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OrganizationalBehavior,18e(Robbins)
Chapter6PerceptionandIndividualDecisionMaking
1)istheprocessbywhichindividualsorganizeandinterprettheirsensoryimpressionsinordertogivemeaningtotheirenvironment.
A)Sensation
B)Impression
C)Apprehension
D)Attribution
E)Perception
Answer:E
Explanation:Perceptionisdefinedasaprocessbywhichindividualsorganizeandinterpret
theirsensoryimpressionsinordertogivemeaningtotheirenvironment.People'sbehavioris
basedontheirperceptionofwhatrealityis,andnotonrealityitself.Whatapersonperceivescanbesubstantiallydifferentfromobjectivereality.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
2)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueregardingperception?
A)Perceptionofrealityisindependentofone'spersonality.
B)Ourperceptionofatargetisnotaffectedbythecontextofthesituationinwhichtheperceptionismade
C)Ourperceptionofrealitycanbedifferentfromtheobjectivereality.
D)Ourperceptionofrealityisindependentofourpastexperiences.
E)Weformaperceptionofatargetbylookingatitinisolation.
Answer:C
Explanation:Ourperceptionofrealitycanbedifferentfromtheobjectivereality.Our
perceptionofrealityisaffectedbyourpersonality,pastexperiences,andthecontextofthesituationinwhichtheperceptionismade.Wedonotlookattargetsinisolation.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
CopyrightO2019PearsonEducation,Inc
3)Whentwopeoplewitnesssomethingatthesametimeandinthesamesituationyetinterpretitdifferently,factorsthatoperatetoshapetheirperceptionsresideinthe
A)perceivers
B)target
C)timing
D)context
E)situation
Answer:A
Explanation:Sincethetimeandsituationarethesame,thefactorsthatoperatetoshapeperceptionmustbeintheperceiversthemselves.Personalcharacteristicsthatcanaffect
perceptionincludeperceiverattitudes,personality,motives,interests,pastexperiences,andexpectations.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
4)DavidMyersisoftheopinionthatpeoplewhodriveSUVsarerashdrivers.HefeelsthatpeopledrivingSUVsdonotrespectroadrulesandalwaysviolatetrafficregulations.What
personalfactorismostlikelytobeaffectingMyers'perceptionofSUVdrivers?A)hisfinancialbackground
B)hisexpectations
C)hisinterest
D)hismotive
E)hispersonality
Answer:B
Explanation:MyersexpectsallSUVdriverstobedangerous.Hisexpectationsarewhatcolorhisperception.Theexampledoesn'texplainwhyheexpectsthis,althoughitcouldbefroma
previousbadexperience.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
AACSB:Analyticalthinking
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Application
2
Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.
5)Extremelyattractiveorunattractiveindividualsaremostlikelytobenoticedinagroup.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthereasonbehindthis?
A)Ourperceptionofrealitydependsonourpastexperiences.
B)Ourperceptionofrealitydependsonourpersonality.
C)Wedon'tlookattargetsinisolation.
D)Thetimeatwhichweseeanobjectcaninfluenceourperceptionoftheobject.E)Ourmotivesandexpectationsaffectourperceptionofatarget.
Answer:C
Explanation:Characteristicsofthetargetweobservecanaffectwhatweperceive.Loudpeoplearemorelikelytobenoticedinagroupthanquietones.So,too,areextremelyattractiveor
unattractiveindividuals.Becausewedon'tlookattargetsinisolation,therelationshipofatargettoitsbackgroundinfluencesourperceptionofthetarget.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Concept
6)Duringteammeetings,AmberDowningalwaysnoticesthatRhonaLawtendstoaskmany
questionsandsuggestideasateachdiscussion.However,Lawstandsoutinthemeetingsonly
becausesheistheonlyonemakingsuggestions.Ifbothofthemwerepartofteammeetings
wherealmostallmembersmadesuggestionsandaskedquestions,Lawwouldnothavedrawnas
muchattentionfromDowning.WhichofthefollowingfactorshasmostlikelyinfluencedDowning'sperceptionofLaw?
