Unit+4+History+And+Traditions+Discovering+Useful+Structures+非谓语动词做定语课件 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念：动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：todo2、动词的ing:doing3、动词的过去分词：done谓语动词的时态和语态

一般式动词不定式主动被动todotobedone动词ing形式主动doing被动beingdone动词过去分词被动done非一、过去分词作定语1．过去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。ThepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofCholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。Therecoveredanimalswillbereleasedsoon.痊愈的动物很快会被释放。[名师点津](1)有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。Therearefewtigersleft.Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasurestoprotectthemfromdyingout.剩余的老虎不多了，是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。(2)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词，或是指示代词those等，单个过去分词放在被修饰词的后面。Isthereanythingunsolved？还有什么没解决的吗？(2)后置定语

过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。LastTuesdayinamountainousarea,therewereatotalof173sheepkilledalmostimmediately(＝whichwerekilledalmostimmediately)whenlightningstruck.上周二在一个山区，当雷击发生时有173只羊当场死亡。单句语法填空①Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.②Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudyconducted(conduct)inAustraliain2018.③Heisateacherloved(love)byhisstudents.④Thegirl,brought(bring)upbyheruncle，hasbeguntoworknow.2．过去分词作定语时的意义

(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也表示无时间性。Trucksandbusesweredrivenongascarriedinlargebagsontheroof.卡车和汽车都是靠装在顶部大袋子里的气体来推动前进的。(表示被动)Theplanputforwardatthemeetingwillbecarriedoutsoon.会上提出的计划将很快被执行。(表示被动和完成)(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只强调动作完成(不表示被动意义)。Ourretiredsoccercoachwenttowatchusplayagamelastweek.上周，我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。Therisensunisshiningbrightlyinthemorning.初升的太阳在早晨明亮地照耀着。现在分词(短语)作定语现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。也可表示存在的状态或一般情况。ShewentonboardthetrainleavingforShanghai.＝Shewentonboardthetrain,whichwasleavingforShanghai.Tellthechildrenplayingthere(正在那边玩的)nottomakesomuchnoise.Helivesinaroomfacingsouth(朝南的).三、动词不定式作定语

动词不定式作定语表示将来动作，放在所修饰的名词或代词后，与所修饰词有动宾关系，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般用主动语态。如果该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Ihavemuchtodo.Ihaveaquestiontoask.Shehasabighousetolivein.Thelonelymanhasnoonetotalkto.注意：1）不定式做定语，句子找不出逻辑主语或不定式的逻辑主语不是句中的主语时，则一般用被动语态.Herbossgotalotofletterstobetyped.WeareinvitedtoapartytobeheldinourclubnextFriday.I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?（post与主语you之间不存在主被动关系，只和前面letter构成动宾关系。）2）当被修饰的名词前有thefirst,thesecond,theonly,thenext,thebest,thelast等序数词或形容词最高级，用不定式作定语。Hewasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.Themangeristhelasttocometothemeeting.3)以下名词常用不定式作定语（plan,chance,right,opportunity,way,time,ability，attempt）Itistimetogotowork.Itishiswaytodealwithproblem.(那是他处理问题的方法。)过去分词、现在分词和不定式作定语的区别过去分词done被动关系，动作已经完成现在分词doing主动关系，动作正在进行

beingdone被动关系，动作正在进行不定式todo主动关系，动作尚未发生

tobedone被动关系，动作尚未发生Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourteachingbuilding.去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourteachingbuilding.现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourteachingbuilding.下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。单句语法填空①Thecarsbeingsold(sell)atthemarketnowaremadeinGuangzhou.②TsinghuaUniversity，founded(found)in1911，ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.③Therearestillmanyproblemstobesolved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.一、语法填空1.Thebosswouldn'tlikethetopicdiscussed(discuss)atthemeeting.2.Thebookswritten(write)byhimarepopular.3.WhenIgotthere，Ifoundtherepaired(repair)farmtools.4.Mostcollegesnowofferstudentsacoursespeciallydesigned(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.5.Iliketheoldhousebuilt(build)ofwoodandmud.用过去分词（短语）作定语改写下面的句子1.Mostofthepeoplewhohadbeenquestionedwerestudents.→Mostofthepeoplequestionedwerestudents.2.Thebookswhichwereboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.→Thebooksboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.3.Doyouknowthenumberofthebookswhichhavebeenordered？→Doyouknowthenumberofthebooksordered？4.Hethrewawaythesweaterwhichhadbeenwornout.→Hethrewawaythewornoutsweater.选择1．C

2．D3