科技英语期末复习题库

单词：Unit1internalcombustionengine内燃机transmission传动装置，变速器clutch离合器gear排挡pedestrian行人cumbersome笨重的boiler锅炉gallon加仑（容量单位）condenser冷凝器crank曲柄backfire逆火，回火electricstarter电发动机churnout大量生产marginalisation边缘化feedwaterpump给水泵consign使处于；把……置于carbonmonoxide一氧化碳nitrogenoxide氧化氮throttle节流阀heatresistantcoating耐高温涂层spin-off副产品emission排放物；排放量diesel柴油（机）shakeup重大改变Unit2motor运动的rudimentary未成熟的feat功绩；壮举medic医生physician（内科）医生telemedicine远程医疗ultrasound超声波vein静脉carotidartery颈动脉endovascular血管内的bloodvessel血管torso躯干videofeed视频反馈infraredlight红外线high-resolution高分辨率的stereoscopic立体的aluminium铝tendon筋，腱incision切口automaton机器人Unit3grail圣杯cardiovascular心血管的cardiac心脏（病）的aerospace航空与航天空间valve（心脏的）瓣膜circulatory循环的bug瑕疵brushlessmotor无电刷电动机pericardium围心，心包膜membrane薄膜，隔膜polyurethane聚亚安酯hydraulicfluid液压机液体Unit4entrepreneur企业家savvy懂行的monetize用……来赚钱permalink永久链接Unit5tout兜售elixir长生不老药alchemist炼金术士gullible易受骗的，轻信的longevity长寿lucre金钱收益；利润carbohydrate碳水化合物elasticity弹性superimpose添加，附加parasitic由寄生虫引起的inadvertent不经意的，出于无心的demise死亡vehemently强烈地purport声称envision预见，展望militate产生作用或影响burgeoning迅速发展的paucity少量，不足putative假定存在的Unit6Bascule活动结构seesaw跷跷板mast桅杆pier桥墩Helmet头盔barge驳船caisson沉箱rivet铆钉Cantilever悬臂snugly合适地Abutment桥台scaffolding支架Unit7giveuptheghost不能运转，报废lifespan使用期whitegoods大型家用电器whiz(z)发出飕飕声takeitstoll造成损失conkout出故障premature提前的；过早的scrap抛弃Refund退还shellout花费，支付paramount最重要的Unit8intuitive直观的constellation星座；一系列orbit轨道trilateration三边测量（术）radii半径（radius的复数）electromagnetic电磁的pseudo-randomcode伪随机码Nanosecond十亿分之一秒inanutshell简言之Gauge测量almanac年鉴翻译Unit3：Theyneededtheultimateinreliability,andtheanswercamefromdesignmethodologies,testingstrategiesandknow-howfortheelectronicsonsatellites.译：他们需要最终的可靠性，而答案来自于卫星电子设备的设计方法、测试策略和诀窍。Wetryhardtomakesurethateverysinglepartwillfunctionasplannedforthedurationofthedevice.译：我们努力确保在设备运行期间每个部件都能按计划工作。It'salsoagreatexampleofhowadvancedspacetechnologyandexpertisecanbenefitourliveshereonEarthinaconcreteway.译：这也是一个很好的例子，说明先进的空间技术和专门知识如何以具体的方式造福我们在地球上的生活。Spaceengineerstoleratenointerruptionsorbugsintheirelectronics.译：太空工程师不能容忍他们的电子设备出现中断或错误。(5)ItthencommandsthesatellitetoperformfunctionslikepointinganantennatoEarthorrotatingitssolarwingstowardstheSun.译：然后，它命令卫星执行诸如将天线指向地球或将其太阳翼朝向太阳的功能。Unit4:Perhapsthegreatestbenefitisthatyou'lllearnyoudohavesomethingofvaluetosharewiththeworld.译：也许最大的好处是你会发现你确实有一些有价值的东西可以与世界分享。Anyofthemcouldstarttheirownonlinebusinessesandgetaheadfinanciallyatayoungage.译：他们中的任何一个都可以在年轻的时候就开始自己的网络业务（网上生意），并在经济上取得进步（成功）。Itpainedmetovisitsomeofthosesitesandnoticeadozenglaringmistakeswithinthefirstfewseconds.译：我很痛苦（痛心）地访问了其中的一些网站，在最初的几秒钟内发现了十几处明显的错误ThisisthekindofsolutionI'drecommendinaheartbeatformynon-programmerfriendswhowanttogetsomethinggoingonlinebutquicklybecomelostinaseaofjargon.译：对于我那些非程序员的朋友们来说，这是一种我马上就会推荐的解决方案，他们想在网上做些事情，但很快就会迷失在术语的海洋中。(5)Peoplereallyshouldn'tbedeprivedofthisopportunityfortechnicalreasons.译：人们真的不应该因为技术原因而被剥夺这个机会。（确实不应该因为技术原因而剥夺人们这个机会。）Unit5:Theprospectofimmortalityhasalwayshaduniversalappeal.译：永生的前景一直具有普遍的吸引力。Anydiscussionofagingshouldfirstclarifyitsterms.译：任何关于衰老的讨论都应该首先澄清它的术语Age-relatedconditionsaresuperimposedonaging,notequivalenttoit.译：与年龄相关的条件是叠加在衰老之上的，而不是等同于衰老。Justasanautomobiledoesnothaveabuilt-inplanfordeclinewritteninitsblueprints,wedonotpossessgeneticinstructionsthattellourbodieshowtoageorwhentodie.译：正如汽车的蓝图中没有一个内在的衰退计划，我们也没有告诉身体如何老化或何时死亡的基因指令。