(1)Filloutthisentryformandclicktosubmit.(2)ThenyouMUSTemailyourfiletoart@photocontest..MailSubmissions:Ifyourphotoisonpaperoranyothernondigitalformat,thenmailyourentryformandartworkto:SAVETHEFROGS!P.O.Box78758LosAngeles,CA90016theUSA36．Whatcanweknowaboutthecontest？A．Allpeoplecantakepartinit. B．Itlastsforafewmonthsin2020.C．Itsthemeisaboutenvironmentpollution. D．Thereisonlyonecategoryforthecontest.37．Studentswhowanttoparticipateinthecontest________.A．mustpaytheentryfee B．mustbegoodatphotographingC．mustbeactiveinprotectingtheenvironment D．shouldhandintheirphotosbeforeSeptember1st38．Whatwillhappenifaparticipantwinsthefirstprize？A．Hewillreceive$100andtwomedals.B．Hewillreceive$100andagoldmedal.C．Hewilllosehisownershipofhisprizewinningwork.D．Hewillseehisprizewinningworkatart＠photocontest.39．Thephotosstudentsusetoparticipateinthecontest________.A．can’tbeover3images B．mustbe8.5x11insizeC．shouldbetheiroriginalwork D．havenolimitinthenumber40．Thedigitallycreatedphoto________.A．mustbe1440pxwide B．hasahighchancetowinC．isnotallowedtobepeted D．hasadifferentsubmittingwayfromphotosonpaperBAtage22,HikariObermanhasalreadybeenalifeguardforfouryears.Lastweek,ObermantalkedtoTheGardenIslandabouthowhehelpedsavelivesduringarecentrescue.OnDec.30,ObermanandhiscoworkerCopewereparkedintheirtruckatAnini“Igrabbedourequipment.Westartedrollingoutdownthere,”Obermansaid.Whenhegotoutthere,Obermanfoundastanduppaddler,amaninhislate30s,strugglingagainstthecurrent,withanelderlymanholdingtightlytothebackofthepaddleboard(冲浪板).Hesaid,“Mycoworkergrabbedthestandupguy.Meanwhile,I’mstuckwiththeolderman.”Normally,Obermansaidhewouldpullthepaddlerup,layhimonthesurfboard,climbupbehindandpaddlefromthere.Hetriedthattechniqueatfirstandquicklyrealizeditwasnotapracticableoption.Theyarenotgoinganywhere.Waveshitagainsttheextremelysharpreefveryhardabout30yardsbehindthem,andthecurrentwaspullingthemintoit.“It’srightbehindus.IfIstoppaddling,we’redefinitelygoingtobeinthatzone.”Hesaid.Theystartedmakingprogresstowardthereef,wheretheymightsafelybeabletoclimbout.Obermanjustfocusedonforwardmovement.Afteraboutfiveminutes“eventhoughitfeltlonger”Obermansaidhispartnerhadgottenthepaddleboardersafelytoshoreandstartedingbackouttohelp.“Ilookback,andIseeourJetSki.He’sfinallyinginthechannel.We’renotgoingtohavetoworryaboutthatnow.”Itwasagoodrescue.Whenaskedwhatitfeelsliketosavesomeone’slife,Obermanresponded,“Iloveit!That’swhywedoit!”Butasexcitingasitmightbetoperformabigrescue,heexplainedthatthemostimportantpartofhisjobistokeeppeoplefromgettingintotroubleinthefirstplace.41．HowdidHikariObermanandhiscoworkerreacttothetwoworkers’cryforhelp?A．Theydraggedthetwoworkerstotheirtruck.B．Theyrolledtheequipmenttothechannel.C．Theycalledforhelpimmediately.D．Theymadetheirwaytothechannelwithoutdelay.42．