掌握句子成分与解析 高三英语一轮复习

掌握句子成分与解析句子成分与词汇词性单词多词性，如何判断和应用？Forexampleface/feɪs/

n.脸，面部；面部表情，脸色；人；初看，初听；尊严，威信；面貌；（物体的）正面，表面；斜坡，山坡；钟面，表盘；采掘面，工作面；（球拍的）拍面；（尤指足球的）球门v.面临，遭遇；正视，面对；与……交往，与……交谈；面向，面朝；迎战，对阵；抹盖，覆盖；接受，容忍What’sthemeaningoftheword“face”?Hisfaceisgood-looking.主subject系动词link-verb表语predicative此句中face什么词性？noun，名词Thegardenfacessouth.主语subject谓语predicate状语adverbialYouwillfaceyourfuture.Subject主语Predicate谓语Object宾语这两个句子中的face是什么词性？Verb,动词Youwillfaceafactthatyourfacehasbeenold.同一单词以不同词性出现在同一句子中。you主语subject;willface谓语predicateafact宾语objectthatyourfacehasbeenold同位语从句Yourfacehasbeenold主系表1.1成分与词性句子成分意义对应的实词核心成分主语动作的发出者n.num.谓语动作或状态vi,vt宾语动作的承受者n.num.表语跟在系动词之后n.num.a.

ad.修饰成分定语修饰名词a.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子ad.宾补对宾语补充说明n.a.ad.prep-phrases,v-ing,v-ed同位语对其它名词的说明n.

词性（partofspeech）词汇按照其本身含义可以分为10大类：动名形副数，代冠连介叹。前六种属于实词；后四种属于虚词。Somewordscanbeconsideredmorethanonepartofspeech,dependingoncontextandusage.Interjectionscanformcompletesentencesontheirown.1.2句子成分解析实战解析句子成分的三大步骤：1.找出句子中的谓语动词，判断句子是主谓或主系结构(被动语态中的be动词要注意)2.确定动作的发出者和承受者3.根据句子含义标出其它成分1.找出句子中的谓语动词动词类型意义范例实意动词ActionVerbs表动作，分为不及物动词vi和及物动词vt例词：do,have,run,take,drive----runvi.跑步vt.经营例句：Iruneveryday.Irunacompany.连系动词LinkingVerbs表状态，不表示动作，含义不完全，后面必须接形容词或名词等。如何判断是否为系动词？逻辑上可以接形容词的动词就可以视为系动词例词：be,become,

seem,prove,turnout----例句：Theballisred.Thechildrenaresmart.Hebecomesstrong.Thatsoundsgood.Theylookawesome.类型意义范例助动词auxiliaryverbs,

helperverbsorhelpingverbs,

无意义，通过自身的变形来表达时态，否定，强调，被动或主动，疑问等。Auxiliaryverbsareatypeof

verb

thattakesasupportiveroleinasentence,secondtothemainverb.They’reusedmainlytocreatecomplexgrammatical

tenses,emphasis,voice,andmoodetc.例词：be,

do,willand

have

例句：I

am

goingtothezoo.

I

did

not

want

togohome.

Youlikethebook,

don’tyou?

I

do

likethebook![actionverb]

I

did

myhomeworkalready.

[auxiliaryverb]

I

did

not

want

togohome.

[actionverb]

I

have

aselfiewithNeildeGrasseTyson.[auxiliaryverb]

I

have

waited

alongtimeforthis.

类型意义范例情态动词ModalverbsYoucanusemodalverbstoexpressdifferentmeaningsofthemainverb,suchasshowingpossibility(“It

might

rain”),ability(“It

can

rain”),necessity(“It

must

rain”),orsuggestion(“It

should

rain”).Moreover,themodalverb

will

isnecessarytoexpressallfuturetenses(“It

will

rain”).含义不完全，需和实意动词actionverbs一起构成谓语。例词：can,may,must,will,haveto,oughtto,dare,etc.例句：Icandoit.主谓宾Jorgen

skates

backwards.

Jorgen

can

skate

backwards.

I

may

deletethislater.

She

may

deletethislater.

I

have

deletedthisalready.

She

has

deletedthisalready.

be,will,have,do后面接其它动词，则为助动词六大基本句型1.主语---谓语（不及物动词vi.）Lovedied.2.主语---谓语---宾语（及物动词vt.）Ilovedher.3.主语---谓语---宾语---宾补Lovemadeushappy.4.主语---谓语---间接宾语---直接宾语Lovegaveushappiness.5.