Thehawkingofanti-aging"therapies"hastakenaparticularlytroublingturnoflate.译：抗衰老“疗法”的兜售最近发生了一个特别令人不安的转变。ThemovetobuyingonlinehasalsobrokenthelinkbetweenconsumersandlocalbusinessesSuchbusinessesonceservicedeverythingtheysold,sometimeswaybeyonditsofficialguaranteeperiod.译：网购的举动也打破了消费者和当地企业之间的联系。这些企业曾经为他们出售的所有产品提供服务，有时甚至远远超过了官方的保修期。WhenpeopletalkaboutaGPS.theyusuallymeanaGPSreceiver.TheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)isactuallyaconstellationof27Earth-orbitingsatellites(24inoperationandthreeextrasincaseonefails).译：当人们谈论“GPS”时通常指的是GPS接收器。全球定位系统GPS)实际上是一个由27颗地球轨道卫星组成的星座(其中24颗在运行另外3一颗失效的情况下)。(20)Thecruelandunfairpartofonlinebusinessisthatifyouaren’tveryInternetsavvy,you’llmakemistakesonthetechnicalsidethatyou’retotallyobliviousto.译：网上交易的残酷和不公平之处在于，如果你不是很精通网络，你会在技术方面犯一些你完全没有意识到的错误。Miniatureinspectionrobotsareideallysuitedtothesetasksbecausetheycanprovidevaluablehigh-resolution,real-timevideoandotherdataegardingtheconditionorstatusofaremotelocationwiththeplant9e0rcomponenmnaddontopertorminglightworkcapacitysuchasloosepartsretrievals.译：微型检测机器人非常适合于这些任务，因为它们除了执行轻量工作能カ(如松散部件回收)外，还可以提供有关工厂、系统或部件的远程位置的条件或状态的有价值的高分辨率实时视频和其他数据。Unit1restfromas andreduce in internalmorehaveInternalcombustionengines______theirowninherentdrawbacks.Theydependonfossilfuels,afiniteresourcelikelytobecomeever______expensive.Andtheyproducepollutantsincludingcarbonmonoxideandnitrogenoxides.Steamcarscouldusearangeoffuelsandtheircontinuouspower—availableevenwhentheyareat______—lendsitselftomodemtraffic,withonlylighttouchesofthethrottleandbrakeneededtostopandstart.Modemtechnologycould_______manyofthehistoricproblemsofsteamcars.Lightweightmaterials______heatresistantcoatingscoulddrasticallyreducetheweightoftheboilerandcondenser,andwaterretentioncouldbemaximised.Starttimeswithmodemboilerscouldbereduced______minutestoseconds.Somecarcompanieshaveresearchedanddevelopedsteamtechnologyovertheyears.mostnotably______the1990swiththeVolkswagenspin-of,EnginionAG.Thiswasasteamenginewithefficiencycomparabletomodem______combustionengineswithloweremissions.Sincethen,CycloneTechnologieshasdevelopedanewsteamenginewhichitclaimsisalmosttwice______efficientasaninternalcombustionengine.Unit2gravity重力remote遥远的breathe呼吸nurse护士potential潜在的,可能的problem问题Earth地球shake抖动four四roll使滚动Itwon’tpanicinanemergency;itshandsdon’t________aftertoolittlesleep;itwon’tmissafamilyaftermonthsawayfrombase-infactitdoesn’tevenneedto_______Nasa’sRovonaut2hasthemakingsoftheperfectspacesurgeon.ThehumanoidhasalreadybeenpostedtotheInternationalSpaceStationandtheonly______isitsmotorskillsaresomewhatrudimentaryatthemoment.Intruth,itcan’tevenwalkinzero______yet,andperhapsitsmostimpressivephysicalfeattodatehasbeentocatchafloating_______ofduct-tape.ButNasahashighhopesforthenewrecruit,andtechniquesbeingdevelopedbyateamonthegroundcouldmeanthemachinecaneventuallyperformlife-savingoperationsonitsteam-mates.“theideaisforhimtobethebestmedic,_______,andphysician,”DrZsoltGarmamioftheHoustonMethodistHospitaltellstheBBC.“OurplanistouseRobonautasatelemedicinedoctorin________areas.”AsRobonaut’snamesuggests,itisnotalone.Therearecurrently______versionsoftheandroidwithmoreindevelopment.Oneofthemisbeingtrainedon_______tofindapulseinadummy’sneckusingultrasound,thentostickaneedleintoavein.