Unit+1+Back+to+School+Reading+知识点讲义 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册

Unit1ReadingSeniorhighschoolbringsalotofnewexperiencestoeveryone.Thespeechbelowwasgiventonewseniorhighschoolstudentsbytheirprincipal,MrXu,onthefirstdayofterm.Beforeyoureadthespeechtranscript,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:Howdoyouthinkseniorhighschoolwillbedifferentfromjuniorhighschool?Whatdoyouthinktheprincipalwilltalkaboutinhisspeech?bringsth.to/forsb.bringsth.withsb.bringback使回忆起bringout出版bringdown降低；击落bringup抚养bringover说服；使相信bringunder制服experiencen.①经历；②经验（不可数）v.经历thespeechbelow/aboveRealizingyourpotentialpotentialadj.潜在的，可能的n.①可能性，潜在性;②潜力潜质potentialcustomers潜在的客户apotentialsourceofconflict潜在的冲突根源thepotentialforchange变革的可能性havethepotentialtodosth.有做某事的可能同源词：potentiallyadv.潜在地potentadj.有效的；强有力的realize①意识到；②实现realizeone’sdream/goal/ambition/potential替换：cometofruitionpara1:Hello,everyone!Welcometoseniorhighschool!Todayisthestartofanewterm,thestartofathree-yearjourneyandthestartofapromisingfuture.rhetoricaldevice:parallelismathree-yearjourneyaneight-yearjourneypromisingadj.有希望的；有前途的同源词promisev.①许诺promisesth.tosb.=promisesb.sth.promisetodosth.②预示promisetobe有望成为promisesth.预示着…n.①诺言make/keep/breakapromisetodosth./ofsth.②获得成功的迹象Herworkshowsgreatpromise.她的作品显示前途大有希望。para2:Ican'twaittodescribetoyouwhatseniorhighschoollifeislike.Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges:anewenvironment,newknowledgeandnewwaysofthinking.However,forthoseofyouwithapositivemind,opportunityliesineachchallenge.Whenyourisetothechallenges,youwillhavetheopportunitytoacquiregreatknowledgeandenjoypersonalgrowth.Mostimportantly,yourtimeandeffortatseniorhighschoolwillopenthedoortoyourpotential.can’twaittodosth.迫不及待去做某事can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事表示迫不及待做某事的其他形式：beeagertodosth;bethirstytodosth;bedyingtodosth;longtodosth;desiretodosth;beanxioustodosth;bekeentodosth.describev.描述n.description~ofsth.describesth.to/forsb.describesb./sth.assth.熟词生义：做…运动；形成…形状Thesharkdescribedacirclearoundtheshoaloffish.这条鲨鱼围绕着鱼群游动。-cribe同根词：prescribev.开药方prescribesb.sth.ascribev.把…归于acribe…to…inscribev.在…上写/题/刻inscribeAon/inBtranscribev.抄写，抄录subscribev.订阅；赞成subscribetosth.whatseniorhighschoollifeislikewhat’s…like“...怎么样”whatdoes…looklike“…长什么样”②宾语从句用陈述语序aworldfullofchallengesbefullof=befilledwith充满challengen.挑战；怀疑vt.向…挑战；对…质疑meet/take/risetoonthechallenge迎接挑战challengesbtosth向某人挑战…challengesb.toagameofchesschallengesbtodosth向某人挑战做某事同源词：challengingadj.具有挑战性的；不赞成的易混淆：chance机会change改变rhetoricaldevice:parallelismapositivemind①positiveadj.积极乐观的;有助益的；表示赞同的;阳性的；正极的n.优点;阳性结果(或反应)haveapositiveattitudeto（towards）…对…持有乐观的态度bepositiveabout…对…乐观；对…自信onthepositiveside从好的方面看positiveeffects积极的效果negativeadj.消极的；否定的；阴性的neutraladj.中立的；中性的mindn.大脑；思维方式；富有才智的人；心思；记忆力v.介意；当心，注意keep/bearsth.inmindbe/gooutofyourmind发疯bring/callsth.tomind想起makeupyourmindliein存在于havetheopportunitytodosth.有机会做某事同：chancehavetheopportunityforsth./doingsth./ofdoingsth.acquiregreatknowledgeacquirev.（通过努力）获得；购得n.acquirementacquisition表示“得到”的其他词：obtain（较正式）;gain;earn;win;get-qurie同根词inquirev.询问requirev.需要enquirev.询问enjoypersonalgrowthpersonaladj.个人的；亲自做的=inpersonpersonalityn.性格；特色；名人；魅力growthn.成长；增加effort努力bendyoureffortstosth.专心致志于sparenoeffortstodosth.不遗余力做某事辨析：effect效果；影响

