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2022年广东省汕头市大学英语6级大学英
语六级测试卷(含答案)
学校:班级:姓名:考号:
一、l.Writing(10题)
1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition,
onthetopicTheImportanceofConfidenle.shouldwriteatleast150words
followingtheoutlinegivenbelow:
1.凡事均应有信心;
2.没有信心的原因;
3.建立信心是可能的。
2.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay
entitledTheMarvelsofMedicineintheTwentiethCentury.Youshouldwrite
atleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:
1.Introduction:Advancesinmedicalscience-themostimportantachieve
mentsmadeinthetwentiethcentury
1.Developmentofvaccinesandantibiotics
2.Discoveriesofnewdiagnosismethods
3.Adventofgeneticengineering,anewbranchofbiology
Concludingremarks:Evengreaterwonderstobewroughtinthe21stcentury
3.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetter.
SupposeyouareLiMing.WritealettertoMartha,ateacherofyoursinthe
seniorhighschool.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlines
givenbelow:
1.得知老师要来伦敦访问非常高兴;
2.介绍自己的学习和生活;
3,希望能带老师参观伦敦。
4.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritea
compositiononthetopic:HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Youshould
writeatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenin
Chinesebelow:
1.面试在求职过程中的作用。
2.取得面试成功的因素:仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实
事求是……
5.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay
entitledMyViewonAutomobiles.Youshouldwriteatleast150words
followingtheoutlinegivenbelow.
1.汽车给人类带来的益处;
2.汽车给人类带来的副作用;
3.我的观点。
6.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay
entitledThePopularityofWesternHolidays.Youshouldwriteatleast150
wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:
1.一些“洋”节日在中国越来越流行。
2.一些中国传统节日反倒无人问津。
3.你如何看待这种现象。
ThePopularityofWesternHolidays
7.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition
onthetopicShouldWeStartOurWork-lifeorGoonwithOurEducation.
Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowin
Chinese:
1.许多大学生毕业生面临着就业和深造的两难境地
2.有人认为他们应该继续深造,有人认为他们应马上就业
3.你的看法
8.Direction:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition
onthetopicOnStress.Youshouldwritenolessthan150wordsandbaseyour
compositionontheonlinebelow.
1.有的人害怕压力。
2.有的人认为压力并不是一件坏事。
3.我的看法。
9.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashort
essaybasedonthefollowingnewsextractedfromanewspaper,commenting
onwhathadhappenedandgivingyourownunderstandingofit.Youshould
writeatleast150wordsandgiveyouressayanappropriatetitle.
1.“香港著名影、视、歌三栖明星张国荣四月一日从香港某高层楼纵身
跳下,自杀身亡……”
——《新民晚报》
10.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritea
compositiononthetopic"ProblemsaboutReducingStudents'HeavyBurden".
Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline
(giveninChinese)below.
1.目前学生负担过重的现状;
2.导致学生负担过重的原因;
3.减轻学生负担过重的措施。
二、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(10题)
11.Thereisnodoubtthatenvironmentalregulation
A.iscumbersome
B.producesaneffect
C.varieswildly
D.needstobestreamlined
12.
Mostparentsadmithavingastrongpreferenceovertheolderchildbecause
theytendtobesadder.
A.YB.NC.NG
13.
WhatwasFranklinRoosevelt'sstatementtosupporttheSocialSecurityAct
accordingtothepassage?
14.
AccordingtoBobbyPeek,targetingthecompanieswouldbedifficultasit
wouldbenear-impossibletoprovethatillnessessufferedwerecausedby
15.
Itisnecessarythatbirdsshouldbetrainedtogetbackhome.
A.YB.NC.NG
16.
China'smostfamousresearchuniversitieshiremostlythosewhoreceived
theirgraduateeducationinU.K.andU.S.intherecentyears.
A.YB.NC.NG
17.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTprobablyareasonforelectricvehicles'"good
time"?~"
A.Risinggasolineprice.
B.Fueleconomy.
C.Affordableprice.
D.Variouschoices.
18.America'sBrainDrainCrisis
LosingtheGlobalEdge
WilliamKunzisaself-describedcomputergeek.Amoreaptdescription
mightbecomputergenius.Whenhewasjust11,Kunzstartedwriting
softwareprograms,andby14hehadcreatedhisownvideogame.Asahigh
schoolsophomoreinHouston,Texas,hewonfirstprizeinalocalsciencefair
foradataencryption(编密石马)programhewrote.Inhissenioryear,hetook
topprizeinaninternationalscienceandengineeringfairfordesigninga
programtoanalyzeandsortDNApatterns.