“youwanttoavoidhittingthecarotidartery,”DrGaramisays.Therobothasgreat_________forprecisework,hesays.Forexample,onceitcangiveaninjection,itwillbeabletofindthesamespotonahumanbodyandusethesameanglefortheneedleagain.Unit3thatsure performasdisappointingStopschanceelectronicsthanstandEqually,spaceengineerstoleratenointerruptionsorbugsintheirelectronics.TeammemberDungVo-Quoc,whodesignedsomeofthevital______fortheheart,pointsout:“Ifyoursatellitestopsworkingduringthefinalpenaltyofthefootballworldcup,it's_________.Butifaheart______beatingforfiveseconds,it'sfatal.Wetryhardtomake______thateverysinglepartwillfunctionasplannedforthedurationofthedevice."It'sthisneedforlongtermdependability______makesthequalitythresholdforspaceelectronicshigher______anyotherfieldEverycomponenthastobetestedmeticulouslytomakesureitwill______thetestoftime,evenintheharshestconditions.Nothingisleftto______Everyoneofthe900tinycomponentsintheCarmatheartmustfunctionperfectly.Just______theywouldforsatellites,theteamusedadvancedmodelinganddigitalsimulationtechnologiesanddevelopedlatest-generationtestbenchesto______thoroughanalysis.ForCarmat'sTechnicalDirector,MarcGrimme,itwasarevelation,“Ihadn'trealizedquitehowdemandingthetestingisforspacecraftIknewthemilitaryhadhighstandards,butinspacethebarisevenhigher.”Unit4ofwithwithoutentrepreneurowninthanfrombutshouldIlovethelifestylethatcomes______runninganonlinebusiness.Igettoworkfromhomeeachday,setmy______hours,choosemyownprojects,andenjoyabundantincome.It'shardformetoimaginehowI'dfeedmyself______theInternet.WhenIthinkaboutincomegeneration,Iimmediatelythinkoftheweb.Iwastalkingtoasuccessful______recentlywhopointedoutthatbuildinganonlinebusinessisanexerciseinpersonaldevelopmentHe'sabsolutelyrightI'veprobablylearnedmorevaluablelifelessonsfrommyentrepreneurialpursuits______fromanyotherareasofmylife.Runningabusinesstestsyou______somanyways-yourself-discipline,yourintelligence,yourcommunicationskills,yourfocus,etc.Ifyou'relackinginany______theseareas,yourbusinessresultswillreflectitIntheageoftheInternet,Ithinkalmosteveryone______haveanonlinebusinessifonlyforthegrowthexperience.Itdoesn'tcostmuchtostartone,______itwillteachyousomuch.Perhapsthegreatestbenefitisthatyou'lllearnyoudohavesomethingofvaluetoshare______theworld.somethingthatcangenerateincomeforyoufortherestofyourlife.Unit5thatofasadditiontodevelopedwhichforhaveAnydiscussion______agingshouldfirstclarifyitsterms.Variousdefinitions______beenproposed,butwethinkofagingastheaccumulationofrandomdamagetothebuildingblocksoflife-especiallytoDNA,certainproteins,carbohydratesandlipids(fats)-thatbeginsearlyinlifeandeventuallyexceedsthebody'sself-repaircapabilities.Thisdamagegraduallyimpairsthefunctioningofcells,tissues,organsandorgansystems,therebyincreasingvulnerabilitytodiseaseandgivingrisetothecharacteristicmanifestationsofaging,such______alossofmuscleandbonemass,adeclineinreactiontime,compromisedhearingandvision,andreducedelasticityoftheskin.Aging,inourview,makesusevermoresusceptibletosuchillsasheartdisease,Alzheimer'sdisease,strokeandcancer,buttheseage-relatedconditionsaresuperimposedonaging,notequivalent______itTherefore,evenifsciencecouldeliminatetoday'sleadingkillersofolderindividuals,agingwouldcontinuetooccur,ensuringthatdifferentmaladieswouldtaketheirplace.In______.itwouldguaranteethatonecrucialbodycomponentoranother—say,thecardiovascularsystem—wouldeventuallyexperienceacatastrophicfailureItisaninescapablebiologicalreality______oncetheengineoflifeswitcheson,thebodyinevitablysowstheseedsofitso