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Theyarenotgoinganywhere.”inParagraph6probablymean?A．Theyareunwillingtogoanywhere.B．Theyarewaitingothersforhelp.C．Theyarebeingpulledbythecurrent.D．Theyaregoingtogiveup.43．Whatdidtheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningthewaves?A．Itwastheperfecttimetosurf.B．Thereefsweresohardtodamage.C．Thesituationwasextremelyserious.D．Thepaddlerswerepushedforward.44．Whichofthefollowingthingscontributedmoretotherescue?A．TheJetSki. B．Thecurrent. C．Thepaddleboard. D．Thetruck.45．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardshisjob?A．Skeptical. B．Tolerate. C．Approving. D．Frightened.CEverykidhastheirownfavorites.Dolls,dinosaurs,remotecontrolsandcellphones—theymighthaveatoyboxwithawiderangeofplaythingstokeepthementertained,butthere'sfirmfavoritetheyalwaysreachforfirstcars.Althoughthesexdifferenceinthetoyworldremains,it'snotonlylittleboyswhoaredrawntoallthingswithwheels.Thatmy20montholddaughterdotesontheredbustoyistheproofofthis.Fromage0to2,childrenareinthesensorimotor(感觉运动的)stageofdevelopment,explainsAlyssaWilkins.“Theyarelearningbyabsorbingeverythingthroughtheirsenses—sight,touch,taste,smellandhearing,”Wilkinssays.“Toysandreallifeobjectslikecarsareverysensorilyengaging.Kidscaninteractwithtoycars,trucks,etc.throughspinning(旋转)theirwheels,watchingthemmoveinavarietyofdirections,orhearingthesoundstheymake.”Plus,kidsarejustnaturallydrawntoloudandmovingobjects.“Theyseethelightsonthecarsandtherollingwheels,andhearthesoundoftherunningengine.It'sveryengaging,”Wilkinssays.“Kidswillalwaysbedrawntoattractiveandloudthingsbecausethatiswhatengagestheirbrainandsensorysystems.”Anotherappealoftoyvehiclesisthatthey'retypicallysmallenoughtofitinachild'shandCarsbeethefavoriteofbothboysandgirlsbecausetheycanputtheircarsintheirpocketsrcarrythemaround.Acarisalsoacauseandeffecttoy—itteacheschildrenthattheiractionscanmakesomethinghappen.“It'ssuperinterestingandexcitingforkidstolearnthattheycanchangesomethingintheirenvironment,andtheymayfeelproudofwhattheyhavedone,”CapannaHodgesays.Everychildisuniqueinhowtheyengagewithtoys,andthereasonsfortheirplaystylemaybediverseandplex.Ultimately,howyourkidsplaywiththeirtoyvehiclescouldbealittlewindowintowhatcontrolsorexcitesthem.46．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“doteson”inParagraphImean?A．Turnsdown. B．Goesinfor. C．Runsinto. D．Hascontrolof.47．Whichofthefollowingaspectsplaysabigroleinchildren'slovefortoyvehicles?A．Theinfluenceformparents. B．Theshapeoftoysvehicles.C．Theexcitingsensoryinput. D．Thepeacefullearningenvironment.48．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A．Thesmallerthetoyvehiclesare,themorethekidslikethem.B．Boysperformbetterthangirlswhileplayingwithtoyvehicles.C．Themoretoyvehiclesthekidshave,themorebenefitsthekidsget.D．Kidscangainasenseofachievementfromplayingwithtoyvehicles.49．