KunzwentontoattendCarnegieMellon,amongthenation'shighest-ranked
universitiesincomputerscience.AftercollegehelandedajobwithOraclein
SiliconValley,writingsoftwareusedbycompaniesaroundtheworld.
Kurtzlookedsettobecomeastarinhisfield.Thenhegaveitallup.
Today,threeyearslater,KurtzisinhisfirstyearatHarvardBusinessSchool.
Heleftsoftwareengineeringpartlybecausehisearningpotentialpalednext
tofriendswhoweregoingintolaworbusiness.Healsoworriedaboutjob
security,especiallyasmorecompaniesmovetheirprogrammingoverseasto
lowercosts."Everytimeyou'reaskedtotrainsomeoneinIndia,youthink,
'AmItrainingmyreplacement?'"Ktnzsays.
Thingsareturningoutverydifferentlyforanotherstandoutinengineering,
Qing-ShanJia.AstudentatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,Jiashineseven
amonghisgiftedcohorts(——群人)ataschoolsometimescalled"theMITof
China".HeconsideredapplyingtoHarvardforhisPhD,butdecideditwasn't
worthit.
Hisuniversityisinvestingheavilyincutting-edgeresearchfacilities,and
attractsanimpressiverosterofinternationalprofessors."Icangetaworld
classeducationhereandstudywithworld-classscholars,"Jiasays.
Thesetwosnapshots(快照)illustratepartofadeeplydisturbingpicture.In
thedisciplinesunderpinningthehigh-techeconomy-math,scienceand
engineering-Americaissteadilylosingitsglobaledge.Thedepthandbreadth
oftheproblemisclear:
-SeveralofAmerica'skeyagenciesforscientificresearchanddevelopment
willfacearetirementcrisiswithinthenexttenyears.
-Lessthan6%ofAmerica'shighschoolseniorsplantopursueengineering
degrees,down36%fromadecadeago.
-In2000,56%ofChina'sundergraduatedegreeswereinthehardsciences;
intheUnitedStates,thefigurewas17%.
-Chinawilllikelyproducesixtimesthenumberofengineersnextyearthan
Americawillgraduate,accordingtoMikeGibbonsoftheAmericanSociety
forEngineeringEducation.Japan,withhalfAmerica'spopulation,hasminted
(铸造)twiceasmanyinrecentyears.
"MostAmericansareunawareofhowmuchsciencedoesforthiscountryand
whatwestandtoloseifwecan'tkeepup,"saysShirleyAnnJackson,
presidentofRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteandchairoftheAmerican
AssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.DavidBaltimore,presidentof
theCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyandaNobellaureate,putsitbluntly:
"Wecan'thopetokeepintactourstandardofliving,ournationalsecurity,our
wayoflife,ifAmericansaren'tcompetitiveinscience."
TheCrisisAmericansCreated
InJanuary2001,theHart-RudmanCommission,taskedwithfindingsolutions
toAmerica'smajornationalsecuritythreats,concludedthatthefailuresof
America'smathandscienceeducationandAmerica'ssystemofresearch
"poseagreaterthreat...thananypotentialconventionalwar."
Therootsofthisfailurelieinprimaryandsecondaryeducation.Thenation
thatproducedmostofthegreattechnologicaladvancesofthelastcenturynow
scorespoorlyininternationalsciencetesting.A2003surveyofmathand
scienceliteracyrankedAmerican15-year-oldsagainstkidsfrom
A.YB.NC.NG
19.
TheJosephsonInstitutespecializesinstudying.
A.theimportanceofonlineeducation
B.themoralprinciplesamongtheyouth
C.employmentofcollegegraduates
D.collegestudents'learninghabits
20.GeoffreyHealholdsthattohavecompaniesrespondingtofinancial
incentivesratherthantheirownfeelingsisthe.
三、3.ListeningComprehension(10题)
21.(21)
A.Fifteencigarettefighters.
B.Fiftycigarettelighters.
C.Sixtylipsticks.
D.Anidentitycard.
22.听力原文:M:Isentthepackageover10daysagoanditstillhasn'tarrived.
W:Maybeyoushouldsendthenextonebyair.
Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggest?
(17)一
A.Sendingthenextpackageearlier.
B.Waitingpatiently.
C.Usingairfreight.
D.Lookingforthepackage.
23.(24)
A.Tosuggestchangesinthetuitionfees.
B.Toimprovethestudyskillsofuniversitystudents.