A)expectation
B)interest
C)pastexperience
D)context
E)motive
Answer:D
Explanation:Anumberoffactorsoperatetoshapeandsometimesdistortperception.These
factorscanresideintheperceiver,intheobjectortargetbeingperceived,orinthecontextofthesituationinwhichtheperceptionismade.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
AACSB:Analyticalthinking
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Application
3
CopyrightC2019PearsonEducation,Inc.
7)MonicaWaldenfeelsthatpeoplewhouseplasticbagsareinsensitivetowardtheenvironment.
Shebelievesthatpeoplehaveacertainobligationtowardtheirenvironmentandshouldtakeituponthemselvestoprotectandpreserveit.Whichofthefollowingfactorshasmostlikely
influencedWalden'sperceptionofplasticbagusers?
A)location
B)time
C)characteristicofthetarget
D)expectation
E)context
Answer:D
Explanation:Anumberoffactorsoperatetoshapeandsometimesdistortperception.These
factorscanresideintheperceiver,intheobjectortargetbeingperceived,orinthecontextofthesituationinwhichtheperceptionismade.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
AACSB:Analyticalthinking
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Application
8)Whichofthefollowingisafactorpresentinatargetwhichmayaffectaperson'sperception?
A)attitude
B)motive
C)interest
D)novelty
E)experience
Answer:D
Explanation:Factorspresentinatargetwhichmayaffectperceptionarenovelty,motion,sound,size,background,proximity,andsimilarity.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
9)Whichofthefollowingisafactorpresentinasituationwhichmayaffectaperson'sperception?
A)similarity
B)size
C)expectation
D)time
E)experience
Answer:D
Explanation:Factorspresentinasituationwhichmayaffectperceptionareworksetting,socialsetting,andtime.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
4
Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.
10)Whichofthefollowingisafactorpresentinaperceiverwhichmayaffectperception?A)interest
B)similarity
C)sound
D)proximity
E)background
Answer:A
Explanation:Factorspresentinaperceiverwhichmayaffectperceptionareattitudes,motives,interests,experience,andexpectations.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
11)AliciaAkersworksasamarketingexecutive.Shealwaystalksinahighpitchandoftendrawsalotofattentionwhereversheis.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexplainsthereasonbehindpeoplenoticingAkers?
A)Perceptionofrealitydependsontheperceiver'spastexperiences.
B)Perceptionofrealitydependsontheperceiver'spersonality.
C)Characteristicsofthetargetaffectpeople'sperception.
D)Thetimeatwhichweobservebehavioraffectsperception.
E)Motivesandinterestsoftheperceiveraffectsperceptionofbehavior.
Answer:C
Explanation:Characteristicsofthetargetweobservecanaffectperception.Loudpeoplearemorelikelytobenoticedinagroupthanquietones.Evenextremelyattractiveorunattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobenoticed.Sincepeopledonotlookattargetsinisolation,therelationshipofatargettoitsbackgroundinfluencesone'sperceptionofthetarget.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
AACSB:Analyticalthinking
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Application
12)Peopleareusuallynotawareofthefactorsthatinfluencetheirviewofreality.Answer:TRUE
Explanation:Peopleareusuallynotawareofthefactorsthatinfluencetheirviewofreality.Infact,peoplearenoteventhatperceptiveabouttheirownabilities.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
13)People'sbehaviorisbasedontheirperceptionofwhatrealityis,notonrealityitself.Answer:TRUF
Explanation:People'sbehaviorisbasedontheirperceptionofwhatrealityis,notonrealityitself.Theworldasitisperceivedistheworldthatisbehaviorallyimportant.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
5
Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.
14)Theperceptionofatargetisunaffectedbytheperceiver'spersonalityorpastexperiences.Answer:FALSE
Explanation:Anumberoffactorsoperatetoshapeandsometimesdistortperception.These
factorscanresideintheperceiver,intheobjectortargetbeingperceived,orinthecontextofthesituationinwhichtheperceptionismade.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
15)Whatisperception?Discussthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Answer:Perceptionisaprocessbywhichindividualsorganizeandinterprettheirsensory
impressionsinordertogivemeaningtotheirenvironment.Whatanindividualperceivescanbesubstantiallydifferentfromobjectivereality.Whenpeoplelookatatargetandattemptto
interpretwhattheysee,theirinterpretationisheavilyinfluencedbypersonalcharacteristicssuchastheirattitudes,personality,motives,interests,pastexperiences,andexpectations.