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Whytoyvehiclesarekids'favoritesB．Howtoyvehiclescanboostkids'fivesenseC．WhyparentschoosetoyvehiclesfortheirkidsD．Howparentscanencouragekidstoplaywithtoyvehicles50．Howdoestheauthordevelopthetext.A． B． C． D．DTelevisionisacentralpartofmanypeople’slives.Thereareveryfewplacesintheworldwhereonecannotfindatelevisionset.Somesportingevents,suchastheOlympicGamesorthefootballWorldCup,canattractaudiencesofmanymillions.Butistelevisionagoodorbadinfluenceonyoungpeopleinthemodernworld?ThomasMurray,presidentoftheBritishParentsAgainstTelevisionSociety,believesthatithasnotimprovedyoungpeople’slives.“Televisiondamagesfamilylife,”heargues.“Atmealtime,familiesnolongertalktoeachother.Intheevenings,youngstersdonotspendgoodqualitytimewithfamilymembers.Instead,theywatchtelevision.”Murraysaysthatthislackofmunicationleadstosocialproblems.Murrayalsobelievesthatthecontentoftelevisionprogrammesprovidesyoungpeoplewithpoorrolemodels.“Thereissomuchviolence(暴力)onTV—guns,kungfufighting,andsoon.Youngpeoplethinkthatallproblemsshouldbesolvedbyaggression.”Itisnotjustyoungpeople’smentalhealththatworriesMurray.“Teenagersdon’tgetenoughexercisebecausetheyspendsomanyhourswatchingtelevision.Theyalsodevelopbackproblemsfromsittingdownforsolong,andeyestrainfromtheeffortofwatching.”Murraywouldliketoseechangestotelevisionhabits.“Programmesshouldbeeducational.Theircontentsshouldbenonviolentandhealthy.Thereshouldbenoprogrammesafterteno’clockintheevening.Parentsshouldteachtheirchildrentoenjoytheirsparetimebyplayingsportsorgames.Andcertainly,thetelevisionshouldbeswitchedoffduringmealtime.SusanTaylorisatelevisionproducer.Shebelievesthattelevisionisagoodinfluenceonyoungpeople.“Televisionbringstheoutsideworldtoyoungsters.Itevenbroughtuspicturesfromthemoon!AndlookwhathappensaftertheOlympicGamesortheWorldCupmatcheshavebeenshownonTV.Peoplestarttotakemoreexercise.Also,therearealotofprogrammesabouthealthyeatingandkeepingfit.”However,TayloragreeswithMurray’spointofviewconcerningparents.“Ofcourseparentshavearoletoplayineducatingtheirkids.TheyshouldturntheTVoffduringmealtimeandtheyshouldtalkwiththeirchildrenasoftenaspossible.”51．Thearticleismainlyabout________.A．thatTVisacentralpartofmanypeople’slivesB．thatMurraywouldliketoseechangestotelevisionhabitsC．whetherTVisagoodorbadinfluenceonyoungpeopleinthemodernworldD．thatparentsshouldturntheTVoffduringmealtimeandtalkwiththeirchildren52．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrue?A．Teenagerswillgetbackacheforsittingdownforalongtime.B．Murrayonlyworriesaboutyoungpeople’smentalhealth.C．TVprogrammesarenonviolentandeducational.D．Teenagersdon’tlikedoingexerciseatall.53．WhatleadstosocialproblemsinMurray’sopinion?A．Thelackofmunication.B．YoungpeoplewatchingtoomuchTV.C．SomuchviolenceonTV.D．Notenoughexercise.54．Theunderlinedwords“eyestrain”inparagraph4probablymeans________.A．