C.Togivepeopletheopportunitytospeakwithapolitician.
D.Todiscussgraduationrequirementsforpoliticalsciencemajors.
24.听力原文:M:Excuseme,Prof.Thomson.Iknowyourofficehoursare
tomorrow,butIwaswonderingifyouhaveafewminutesfreenowtodiscuss
something.
W:Sure,John.Whatdoyouwanttotalkabout?
M:Well,Ihavesomequickproblemsabouthowtowritetheresearchproject
thatIdothissemesteraboutClimateChanges.
W:Oh,yes.YouwerelookingforchangesinclimateintheGcityarea,right?
Howfarhaveyoubeengotten?
M:I'vegottenmydata,soI'mstartingtosummarizeitnow,preparinggraph
andstuff.ButI'mjust...I'mlookingatitandI'mafraidthatisnotenough,but
I'mnotsurewhatelsetoputintothereport.
W:Ihearthesamethingfromeverystudent.Youknow,youhavetoremember
nowthatyouaretheexpertonwhatyouhavedone.Sothinkaboutwhatyou
needtoincludeifyou'regoingtoexplainyourresearchprojecttosomeone
withgeneralorcasualknowledgeaboutthesubjectlikeyourparents.That's
usuallymyrule.Wouldmyparentsunderstandthis?
M:Uhh,Igetit.IwaswonderingifIshouldalsoincludethenotesfromthe
researchjournalsyousuggest.
W:Yes,definitely.Besureyouincludegoodreferencesectionwhereallyour
publishedandunpublisheddatacamefrom.
M:Yes.IhavedatamorethanjustintheGcityarea,soIalsoincluderegional
datainthereport.Witheverythingelse,itshouldbeaprettygoodindication
ofclimateofthispartofthestate.
W:Soundsgood.I'llbehappytolookoveradraftbeforeyouhandthefinal
copyifyouwish.
M:Great.IplantogetyouthedraftofthepaperbynextFriday,Thanksvery
much.Seeyou.
W:OK.
(20)
A.Thedatahecollected.
B.Notesfromresearchjournals.
C.Hisresearchproject.
D.Theclimatechangesinhishometown.
25.听力原文:M:Lucy,couldyoudescribewhatyouweredoingatthe
moment?
W:Well,Iwasstillsleepingat6o'clock.Thentherewasthishorriblesound
andthefloorwasjustbouncingandrollinglikewaves,allatthesametime.
Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?
(15)
A.Asnowstorm.
B.Anearthquake.
C.Atrafficaccident.
D.Ahurricane.
26.
[B9]
27.(29)
A.Burrosarerelativesofthehorse.
B.Burroscanadapteasily.
C.Burrosarecommonfarmannals.
D.TherearemanyburrosintheUnitedStates.
28.(28)
A.Peopleworkinginalargefactory.
B.Peoplewalkingoncrowdedcitystreets.
C.Aneverydayactivityinasmalltown.
D.Awell-knownhistoricalevent.
29.听力原文:W:IfIwereyouI'dliveinthecityinsteadofcommutingto
workbytrain.
M:Butthecountryissobeautifulandpleasantinthespringandfall.
Q:Whatdoesthemansuggest?
(14)
A.Sheshouldliveinthecountry.
B.Sheshouldlivenearthespring.
C.Hepreferstoliveinthecountry.
D.Heagreeswiththewoman.
30.听力原文:M:Ireallydon'tknowwhattodothissummer.Ican'tafford
tojustsitaround,andtheredon'tseemtobeanyjobsavailable.
W:Whydon'tyoutryhouse-sitting?LastsummermyfriendMargarethouse-
satfortheDoddswhentheywentawayonvacation.Mr.DoddhiredMargaret
tostayintheirhousebecausehedidn'twantitleftempty.
M:YoumeantheDoddspaidMargaretjusttoliveintheirhouse?
W:Itwasn'tthateasy.Shehadtomowandwaterthehouseplants.Andwhen
Erichouse-satforMr.Cohen,hehadtotakecareofhispets.
M:House-sittingsoundslikeagoodjob.Iguessit'salittlelikebaby-sitting-
exceptyou'retakingcareofahouseinsteadofchildren.
W:Thestudentemploymentofficestillhasafewjobsposted.
M:DoIjusthavetofilloutanapplication?
W:MargaretandErichadtointerviewwiththehouseownersandprovide
threereferenceseach.
M:Thatseemslikealotoftroubleforasummerjob.