para3:“Whatispotential?”youmayask.Putsimply,potentialisyournaturalabilitythatcanbedevelopedwhenyoutryhardenough.Whoknowswhatbeautifulworksofartyouwillcreate,whatmedicaladvancesyouwillmakeorwhatamazingtechnologiesyouwilldevelop!Thepossibilitiesareendless,andIhaveconfidenceinyourabilitytomakeadifferencetoyourfamily,toyourcommunityandtoourcountry.Overthenextthreeyears,youwilldiscoveryourpotentialwhileyoudevelopasastudentandasaperson.naturaladj.自然的；天生的；正常的n.有天赋的人naturaldisastersnaturalresourcesanaturalleadertodieofnaturalcauses自然死亡Heisanaturalfortherole.同源词：naturen.自然界；天性；本质；种类thebeautiesofnaturethelawsofnatureSheissensitivebynature.她生性敏感。thechangingnatureofsocietybooksofascientificnature科学类书籍tryhardenoughhardadv.努力地；猛烈地adj.坚硬的；困难的；困苦的；努力的；猛烈的；苛刻的；寒冷的；酒精浓度高的；硬的（水）；确凿的（证据）ahardworkerhardevidence确凿证据ahardwinter寒冷的冬天hardliquor烈酒hardwater硬水（含钙镁盐较多）反：softwaterbehardonsb.严厉对待hardasnails冷酷无情ahardnut棘手的问题enoughenough+n.adj./adv.+enoughrhetoricaldevice:parallelismadvancen.前进;进步;进展v.前进，发展，进步;促进inadvanceadv.预先，提前inadvanceof超过；在…前recentadvancesinmedicalscience医学的最新进展Theyhadadvanced20milesbynightfall.夜幕降临时，他们已推进了20英里advanceourunderstandingoflanguagelearning提高了我们对语言学习的认识同源词：advancedadj.先进的；高级的；晚期的；年老的advancedtechnology先进技术advancedstage晚期；高级阶段theadvancedcourse高级课程amazingadj.令人大为惊奇的;令人惊喜的同源词：amazedadj.感到惊叹的amazevt.使吃惊amazinglyadv.令人惊讶地；惊奇地amazementn.惊异；惊愕beamazedat(by)对…感到惊叹toone’samazement让人感到惊叹的是inamazement惊讶地=amazingly【拓展】情感类动词v＋ing表示“使人感到....的”v＋ed表示“感到.....的”Eg:excite/exciting/exciteddisappoint/disappointing/disappointedmove/moving/movedsurprise/surprising/surpriseddevelopv.发展；研发；患（病）；冲洗（胶片）Shedevelopedthecompanyfromnothing.她白手起家办起了这个公司。 Thecompanydevelopsandmarketsnewsoftware.这个公司研发并销售新软件。Hersondevelopedasthmawhenhewastwo.她儿子两岁时患了哮喘。Ihadthefilmdevelopedyesterday.我昨天把胶卷拿去冲印了。同源词：developmentn.发展；研发developingadj.发展中的developedadj.发达的；高度发展的confidencen.信心;信任;把握haveconfidencein=havebeliefin对…有信心gainconfidence获得自信同源词：confidentadj.自信的;有把握的confidentlyadv.自信地；安心地confidentialadj.秘密的；机密的self-confidencen.self-confidentadj.beconfidentin/of/about对…有信心makeadifferenceto对…有影响makeadifferenceinsth./indoingsth.【拓展】对…有影响词组：haveabearingon;carryweightwith;have/exerta/aninfluence/effecton;haveanimpactondiscoverv.发现；发觉；了解到同源词：discoveryn.发现para4:Tofullyrealizeyourpotential,itisimportantforyoutomakethemostofourschoolresources.Takeadvantageofyourclasses,learnfromyourteachersandclassmates,andmakeuseofourschoolfacilities.Therearealsoalotofschoolactivitiesforyou.Joinaclubortwo,andtakeanactivepartindifferentsports.Itisadj.forsb.todosth.Itisadj.ofsb.todosth.makethemostof充分利用takeadvantageof=makeuseof利用；使用【拓展】表示利用/使用的词/词组：utilize;employ;apply;capitalizeonfacilityn.设备，设施（常用复数）；（供特定用途的）场所；天资Shehasafacilityforlanguages.她有语言天赋。theworld’slargestnuclearwastefacility世界最大的核废料处理场所sports/leisurefacilities体育/休闲设施takeanactivepartin积极参与activeadj.