Characteristicsofthetargetalsoaffectperception.Sincepeopledonotlookattargetsinisolation,
therelationshipofatargettoitsbackgroundalsoinfluencesperception,asdoesone'stendencytogroupclosethingsandsimilarthingstogether.Contextmattersaswell.Thetimeatwhichpeopleseeanobjectoreventcaninfluenceattention,ascanlocation,light,heat,oranynumberof
situationalfactors.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Concept
16)Explainwithanexamplethecontrasteffect.
Answer:Evaluationofaperson'scharacteristicsthatisaffectedbycomparisonswithotherpeoplerecentlyencounteredwhorankhigherorloweronthesamecharacteristicsisknownasthecontrasteffect.Wedon'tevaluateapersoninisolation.Ourreactionisinfluencedbyotherpersonswehaverecentlyencountered.Forexample,inaseriesofjobinterviews,interviewerscanmakedistortionsinanygivencandidate'sevaluationasaresultofhisorherplaceinthe
interviewschedule.Acandidateislikelytoreceiveamorefavorableevaluationifprecededbymediocreapplicantsandalessfavorableevaluationifprecededbystrongapplicants.
LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Concept
6
Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.
17)explainsthewaysinwhichwejudgepeopledifferently,dependingonthemeaningweassigntoagivenbehavior.
A)Attributiontheory
B)Equitytheory
C)Objectrelationstheory
D)Attachmenttheory
E)Culturalschematheory
Answer:A
Explanation:Attributiontheorysuggeststhatwhenweobserveanindividualsbehavior,weattempttodeterminewhetheritwasinternallyorexternallycaused.Determinationhowever,dependslargelyonthreefactors,namely,distinctiveness,consensus,andconsistency.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
18)Attributiontheorysuggeststhatwhenweobserveanindividual'sbehavior,weattemptto
determinewhetheritwasinternallyorexternallycaused.Thatdetermination,however,dependslargelyonthreefactors.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthesethreefactors?
A)traceability
B)consistency
C)verifiability
D)relatedness
E)affectintensity
Answer:B
Explanation:Attributiontheorysuggeststhatwhenweobserveanindividual'sbehavior,we
attempttodeterminewhetheritwasinternallyorexternallycaused.Determinationhowever,dependslargelyonthreefactors,namely,distinctiveness,consensus,andconsistency.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
19)Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofinternallycausedbehavior?
A)Anemployeewaslateforateammeetingbecauseofaheavydownpour.
B)Anemployeewaslaidoffbecausethecompanywasattemptingtocutcostsbylayingoffemployees.
C)Anemployeewasfiredfromworkbecauseheviolatedacompanypolicy.
D)Anemployeecouldnotattendaninterviewbecauseofadelayedflight.
E)Anemployeecouldnotcometoworkbecausehemetwithanaccident.
Answer:C
Explanation:Internallycausedbehaviorsarethosewebelievetobeunderthepersonalcontrol
oftheindividual.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
AACSB:Analyticalthinking
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Application
7
Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.
20)Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofexternallycausedbehavior?
A)Anemployeepostponesameetingbecauseheoverslept.
B)Anemployeeislatetoworkbecauseofapuncturedtire.
C)Anemployeewasfiredbecauseheviolatedacompanypolicy.
D)Anemployeewaspromotedwhenheachievedmorethantheassignedobjectives.
E)Anemployeeclosedasalewithanimportantcorporateclientbecauseofhisexcellentnegotiationskills
Answer:B
Explanation:Externallycausedbehavioriswhatweimaginethesituationforcedtheindividualtodo.Forinstance,ifanemployeeislateforwork,andyouattributehisarrivinglatetoan
automobileaccidentoraflattire,thenyouaremakinganexternalattribution.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
AACSB:Analyticalthinking
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Application
21)Accordingtotheattributiontheory,isoneofthethreemainfactorswhichattempttodetermineanindividual'sbehavior.