W:Thehouseownerswantsomeguaranteethattheycantrustthehouse
sitters.Youknow,theywanttomakesureyou'renotthetypewhowillthrow
wildpartiesintheirhouse,ormovegroupsoffriendsinwithyou.
M:House-sitterswhodothatsortofthingsprobablyaren'tpaidthen.
W:Usuallytheyarepaidanywayjustbecausethehomeownersdon'twantto
makeafuss.Butifthehomeownerreportedit,thenthehouse-sitterwouldn't
beabletogetanotherjob.So,whydon'tyouapply?
(20)一'
A.Gotosummerschool.
B.Takeavacation.
C.Stayathome.
D.Findapart-timejob.
四、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(3题)
31.Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyare
intenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirst
twomonthsofababy'slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.
Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.
Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,
norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.This
attractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebaby
matures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodraw
people,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthem
drewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecardedontheir
mother'sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydo
inothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeither
toencode(把...编码)ordecode(理解)meaning.Infact,Argylereveals
thatthe"properplacetofocusone'sgazeduringaconversationinJapanison
theneckofone'sconversationpartner."
TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericans
iswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforabout
onesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyreestablish
eyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstill
at{entire,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keep
theireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonly
briefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecise
momentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlooking,
thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileye
contactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthis
eyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomes
evidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortof
trafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictable
pauses.
Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare.
A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas
B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld
C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting
D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate
32.1t'salessontaughtateverypoliceacademy(andbycommonsense):if
someonefleesacrimescene,there'sreasontobesuspicious.Andiftheperson
hopsaflighttoLondon,leavingbehindhismurderedwifeanddaughter,and
skippingtheirfuneral,thecaseshouldn'trequireSherlockHolmes.Andso
therewasasenseofrelieflastweekwhenLondonpolicearrestedNeil
Entwistle,27,whowillbeextradited(弓|渡)totheUnitedStatestofacecharges
ofkillinghiswife,Rachel,and9-month-olddaughter,Lillian,inHopkinton,
Massachusetts,onJanuary20.
Thecasehadgottenofftoarockystart.Despiterepeatedsearchesofthe
Entwistlehomebyfamily,neighborsandpolice,thebodieswent
undiscoveredforseveraldays,hiddenunderapileofquiltsinthemaster
bedroom.Theresultinguncertaintyoverthetimeofdeathsledprosecutorsto
admitearlyonthattheycouldn'teventellifEntwistlewasinthecountryat
thetimeofthekillings.Althoughprosecutorsimmediatelycalledthehusband
a"personofinterest,"theyalsoexploredotherangles,includingwhetherthe
killingscouldberelatedtothecouple'suseofeBay,theonlinemarketplace
wherethey'dsoldsoftwarehutrecentlystoppedmakingdeliveries-leaving
buyerscomplainingofbeingfooled.
Lastweek,however,policefinishedanalyzingagunownedbyRachel's
stepfather,andsaidtheyfoundRachel'sDNAonthemuzzle(枪口)andNeil's
onthehandle.SinceNeilknewwherethegunwaskeptandhadkeystohis
in-lawshome,policebelieveNeilusedtheguntocommitthecrimeandthen
returnedittohisin-laws'guncasebeforeheadingtotheairport.
PolicesaythatEntwistle'sonlystatementaboutthecasewasmadeduringthe
phonecallinwhichauthoritiesinformedhimthatthey'dfoundthebodies.In
thatconversation,Entwistle—whohasnotyetenteredaplea-toldpolice
hemreturnedhomefromanerrand(差事)andfoundthebodieshimself,then
contemplatedsuicidebeforechanginghismindandbuyingaone-wayticket
totakerefugeathisparents'homenorthofLondon.
Thepolicesayhislargerconcern,however,wasthefamily'stroubledfinances.
Neil,anunemployedelectricalengineer,hadrackedupthousandsofdollars
ofdebt,someofitborrowedtolaunchabusinesshelpingclientssetupWeb
sites.Thecouplehadrecentlysigneda$2,700-a-monthleaseonahomein
Hopkinton,andit'snotclearhowthey'dpayforit.Entwistlehatchedthehalf
completedmurder-suicideplan,prosecutorsbelieve,inanattempttoescape
hisfinancialproblems.
Thepolicemetdifficultiesatthebeginningofthecasethat.
A.theycouldn'tfindoutNeil'smotivesofkilling
B.theyhadnoideawhomightbethecriminal
C.thebodiescouldn'tprovethekillingbyNeil
D.theycouldnotknowwhenNeilleftforLondon
33.
Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe
A.MedicalPractice
B.CleverAdvertising
C.Self-Medication
D.Self-Treatment
五、5.ErrorCorrection©题)
34.
[sio]
35.
[S2]
36.
[S9]
六、6.ErrorCorrection©题)
37.
[S4]
38.
[S6]
39.
[S2]
参考答案
l.TheImportanceofConfidenceWhateveronedoesoneshoulddoitwith
confidence.Ifonehadnoconfidencethereislittlepossibilitythatonewould
everachieveanythingespeciallywhenoneisfacedwithdrawbacksor
hardships.Thistruthseemstobeself-evident.Howeverinrealitywedoseea
lotofpeoplewhocomplainthattheylacktheabilitytodosomethingorthat
theirdifficultiesaretoogreattoovercome.Forsomethismightbetrue.But
formanythisonlyshowsthattheyhavelostheart.Whydopeopleoftenfeel
frustratedeventhoughtheyarequitecapableofdoingsomething?Thereare
amongotherstwomainreasons.Firstthesepeopledonothaveacorrect
estimateofthemselves.Secondtheyoverestimatethedifficulties.Itis
possibletobuildupfaithinoneselfbyhavingthefightattitudetoone'sown
abilities.Weshouldneverunderestimateourabilitiesbutshouldbelievein
theproverb:"Thereisawillthereisaway."Confidenceisthepremisefor
fulfillingatasksuccessfully.TheImportanceofConfidenceWhateverone
does,oneshoulddoitwithconfidence.Ifonehadnoconfidence,thereislittle
possibilitythatonewouldeverachieveanything,especiallywhenoneisfaced
withdrawbacksorhardships.Thistruthseemstobeself-evident.However,
inrealitywedoseealotofpeoplewhocomplainthattheylacktheabilityto
dosomethingorthattheirdifficultiesaretoogreattoovercome.Forsome,
thismightbetrue.Butformanythisonlyshowsthattheyhavelostheart.
Whydopeopleoftenfeelfrustratedeventhoughtheyarequitecapableof
doingsomething?Thereare,amongothers,twomainreasons.First,these
peopledonothaveacorrectestimateofthemselves.Second,they
overestimatethedifficulties.Itispossibletobuildupfaithinoneselfby,
havingthefightattitudetoone'sownabilities.Weshouldneverunderestimate
ourabilitiesbutshouldbelieveintheproverb:"Thereisawill,thereisaway."
Confidenceisthepremiseforfulfillingatasksuccessfully.
2.THEMARVELSOFMEDICINEINTHETWENTIETHCENTURY
Lookingbackthetwentiethcenturyhasseennumerousscientificand
technologicachievementsandwhatstandouthighaboveothersareadvances
inmedicalscience.Theirresultshaveclearlybeenshowninthreeareas
developmentofvaccinesandantibioticsdiscoveriesofnewdiagnosis
methodsandtheadventofgeneticengineeringasanewbranchoflearning.
Eversincemedicalresearchersstartedtodevisewaysofpreventinggerms
invadingthebodyandoffightingthemoncetheydidthequalityoflifefor
peopleintheworldhasremarkablyimproved.Todaysmallpoxisaforgotten
diseaseandvaccinationsarenolongerrequired.Polioisundercontrolandthe
vaccineiswidelyavailable.Thedevelopmentofsuchantibioticsaspenicillin
hashelpedmanypeoplerecoverfromseriousillness.Overthepastdecades
moreandmoredoctorshavecometorealizetheimportanceofdetecting
changesinthebodyatanearlystage.Moderndiagnosisbeganintheearly
1900swiththediscoveryofX-rays.Withthepassageoftimenewmethods
forviewingtheinteriorofthebodywerebroughtoutoneafteranother.In
recentyearsultrasonicwavesmagneticresonanceandothertechniqueshave
madeitpossibletodetectanythinginthebodythatisbeginningtobe
abnormal.Medicaladvanceshavebeenmovinginevenmorefundamental
directions.Scientistshavefoundthatthebodymachineryisdirectedbythe
genes.Researchesinthisfieldhaveevolvedintoanewbranchoflearning一
geneticengineering.Itwasonlyinthe1950sthatscientistsdiscoveredthe
kindofstructuresthegeneshave.Andattheendofthetwentiethcenturythe
first"roughmap"ofthehumangeneticcodewascompleted.Thiswasreferred
toasa"majorscientificmilestone"whichmightleadtoamorefullyunder
standingofthegenesthatmakepeoplesusceptibletocancerAIDS