活跃的；积极的；起作用的；主动语态的Althoughheisnearly80,heisstillveryactive.Shetakesanactivepartinschoollife.Thevirusisstillactiveintheblood.para5:Ofequalimportancearegoodstudyhabits,usefulskillsandapositiveattitude.Carefullyplanyourstudy,setcleargoalsandbalanceyourschoolworkwithotheractivities.Asaseniorhighschoolstudent,youmustmakeeffortstoimproveyourcommunicationandproblem-solvingskills.Lastbutnotleast,alwayslookonthebrightsideandneverlosehope,evenindifficultsituations.Intimeyouwillfindyourselfgrowingintoawell-roundedindividual.Ofequalimportanceare…①表语前置倒装这是一个完全倒装句。主语是goodstudyhabits,are是系动词,ofequalimportance是表语。为了保持句子结构平衡或强调表语，将表语置于句首，引起倒装。表语前置有以下几种形式：（1）形容词做表语前置PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorSmithandhisstudents.（2）分词作表语前置Gonearethedayswhenwehadtobeinthemercyofweather.（3）介词短语做表语前置Onthesecondfloorisabigcinema.翻译：1.______________todayisTomTom今天没开上学2.______________wasawallet.地上躺了一个钱包。3.Attachedtotheenvelopwas_______________.信封上贴着一张漂亮的邮票。【答案】1.Absentfromclass2.Lyingontheground3.abeautifulstamp②equaladj.(大小、数量、价值等)相同的;平等的;(力气、勇气、能力等)相当的,能胜任的v.(大小、数量、价值等)与…相等;比得上n.同等的人;相等物beequalto(doing)sth相等；胜任；合适(做某事)equalrights/pay平等的权利；同酬onequalterms(withsb)（与某人）处于平等的地位bewithoutequal/havenoequal无与伦比；无敌；无比2plus2equals42+2=4equalsb/sthin(doing)in在(做)某事方面逼得上，敌得过某人（某物）同源词：equallyadv.同样地；平等地；公平地equalityn.平等；相等setcleargoals【拓展】目标的其他英文：aim;objective;target;purpose;orientationbalanceyourschoolworkwithotheractivitiesbalancev.使保持平衡；抵消；同等重视；权衡；结平（账目）n.均衡；平衡能力；余额；天平Shebalancedthecuponherknee.她把杯子在膝盖上放稳。Thisyears’profitswillbalanceourpreviouslosses.本年度的盈利可以弥补之前的亏损。Shetriestobalancehomelifeand/withcareer.Thecostofobtaininglegaladviceneedstobebalancedagainstitsbenefits.法律咨询的费用与其效益需要权衡一下。keepabalancebetweenworkandrelaxationhaveagoodsenseofbalancecheckyourbankbalance(be/hang)inthebalance（前途）不明朗；（结果）未定onbalance总的来说improveyourcommunicationimprovev.改善improvementn.改善；改善的事物Thereisstillroomforimprovementin/on/toyourwork.asignificant/substantial/dramaticimprovement重要的/实质的/巨大的改进asteady/slightimprovementon/insth.在某方面稳定的/轻微的提升intime最后；届时ontime准时attimes=sometimes=fromtimetotime有时atanytime随时atatime每次atonetime曾经atthesametime与此同时takeyourtime不着急aheadoftime提前behindtime迟到innotime很快，立即timeoff休假时间forthetimebeing暂时findyourselfgrowingintoawell-groundedindividualfind+宾语+宾补此处为“find+宾补+宾补结构”，其中做宾补的为现在分词。“find+宾语+宾补”这一结构中的宾语补足语可以由现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及不定式tobe等来充当。Whenwegohome,wefoundmotherwaitingforustohavedinner.（主动）Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimselfsurroundedbyagroupofboys.（被动）Ifindhimanhonestman.WhenIgothome,Ifoundthedooropen.Didyoufindhimin?Ihopetofindyouinbetterspiritswhenwemeetagain.IfindtheChinesepeopletobehappyandcheerful.②individualadj.个人的；个别的；独特的n.个人，个体individualdifference个体差异individualbehavior个人行为donationsfromprivateindividuals私人捐赠同源词：individuallyadv.个别地，单独地personaladj.个人的；亲自的para6:AsLao-Tzuwiselysaid,“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.”Youneedtomakeacontinuousefforttotrainyourmindanddevelopyourcharacter.Seniorhighschoolwillhelpyoulearnandgrow,yetyoualoneareresponsibleforrealizingyourgreatpotential.Beconfident,doyourbestandmakeusproud!“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.”千里之行始于足下continuousadj.不断的；频繁的Therainhasbeencontinuoussincethismorning.Forfourdays,thetownsufferedcontinuousattacks.同源词：continuev.继续continuetodo/doingsth.continue(with)sth.n.continuationtrainyourmindtrainv.训练n.火车trainingn.训练trainern.教练；运动鞋traineen.接受培训者；实习生=interndevel