A)distinctiveness
B)perverseness
C)flexibleness
D)resilience
E)timorousness
Answer:A
Explanation:Attributiontheorysuggeststhatwhenweobserveanindividual'sbehavior,weattempttodeterminewhetheritwasinternallyorexternallycaused.Determination,however,dependslargelyonthreefactors,namely,distinctiveness,consensus,andconsistency.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
22)Whenindividualsobserveanotherperson'sbehavior,theyattempttodeterminewhetheritisinternallyorexternallycaused.Whichofthefollowingattemptstoexplainthisphenomenon?
A)Pygmalioneffect
B)emotionaldissonance
C)attributiontheory
D)two-factortheory
E)framingeffect
Answer:C
Explanation:Attributiontheoryisanattempttodeterminewhetheranindividual'sbehaviorisinternallyorexternallycaused.Wejudgepeopledifferently,dependingonthemeaningwe
attributetoagivenbehavior.Attributiontheorysuggeststhatwhenweobserveanindividual'sbehavior,weattempttodeterminewhetheritwasinternallyorexternallycaused.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
8
Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.
23)Withreferencetotheattributiontheory,whichofthefollowingtermsindicatestheextenttowhichanindividualdisplaysdifferentbehaviorsindifferentsituations?
A)flexibility
B)integrity
C)consensus
D)consistency
E)distinctiveness
Answer:E
Explanation:Distinctivenessisoneofthreedeterminingfactorsthatcontributetoattribution
theoryperceptions.Distinctivenessreferstowhetheranindividualdisplaysdifferentbehaviorsin
differentsituations.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
24)Ifapersonrespondstoaparticularsituationinthesamewayoveralongtimeperiod,thentheattributiontheorystatesthatthebehaviordemonstrates
A)distinctiveness
B)consensus
C)consistency
D)discontinuity
E)traceability
Answer:C
Explanation:Consistencyinaperson'sactionsmeansthatthepersonrespondsinthesamewaytothesamesituationoveralongperiodoftime.Forinstance,anemployeewhohasnotbeenlateforseveralmonthsisperceiveddifferentlyfromanemployeewhoislatetwoorthreetimesa
week.Theregularlylateemployeedemonstrateshighconsistencyintardiness.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
25)Accordingtotheattributiontheory,ifabehaviorscores,wetendtoattributeittoexternalcauses.
A)lowondistinctiveness
B)lowonadaptability
C)lowonconsistency
D)highonstability
E)lowonconsensus
Answer:C
Explanation:Consistencyindicatesthatthepersonrespondsthesamewayovertime.Thelessconsistentthebehavior,themoreweareinclinedtoattributeittoexternalcauses.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Concept
9
Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.
26)JaniceYoderworksinanenvironmentalcampaigningorganizationandoftenneedsto
interactwithalargeteamforprojectimplementationactivities.However,shealwaysfindsit
difficulttoworkasapartofateam.Shealwaysseemstohavemajordisagreementswithteam
memberswhichleadtoantagonisticrelationsbetweenthem.Thoughshehasmovedfromone
teamtoanother,herrelationswithcolleaguesalwaysseemtobehostileandcold.Howwouldtheattributiontheorydescribethisbehavior?
A)lowonconsensus
B)highonreliability
C)highonadaptability
D)highonconsistency
E)lowondistinctiveness
Answer:D
Explanation:Consistencyinaperson'sactionsmeansthatthepersonrespondsthesamewayovertimetothesamesituation.Yoderhashadhostilerelationshipswithcolleaguesoveralongperiodoftime.Thus,herbehaviorshowsconsistency.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
AACSB:Analyticalthinking
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Application
27)Accordingtotheattributiontheory,ifeveryonewhofacesasimilarsituationrespondsinthe
sameway,wecansaythebehaviorshows
A)distinctiveness
B)tractability
C)consensus
D)consistency
E)manageability
Answer:C
Explanation:Ifeveryonewhofacesasimilarsituationrespondsinthesameway,wecansay
thebehaviorshowsconsensus.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
10
Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.