eyesickness B．blindness C．eyetiredness D．farsightedness55．Wecaninferfromthispassagethat_________.A．MurrayispresidentoftheBritishParentsAgainstTelevisionSocietyB．SusanTaylorpletelydisagreeswithMurrayonTVC．therearebothgoodandbadprogrammesonTVD．SusanTaylorisatelevisionproducer第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Researchersfoundthatwomenareoverebyaburningdesiretosharegossip(流言蜚语)assoonastheyhearit.Theywilltypicallytellthesecrettoatleastoneotherpersonin47hours.Dependingonwhothegossipisabout,theirboyfriend,husband,bestfriendormotherismostlikelytobetherecipients(接受者)oftheinformation.Thestudyof3,000womenagedbetween18and65alsofoundthatfouroutoftenadmittedtheywereunabletokeepasecret—nomatterhowpersonalorsecretthenewswas.Itwasalsofoundthatalcoholusuallygivesusahelpinghandtoletoutsecrets—withmorethanhalfadmittingaglassortwoofwinecouldgetthemtodishthedirt.MichaelCox,UKDirectorofWinesofChile,said,“It’sofficialthatwomencan’tkeepsecrets.Wearereallyeagertofindoutwiththissurveyhowmanysecretspeoplearetold.Whatwedon’tcountonishowquicklythesearepassedonbythosewetrust.Nomatterhowpreciousthepieceofinformationis,itoftenesoutwithin48hours.”Threequarterssaytheyareabletokeepquietaboutasecret,and83percentconsiderthemselves100percentreliablewithineachgroupoffriends.Yet,fourintenadmitgossipingtoaclosefriendfromanotherfriendshipgroup.Nearlyhalf(45percent)disclosesecretsjustfortheweighttobeliftedfromtheirshoulders.Morethanfourintenthinkitisacceptabletoshareafriend’ssecretwithsomeonewhodoesn’tknowhimorher.Privateissues,truecostofpurchasesandaffairsemergedtopofthesecretkeepinglist,withgirlsmostlikelytoshareasecretchattingfacetoface,onthephoneorviaatextmessage.Fortunately,overaquarter(27percent)saidtheyforgotwhattheyweretoldthefollowingday.56．Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedwords“dishthedirt”inEnglish.(Nomorethan5words.)57．Whatmakeswomenmorelikelypassongossip?(Nomorethan3word.)58．Whatkindsofsecretsarewomenmostinterestedin?(Nomorethan10words.)59．Whydoabouthalfwomentellsecretstoothers?(Nomorethan10words.)60．Shouldwomentellsecretstoothersorkeepsecrets?Pleasegiveyouropinionsandreasons.(Nomorethan25words.)第二节书面表达(满分25分)61．假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Robin想到中国留学，但对中国大学的情况了解很少，于是寻求你的帮助。请你给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.表示欢迎；2.推荐大学；3.你的期待。注意：1.词数80左右；2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。【答案】【答案】1．A【详解】考查it的用法。句意：如果你可以帮助我，我将感激不尽。appreciate后接宾语从句时，常接it作形式宾语，再接宾语从句作真正的宾语。故选A项。2．D【详解】考查with复合结构和非谓语动词。句意：工程完工后，所有的工人都焦急地盼望着应得的报酬。分析可知，第一空处考查with的复合结构，即with+宾语+宾补，此处宾语project和plete为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补；第二空，根据lookforwardto(doing)sth.“期待（做）某事”可知，to为介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，又逻辑主语workers和pay之间为被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式beingdone。