Parkinson'sorAlzheimer's.Witheachimportantdiscoverythepracticeof
medicinehasundergonearevolution.Themedicaladvancesmadeinthe
twentiethcenturyhavenotonlyimprovedthelivesofmanypeoplebutalso
laidasolidfoundationforfurtherdevelopmentinmedicine.AndIdobelieve
thatinthe21stcenturyscientistswillworkevengreaterwondersinthearea
ofmedicalscienceandeventuallyfindcurestowhatarenowcalled
"incurable"diseases.THEMARVELSOFMEDICINEINTHE
TWENTIETHCENTURYLookingback,thetwentiethcenturyhasseen
numerousscientificandtechnologicachievements,andwhatstandouthigh
aboveothersareadvancesinmedicalscience.Theirresultshaveclearlybeen
showninthreeareas,developmentofvaccinesandantibiotics,discoveriesof
newdiagnosismethods,andtheadventofgeneticengineeringasanew
branchoflearning.Eversincemedicalresearchersstartedtodevisewaysof
preventinggermsinvadingthebody,andoffightingthemoncetheydid,the
qualityoflifeforpeopleintheworldhasremarkablyimproved.Today
smallpoxisaforgottendisease,andvaccinationsarenolongerrequired.Polio
isundercontrolandthevaccineiswidelyavailable.Thedevelopmentofsuch
antibioticsaspenicillinhashelpedmanypeoplerecoverfromseriousillness.
Overthepastdecadesmoreandmoredoctorshavecometorealizethe
importanceofdetectingchangesinthebodyatanearlystage.Modem
diagnosisbeganintheearly1900swiththediscoveryofX-rays.Withthe
passageoftime,newmethodsforviewingtheinteriorofthebodywere
broughtoutoneafteranother.Inrecentyears,ultrasonicwaves,magnetic
resonanceandothertechniqueshavemadeitpossibletodetectanythingin
thebodythatisbeginningtobeabnormal.Medicaladvanceshavebeen
movinginevenmorefundamentaldirections.Scientistshavefoundthatthe
bodymachineryisdirectedbythegenes.Researchesinthisfieldhaveevolved
intoanewbranchoflearning-geneticengineering.Itwasonlyinthe1950s
thatscientistsdiscoveredthekindofstructuresthegeneshave.Andattheend
ofthetwentiethcenturythefirst"roughmap"ofthehumangeneticcodewas
completed.Thiswasreferredtoasa"majorscientificmilestone,"whichmight
leadtoamorefullyunderstandingofthegenesthatmakepeoplesusceptible
tocancer,AIDS,Parkinson'sorAlzheimer's.Witheachimportantdiscovery,
thepracticeofmedicinehasundergonearevolution.Themedicaladvances
madeinthetwentiethcenturyhavenotonlyimprovedthelivesofmany
peoplebutalsolaidasolidfoundationforfurtherdevelopmentinmedicine.
AndIdobelievethatinthe21stcenturyscientistswillworkevengreater
wondersintheareaofmedicalscienceandeventuallyfindcurestowhatare
nowcalled"incurable"diseases.
3.ALettertoMyTeacherMarch232006DearMissMarthaIhavebeen
missingyouallthetimedearteacher.Iamsogladtoknowthatyouare
planningtocometoLondonfaravisitthissummervacation.I'meagerly
lookingforwardtoseeingyouhereassoonaspossible.IhavebeeninLondon
foralmostayear.ThistermItakefourcourses:Englishhistorysociologyand
internationallaw.Theyareinterestingandbeneficial.Ilikethemverymuch.
Ihaveadaptedtothelifestylehere.NowIamlivingwithanEnglishgirlof
myagewhoismajoringinChinese.Sheiswarm-heartedtomeoftentaking
timetohelpmewithmyEnglishandtellingmemanyfunnystoriesabout
Englishcustoms.InreturnIhaveofferedhelptoimproveherChinese.We're
gettingalongwellwitheachother.IhopethatIcanserveasyourguidewhen
youcomehereonatourinthecomingsummervacation.Iwillshowyou
aroundLondontheworldfamousculturalcity.I'msureyouwillbedeeply
impressedbywhatyousee.Bestregards!YoursgratefullyLiMingALetter
toMyTeacherMarch23,2006DearMissMartha,Ihavebeenmissingyou
allthetime,dearteacher.Iamsogladtoknowthatyouareplanningtocome
toLondonfaravisitthissummervacation.I'meagerlylookingforwardto
seeingyouhereassoonas
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