28)Janiceislateforworkeachdaybyabouttenminutes.Howwouldattributiontheorydescribe
thisbehavior?
A)Itshowsconsensus.
B)Itshowssimilarity.
C)Itshowsconsistency.
D)Itshowsreliability.
E)Itshowsdistinctiveness.
Answer:C
Explanation:Consistencyinaperson'sactionsmeansthatthepersonrespondsthesamewayovertimetothesamesituation.Anemployeewhohasn'tbeenlateforseveralmonthsis
perceiveddifferentlythananemployeewhoislatetwoorthreetimesaweek.Janice
demonstrateshighconsistencyintardiness.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
AACSB:Analyticalthinking
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Application
29)Accordingtotheattributiontheory,whichofthefollowingbehaviorsismostlikelytobeattributedtoanexternalcause?
A)abehaviorthatscoreshighonconsensus
B)abehaviorthatscoreslowondistinctiveness
C)abehaviorthatscoreshighonconsistency
D)abehaviorthatscoreslowontraceability
E)abehaviorthatscoreshighonrigidity
Answer:A
Explanation:Accordingtotheattributiontheory,ifabehaviorscoreshighonconsensus,we
tendtoattributeittoexternalcauses.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Concept
30)Samanthaisneverlateforwork,butlastMondayshearrivedanhourlatebecauseofheavytraffic.Accordingtotheattributiontheory,Samantha'sbehavioronthatdayscores
A)highonreliability
B)lowondistinctiveness
C)highontraceability
D)lowonconsistency
E)highonstability
Answer:D
Explanation:Ifapersonrespondsthesamewayovertimethenhisorherbehaviordisplaysconsistency.SinceSamanthaisgenerallyintheofficeontime,herbehaviorscoreslowon
consistency.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
AACSB:Analyticalthinking
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Application
11
Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.
31)MeganCardova,whoworksasasalesexecutiveatOrbitBank,hasbeenfailingtomeethersalestargetsforthelast10months.Recently,shehadaface-to-facediscussionwithhermanagerwhereshesaidthattheunrealistictargetswerethereasonforherunderperformance.The
manager,however,noticedthatalltheotherteammemberswereachievingtheirtargetsand
sometimeswereevenachievingmorethanthesetnumbers.WhichofthefollowingisCardova'sbehaviormostlikelytobecharacterizedasaccordingtotheattributiontheory?
A)lowdistinctiveness
B)highrigidity
C)hightraceability
D)lowconsensus
E)lowconsistency
Answer:D
Explanation:Ifeveryonewhofacesasimilarsituationrespondsinthesameway,wecansay
thatthebehaviorshowsconsensus.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
AACSB:Analyticalthinking
Difficulty:Moderate
Quest.Category:Application
32)Accordingtotheattributiontheory,ifabehaviorscores,wetendtoattributeittointernalcauses.
A)lowonconsistency
B)highonrigidity
C)lowondistinctiveness
D)highonconsensus
E)lowonconformity
Answer:C
Explanation:Distinctivenessreferstowhetheranindividualdisplaysdifferentbehaviorsindifferentsituations.Accordingtotheattributiontheory,ifabehaviorscoreslowon
distinctiveness,wetendtoattributeittointernalcauses.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
12
CopyrightC2019PearsonEducation,Inc.
33)Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthetendencytounderestimatetheinfluenceofexternalfactorsandoverestimatetheinfluenceofinternalfactorswhenmakingjudgmentsabout
thebehaviorofothers?