综上，故选D。3．B【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：把这些目标写下来而不是只考虑它们更重要。A.morethan多于，不仅；B.ratherthan而不是；C.otherthan除了；D.lessthan不足。根据句意可知，此处指要把目标写下来，而不是只考虑它们，用ratherthan“而不是”符合语境。故选B。4．B【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，水是生命发展的基础。A.温和的，文雅的；B.基础的；C.有害的；D.暴力的。结合句意可知，此处指“水是生命发展的基础”，故选B项。5．C【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：——既然你这么喜欢那辆最新款的车，为什么不买呢？——嗯，我买不起那么贵的车，它要20万人民币。A.Asif好像；B.Evenif尽管，即使；C.Nowthat既然；D.Incase以防。结合句意可知，此处应用nowthat“既然”引导原因状语从句。故选C。6．D【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：雷氏家族留下了许多令人钦佩的清代建筑，从宏伟的建筑到公共工程。A.giveaway赠送；B.takeup占据；C.passon传递；D.leavebehind留下。根据“manyadmirableQingdynastyarchitectures”可知，此处是指雷氏家族留下了许多令人钦佩的清代建筑。故选D。7．B【详解】考查一般将来时和部分倒装。句意：校长不会允许改变课程，也不会考虑这一点。nor意为“也不”，为否定词，放在句首时句子应用部分倒装。根据“Theheadmasterwillnotpermitthechangeinthecourse”可知，此处应用一般将来时。故选B。8．A【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我完全相信你在这个领域对职责和技能的献身精神，我相信你将取得完全的胜利。A.nothinglessthan完全是、不亚于；B.nomorethan仅仅；C.anythingbut决不；D.nothingmorethan不过是。根据“Ihavefullconfidenceinyourdevotiontoyourdutyandskillinthisfield”（我完全相信你在这个领域对职责和技能的献身精神）可知，我相信你将取得完全的胜利，故选A。9．C【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：据报道，目前灾区正在建造不止一幢新房子。根据atpresent可知，此处应用现在进行时。动词build意为“建造”，和主语house构成被动关系。“morethanone+可数名词单数”做主语，谓语动词用单数。故选C。10．A【详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：他失望地发现外门上有个牌子写着“禁止入内”。A.reading阅读；B.indicating指示；C.writing写；D.implying暗示。分析句意可知，分析句意可知，外门上有个牌子写着“禁止入内”，可以理解为牌子上读（reading）到“禁止入内”。故选A项。11．C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：农作物科学家发现，小麦品种不仅受土壤类型的限制，而且受气候的限制。restrict“限制”，为及物动词。此处为“find+宾语+补语”，wheat和restrict为动宾关系，所以要用过去分词作宾补。结合选项，故选C。12．A【详解】考查主语从句。句意：战士们在抗洪战斗中牺牲了，这使许多人感到悲痛。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故应用只起连接作用的that引导。故选A。13．C【详解】考查主语从句。句意：——嘿，乔，看看你！是什么让你这么高兴？——我儿子已经通过了期末考试。what在问句中充当主语，所以回答what应用主语从句。从句中不缺少意思和成分，所以应用that引导。故选C。14．B【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管付出了高昂的生命代价，诺曼底登陆是成功的，并被广泛视为第二次世界大战结束的开始。A.Beyond超越；B.Despite尽管；C.Behind在……的后面；D.Nextto紧挨着。根据句意可知，“thehighcostinhumanlife”（付出了高昂的生命代价）与“theDDaylandingsweresuccess”（诺曼底登陆是成功的）是让步关系，故选B。15．B【详解】考查省略句。句意：尽管人们普遍希望给一个在工作中处理紧张局势的朋友更多的赞美，但当面临真正发送赞美的决定时，人们仍然经常犹豫是否进行这种行为。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，从句完整形式为“whenpeoplearefacedwiththedecisiontoactuallysendthepliments”，相当于省略了peopleare。故选B。【答案】16．B17．A18．D19．A20．C21．B22．C23．A24．D25．B26．D27．A28．C29．B30．D31．B32．A33．C34．D35．A【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一位女士在自己无家可归的情况下倾尽所有来帮助一个“无家可归”的小女孩，最后她得知，小女孩并不是真的无家可归，这只是一个社会实验。16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个小女孩坐在外面，手里拿着“无家可归、饥肠辘辘”的牌子。A.crying哭喊；B.sitting坐；C.sleeping睡觉；D.wandering漫游。根据“Sheremainedseatedonthesidewalk”可知，此处指小女孩举着牌子坐在外面。故选B项。