2021-04-25 RabbitMQ 七种队列模式应用场景案例分析（通俗易懂）

RabbitMQ七种队列模式应用场景案例分析（通俗易懂）七种模式介绍与应用场景简单模式（HelloWorld）做最简单的事情，一个生产者对应一个消费者，RabbitMQ相当于一个消息代理，负责将A的消息转发给B应用场景：

将发送的电子邮件放到消息队列，然后邮件服务在队列中获取邮件并发送给收件人工作队列模式（Workqueues）在多个消费者之间分配任务（竞争的消费者模式），一个生产者对应多个消费者，一般适用于执行资源密集型任务，单个消费者处理不过来，需要多个消费者进行处理应用场景：

一个订单的处理需要10s，有多个订单可以同时放到消息队列，然后让多个消费者同时处理，这样就是并行了，而不是单个消费者的串行情况订阅模式（Publish/Subscribe）一次向许多消费者发送消息，一个生产者发送的消息会被多个消费者获取，也就是将消息将广播到所有的消费者中。应用场景：

更新商品库存后需要通知多个缓存和多个数据库，这里的结构应该是：一个fanout类型交换机扇出两个个消息队列，分别为缓存消息队列、数据库消息队列一个缓存消息队列对应着多个缓存消费者一个数据库消息队列对应着多个数据库消费者路由模式（Routing）有选择地（Routingkey）接收消息，发送消息到交换机并且要指定路由key，消费者将队列绑定到交换机时需要指定路由key，仅消费指定路由key的消息应用场景：

如在商品库存中增加了1台iphone12，iphone12促销活动消费者指定routingkey为iphone12，只有此促销活动会接收到消息，其它促销活动不关心也不会消费此routingkey的消息主题模式（Topics）根据主题（Topics）来接收消息，将路由key和某模式进行匹配，此时队列需要绑定在一个模式上，#匹配一个词或多个词，*只匹配一个词。应用场景：

同上，iphone促销活动可以接收主题为iphone的消息，如iphone12、iphone13等远程过程调用（RPC）如果我们需要在远程计算机上运行功能并等待结果就可以使用RPC，具体流程可以看图。应用场景：需要等待接口返回数据，如订单支付发布者确认（PublisherConfirms）与发布者进行可靠的发布确认，发布者确认是RabbitMQ扩展，可以实现可靠的发布。在通道上启用发布者确认后，RabbitMQ将异步确认发送者发布的消息，这意味着它们已在服务器端处理。应用场景：

对于消息可靠性要求较高，比如钱包扣款代码演示代码中没有对后面两种模式演示，有兴趣可以自己研究简单模式import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import

java.io.IOException;

import

java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public

class

Sender

{

private

final

static

String

QUEUE_NAME

=

"simple_queue";

public

static

void

main(String[]

args)

throws

IOException,

TimeoutException

{

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

factory.setPort(5672);

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

//

声明队列

//queue：队列名

//durable：是否持久化

//exclusive：是否排外

即只允许该channel访问该队列

一般等于true的话用于一个队列只能有一个消费者来消费的场景

//autoDelete：是否自动删除

消费完删除

//arguments：其他属性

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,

false,

false,

false,

null);

//消息内容

String

message

=

"simplest

mode

message";

channel.basicPublish("",

QUEUE_NAME,

null,

message.getBytes());

System.out.println("[x]Sent

'"

+

message

+

"'");

//最后关闭通关和连接

channel.close();

connection.close();

}

}import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import

java.io.IOException;

import

java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public

class

Receiver

{

private

final

static

String

QUEUE_NAME

=

"simplest_queue";

public

static

void

main(String[]

args)

throws

IOException,

InterruptedException,

TimeoutException

{

//

获取连接

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

factory.setPort(5672);

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,

false,

false,

false,

null);

DeliverCallback

deliverCallback

=

(consumerTag,

delivery)

->

{

String

message

=

new

String(delivery.getBody(),

"UTF-8");

System.out.println("

[x]

Received

'"

+

delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey()

+

"':'"

+

message

+

"'");

};

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,

true,

deliverCallback,

consumerTag

->

{

});