A)fundamentalattributionerror
B)bandwagoneffect
C)contrasteffect
D)emotionaldissonance
E)self-fulfillingprophecy
Answer:A
Explanation:Thetendencytounderestimatetheinfluenceofexternalfactorsandoverestimatetheinfluenceofinternalfactorswhenmakingjudgmentsaboutthebehaviorofothersisreferred
toasthefundamentalattributionerror.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
Difficulty:Easy
Quest.Category:Concept
34)NaomiFisher,asalesmanageratPure,awaterpurifiercompany,hadanewmember,LeahMarshall,joinherteam.ThoughduringLeah'sinterview,Naomifeltshewouldbeaproductivesalesexecutive,herperformancehasoftenbeenbelowthemark.Consistentlyinthepastthreemonths,Leahhasbeenunabletoreachhertargetsandisfallingsubstantiallybehindonher
annualtargets.NaomiassumesthatLeahisnotdeterminedandmotivatedenoughtodowhatittakes.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,weakensNaomisassumption?
A)Leahhasoftenarrivedlateforteammeetingsconductedinthemorning
B)Leahhasbeenassignedasalesterritorywhereconsumersareffomlowincomegroups.C)Leahhasgoodinterpersonalskillsandgetsalongwellwithhercustomers.
D)Researchshowedthatthecompany'slargestcompetitorhadalowerturnoverthantheydid.
E)NaomirecentlyreceivedfeedbackfromotherteammembersthatLeahisoftenuncooperative.Answer:B
Explanation:Thetendencytounderestimatetheinfluenceofexternalfactorsandoverestimatetheinfluenceofinternalfactorswhenmakingjudgmentsaboutthebehaviorofothersrefersto
thefundamentalattributionerror.IfLeahisassignedasalesterritorywhereconsumersarefromlowincomegroups,thisshowsthatshedoesnotnecessarilylacktheabilitytoperformandthatexternalconstraintsarethereasonforherunderperformance.ItthusweakensNaomi's
assumption.IfLeahoftenarriveslateformeetings,itstrengthensNaomi'sassumptionbecauseit
indicatesthatLeahisnotmotivated.Goodinterpersonalskillsdonotnecessarilymeanthatapersonismotivated,andhence,thisdoesnotweakenNaomi'sassumption.Researchshowingthatthecompany'slargestcompetitorhadalowerturnoverthanthemisirrelevanttothe
assumption.
LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.
AACSB:Reflectivethinking
Difficulty:Hard
Quest.Category:CriticalThinking
13
Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.
35)JohannaMurray,aclimatecampaigneratTheNationalFootprintFoundation,isknowninherorganizationtobeacampaignerofcaliberandhighperformance.Sherecentlyworkedonacampaignagainstglobalwarmingduringwhichsheworkedextremelyhardtoachieveprojectmilestones.However,thecampaignfailedasitcouldnotachievethedesiredobjective.Duetothis,hermanager,BrendaOwens,gaveherapoorperformanceappraisal.Intheappraisal,
BrendasaidthatJohannawasnotmotivatedandfailedtoreachoutto25,000peoplethroughInternetmediatospreadawarenessaboutclimatechange.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,
weakensBrenda'sstatement?
A)JohannalacksexperienceinpublicizingcampaignsusingInternetmedia.
B)BrendawasunabletomaketimeforJohannatobriefheronthetasksinvolvedincarryingoutthecampaign'smediastrategy.
C)Johannarecentlymovedfromtheagriculturecampaigntotheclimatecampaign.
D)Johanna'spreviousjobinvolvedanextensiveamountofresearchingonenvironmentalissues.E)Brendaisknownintheorganizationtobeafairandunbiasedmanager.
Answer:B
Explanation:Individualsandorganizationstendtoattributetheirownsuccessestointernal
factorssuchasabilityoreffortandplacetheblameforfailureonexternalfactorssuchasbad
luckorunproductiveco-workers.Thisisknownasaself-servingbias.IfBrendawereunabletomaketimeforJohannatobriefheronthetasksinvolvedincarryingoutthecampaign'smedia
strategy,thenthisweakenstheargumentbecauseitshowsthatitwasnotentirelyJohanna'sfaultandthatBrendaispartlytoblame.IfJohannalacksexperienceinpublicizingcampaignsusingInternetmedia,itstrengthensBrenda'sstatement.ThefactthatJohannarecentlymovedfromtheagriculturecampaigntotheclimatecampaignandthatJohanna'spreviousjobinvolvedan
extensiveamountofresearchingonenviron
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