17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：纸牌是保护她抵御寒冷的唯一东西。A.cold寒冷；B.disease疾病；C.crowd人群；D.traffic交通。根据“ItwasawindydayinDecember.”可知，当时是冬天，外面天气应该是很寒冷，所以小女孩身前的纸牌是唯一可以让她抵御寒冷的东西。故选A项。18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她仍然坐在人行道上，身边放着一个杯子。A.bowl碗；B.pot罐；C.stick棍子；D.cup杯子。根据“Thewomaneventually___9___anddroppedsomecoinsinthecup.”可知，小女孩身边应该是放着一个杯子。故选D项。19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多人从这个女孩身边走过，看也不看她一眼。A.glancingat看一下；B.wavingat挥手；C.laughingat嘲笑；D.pointingat指着。根据“Manypeoplewalkedpastthegirlwithouteven___4___her.”可知，没人愿意在小女孩身边停留去看她一眼。故选A项。20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一个女人慢慢地走到女孩跟前，轻轻地弯下腰。A.abruptly突然地；B.secretly秘密地；C.softly轻轻地；D.nervously紧张地。根据“slowlywalkeduptothegirl”可知，空处和前面的slowly并列，形容那个女人动作很轻柔，所以用softly，表示她轻轻地弯下腰。故选C项。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：小女孩只是简单地耸了耸肩膀作为回应。A.admitted承认；B.responded回应；C.continued继续；D.analyzed分析。根据“Thewomanaskedifshewashomeless.”可知，此处指小女孩对那位女士的问题进行回应。故选B项。22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女人非常困惑，试图问女孩为什么没有地方可去。A.casual随意的；B.ambitious有野心的；C.confused困惑的；D.particular特别的。根据“TheladythenaskedifshewasOK,andthegirlshruggedhershouldersagain.”可知，女人再三询问女孩却没有得到答案，所以她应该感到困惑。故选C项。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：女人非常困惑，试图问女孩为什么没有地方可去。A.go去；B.run跑；C.lie躺；D.escape逃走。根据“triedtoaskthegirlwhyshedidn’thaveanywhereto___8___.”可知，此处表示女人试图问女孩为什么没有地方可去。故选A项。24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位女士最终放弃了，在杯子里扔了一些硬币。A.ranout用完；B.turnedup出现；C.shoutedout大喊；D.gaveup放弃。根据“Again,thelittlegirlshruggedhershoulders.Thewomaneventually”可知，女人问了好几个问题，小女孩都没有回答，所以可以推断，那个女人最终放弃了问小女孩问题。故选D项。25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女孩又孤身一人了，她满怀希望地望着街道，看看有没有人朝她走来。A.free自由的；B.alone独自一人；C.quiet安静的；D.curious好奇的。根据“Thewomaneventually___9___anddroppedsomecoinsinthecup.”可知，那个女人走了，所以小女孩又独自一人了。故选B项。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：女孩又孤身一人了，她满怀希望地望着街道，看看有没有人朝她走来。A.blocking阻塞；B.finding发现；C.repairing修理；D.ing来。根据“Thegirlwas___10___onceagainandlookedhopefullydownthestreettoseeifanyonewas___11___herway.”可知，那个女人走后，女孩又孤身一人了，所以她满怀希望地望着街道，看看有没有人朝她走来。故选D项。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，那个女人拿着两个包裹向她走来。A.minutes分钟；B.days天；C.weeks周；D.years年。根据“Afew___12___later,thesamewomanwalkedtowardsher,carryingtwopackages.”以及语境可知，那个女人离开后又回来了，这中间隔的时间不会很长，应该是几分钟或几小时，结合选项，只有A项（minutes）符合语境。故选A项。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，那位妇女坐到小女孩身边，问她过得怎么样。A.enjoyed享受；B.sheltered躲避；C.lowered降低；D.covered覆盖。根据“nexttothegirl”可知，女人应该是坐了下来和女孩说话。故选C项。29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，所有的问题都没有得到回答。A.understandable可以理解的；B.unanswered未答复的；C.wrong错误的；D.together新潮的。根据“Howeverallthequestionswent___14___.”以及语境可知，女人问小女孩的所有问题都没有得到回答。故选B项。30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：女人把那两包食物给了她，说她再也没有东西给她了。