}

}工作队列模式搜索公众号后端架构师后台回复“架构整洁”，获取一份惊喜礼包。import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import

java.io.IOException;

import

java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public

class

Receiver1

{

private

final

static

String

QUEUE_NAME

=

"queue_work";

public

static

void

main(String[]

args)

throws

IOException,

InterruptedException,

TimeoutException

{

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

factory.setPort(5672);

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,

false,

false,

false,

null);

//

同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者

channel.basicQos(1);

DeliverCallback

deliverCallback

=

(consumerTag,

delivery)

->

{

String

message

=

new

String(delivery.getBody(),

"UTF-8");

System.out.println("

[x]

Received

'"

+

delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey()

+

"':'"

+

message

+

"'");

};

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,

true,

deliverCallback,

consumerTag

->

{

});

}

}import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import

java.io.IOException;

import

java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public

class

Receiver2

{

private

final

static

String

QUEUE_NAME

=

"queue_work";

public

static

void

main(String[]

args)

throws

IOException,

InterruptedException,

TimeoutException

{

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

factory.setPort(5672);

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,

false,

false,

false,

null);

//

同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者

channel.basicQos(1);

DeliverCallback

deliverCallback

=

(consumerTag,

delivery)

->

{

String

message

=

new

String(delivery.getBody(),

"UTF-8");

System.out.println("

[x]

Received

'"

+

delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey()

+

"':'"

+

message

+

"'");

};

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,

true,

deliverCallback,

consumerTag

->

{

});

}

}import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import

java.io.IOException;

import

java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public

class

Sender

{

private

final

static

String

QUEUE_NAME

=

"queue_work";

public

static

void

main(String[]

args)

throws

IOException,

InterruptedException,

TimeoutException

{

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

factory.setPort(5672);

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

//

声明队列

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,

false,

false,

false,

null);

for

(int

i

=

0;

i

<

100;

i++)

{

String

message

=

"work

mode

message"

+

i;

channel.basicPublish("",

QUEUE_NAME,

null,

message.getBytes());

System.out.println("[x]

Sent

'"

+

message

+

"'");

Thread.sleep(i

*

10);

}

channel.close();

connection.close();

}

}发布订阅模式import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

public

class

Receive1

{

private

static

final

String

EXCHANGE_NAME

=

"logs";

public

static

void

main(String[]

argv)

throws

Exception

{

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,

"fanout");

String

queueName

=

channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();

channel.queueBind(queueName,

EXCHANGE_NAME,

"");

System.out.println("

[*]

Waiting

for

messages.

To

exit

press

CTRL+C");

//

订阅消息的回调函数

DeliverCallback

deliverCallback

=

(consumerTag,

delivery)

->

{

String

message

=

new

String(delivery.getBody(),

"UTF-8");

System.out.println("

[x]

Received

'"

+

message

+

"'");

};

//

消费者，有消息时出发订阅回调函数

channel.basicConsume(queueName,

true,

deliverCallback,

consumerTag

->

{

});

}

}import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

public

class

Receive2

{

private

static

final

String

EXCHANGE_NAME

=

"logs";

public

static

void

main(String[]

argv)

throws

Exception

{

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,

"fanout");

String

queueName

=

channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();

channel.queueBind(queueName,

EXCHANGE_NAME,

"");

System.out.println("

[*]

Waiting

for

messages.

To

exit

press

CTRL+C");

//

订阅消息的回调函数

DeliverCallback

deliverCallback

=

(consumerTag,

delivery)

->

{

String

message

=

new

String(delivery.getBody(),

"UTF-8");

System.out.println("

[x]

Received2

'"

+

message

+

"'");

};

//

消费者，有消息时出发订阅回调函数

channel.basicConsume(queueName,

true,

deliverCallback,

consumerTag

->

{

});

}

}import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public

class

Sender

{

private

static

final

String

EXCHANGE_NAME

=

"logs";

public

static

void

main(String[]

argv)

throws

Exception

{

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,

"fanout");

String

message

=

"publish

subscribe

message";

channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,

"",

null,

message.getBytes("UTF-8"));

System.out.println("

[x]

Sent

'"

+

message

+

"'");

channel.close();

connection.close();

}

}路由模式import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import

java.io.IOException;

import

java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public

class

Receiver1

{

private

final

static

String

QUEUE_NAME

=

"queue_routing";

private

final

static

String

EXCHANGE_NAME

=

"exchange_direct";

public

static

void

main(String[]

args)

throws

IOException,

TimeoutException

{

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

factory.setPort(5672);

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,

false,

false,

false,

null);

//

指定路由的key，接收key和key2

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,

EXCHANGE_NAME,

"key");

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,

EXCHANGE_NAME,

"key2");

channel.basicQos(1);

DeliverCallback

deliverCallback

=

(consumerTag,

delivery)

->

{

String

message

=

new

String(delivery.getBody(),

"UTF-8");

System.out.println("

[x]

Received

'"

+

delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey()

+

"':'"

+

message

+

"'");

};

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,

true,

deliverCallback,

consumerTag

->

{

});

}

}import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import

java.io.IOException;

import

java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public

class

Receiver2

{

private

final

static

String

QUEUE_NAME

=

"queue_routing2";

private

final

static

String

EXCHANGE_NAME

=

"exchange_direct";

public

static

void

main(String[]

args)

throws

IOException,

TimeoutException

{

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

factory.setPort(5672);

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,

false,

false,

false,

null);

//

仅接收key2

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,

EXCHANGE_NAME,

"key2");

channel.basicQos(1);

DeliverCallback

deliverCallback

=

(consumerTag,

delivery)

->

{

String

message

=

new

String(delivery.getBody(),

"UTF-8");

System.out.println("

[x]

Received

'"

+

delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey()

+

"':'"

+

message

+

"'");

};

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,

true,

deliverCallback,

consumerTag

->

{

});

}

}搜索公众号后端架构师后台回复“面试”，获取一份惊喜礼包。import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import

java.io.IOException;

import

java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public

class

Sender

{

private

final

static

String

EXCHANGE_NAME

=

"exchange_direct";

private

final

static

String

EXCHANGE_TYPE

=

"direct";

public

static

void

main(String[]

args)

throws

IOException,

TimeoutException

{

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

factory.setPort(5672);

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

//

交换机声明

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,

EXCHANGE_TYPE);

//

只有routingKey相同的才会消费

String

message

=

"routing

mode

message";

channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,

"key2",

null,

message.getBytes());

System.out.println("[x]

Sent

'"

+

message

+

"'");

//

channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,

"key",

null,

message.getBytes());

//

System.out.println("[x]

Sent

'"

+

message

+

"'");

channel.close();

connection.close();

}

}主题模式import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import

java.io.IOException;

import

java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public

class

Receiver1

{

private

final

static

String

QUEUE_NAME

=

"queue_topic";

private

final

static

String

EXCHANGE_NAME

=

"exchange_topic";

public

static

void

main(String[]

args)

throws

IOException,

InterruptedException,

TimeoutException

{

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

factory.setPort(5672);

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,

false,

false,

false,

null);

//

可以接收key.1

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,

EXCHANGE_NAME,

"key.*");

channel.basicQos(1);

DeliverCallback

deliverCallback

=

(consumerTag,

delivery)

->

{

String

message

=

new

String(delivery.getBody(),

"UTF-8");

System.out.println("

[x]

Received

'"

+

delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey()

+

"':'"

+

message

+

"'");

};

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,

true,

deliverCallback,

consumerTag

->

{

});

}

}import

com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import

com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import

java.io.IOException;

import

java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public

class

Receiver2

{

private

final

static

String

QUEUE_NAME

=

"queue_topic2";

private

final

static

String

EXCHANGE_NAME

=

"exchange_topic";

private

final

static

String

EXCHANGE_TYPE

=

"topic";

public

static

void

main(String[]

args)

throws

IOException,

InterruptedException,

TimeoutException

{

ConnectionFactory

factory

=

new

ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost("localhost");

factory.setPort(5672);

Connection

connection

=

factory.newConnection();

Channel

channel

=

connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,

false,

false,

false,

null);

//

*号代表单个单词，可以接收key.1

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,

EXCHANGE_NAME,

"*.*");

//

#号代表多个单词，可以接收key.1.2

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,

EXCHANGE_NAME,

"*.#");

channel.basicQos(1);

DeliverCallback

deliverCallback

=

(consumerTag,

delivery)

->

{

String

message

=

new

String(delivery.getBody(),

"UTF-8