A.plain抱怨；B.waste浪费；C.sell出售；D.offer提供。根据“Thewomanthengaveherthetwopackagesoffoodandsaidthatshehadnomoreto___15___.”可知，女人应该是把自己所有的食物都给了女孩，所以她再没有东西可提供了。故选D项。31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女孩保持着沉默，这时一个男人向这位善良的女人走去。A.rich富裕的；B.kind善良的；C.calm镇定的；D.slim苗条的。根据“Thewomanthengaveherthetwopackagesoffoodandsaidthatshehadnomoreto___15___.”以及语境可知，这位女士看到寒风中的小女孩之后表示关心，并且把自己所有的食物都给了她，因此可以推断她是一个善良的人。故选B项。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释说这是一个社会实验，女孩并不是真的无家可归。A.explained解释；B.agreed同意；C.supposed认为；D.hoped希望。根据“itwasasocialexperiment”可知，此处指过来的那位男士对眼前的情况进行解释，说这是一个社会实验。故选A项。33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他解释说这是一个社会实验，女孩并不是真的无家可归。A.careless粗心的；B.aggressive有攻击性的；C.homeless无家可归的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据“itwasasocialexperiment”可知，过来的那位男士对眼前的情况进行解释，说这是一个社会实验，所以可以推断，那个小女孩并不是真的无家可归。故选C项。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但令他大为吃惊的是，他得知那位女士为帮助那个女孩付出了一切——她自己也是无家可归的人!A.excitement激动；B.amusement娱乐；C.disappointment失望；D.astonishment吃惊。根据“helearnedthattheladyhadgiveneverythingshehadto___20___thegirl—shewashomelessherself!”可知，那位女士在自己无家可归的情况下拿出一切来帮助小女孩，这是令人吃惊的。故选D项。35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但令他大为吃惊的是，他得知那位女士为帮助那个女孩付出了一切——她自己也是无家可归的人!A.help帮助；B.warm使……温暖；C.guide指引；D.change改变。根据“Thewomanthengaveherthetwopackagesoffoodandsaidthatshehadnomoreto___15___.”可知，那位女士倾尽所有来帮助小女孩。故选A项。【答案】36．B37．A38．B39．C40．D【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则人类环境摄影大赛的公告，介绍了比赛的时间、主题、要求和比赛规则等情况。36．细节理解题。根据第一段“Time:ItwillrunfromSeptember1stthroughDecember31st,2020.(时间：2020年9月1日至12月37．细节理解题。根据Entryfee部分中“Entryfee:$10forasingleentry(报名费：每场10美元)”可知，想参加比赛的学生必须交报名费。故选A。38．细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中“Prizes:The1stprizewinnerwillreceive$100inCASHandagoldmedal.(奖品：一等奖得主将获得100美元现金和一枚金牌)”可知，赢得了第一名的参与者将获得100美元和一枚金牌。故选B。39．细节理解题。根据ContestRules部分中“ContestRules:(1)Submittedphoto(s)mustbeyouroriginalcreation！(比赛规则：参赛作品必须是您的原创作品！)”可知，学生们用来参加比赛的照片必须是他们的原创作品。故选C。40．细节理解题。根据“DigitalSubmissions:Ifyourphotoisdigitallycreated,thenyoushouldfollowthesetwosteps(数码提交：如果你的照片是数码创建的，那么你应该遵循以下两个步骤)”以及“MailSubmissions:Ifyourphotoisonpaperoranyothernondigitalformat,thenmailyourentryformandartworkto:SAVETHEFROGS!(邮件提交：如果你的照片是纸质或任何其他非数字格式，然后邮寄你的报名表和艺术品给SAVETHEFROGS！)”可知，数码照片与纸质照片有不同的提交方式。故选D。【答案】41．D42．C43．C44．A45．C【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了当了四年的救生员Oberman对最近一次海上救援事件的描述以及自己的感悟。41．细节理解题。根据文章第三段Oberman说的话“Igrabbedourequipment.Westartedrollingoutdownthere”（我抓起我们的设备。我们开始从那里撤离）可知，Oberman和他的同事听到两名工人的呼救后，他们毫不耽搁地向海峡进发。故选D项。42．句意猜测题。根据文章第七段“Waveshitagainsttheextremelysharpreefveryhardabout30yardsbehindthem,andthecurrentwaspullingthemintoit.”（海浪猛烈地冲击着他们身后30码处的礁石，洋流把他们卷了进去。）可猜测，“Theyarenotgoinganywhere.”指的是他们被水流牵引着，哪也去不了。故选C项。43．推理判断题。根据文章第八段““It’s