八年级下册期中复习Unit1-Unit5单元语法学生版

八年级下册Unit15单元语法期中复习一、过去进行时(过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作)WhatwasWhatwashedoingatthistimeyesterday?Hewasswimming.过去进行时Whatishedoing?Heisswimming.现在进行时结构：结构：was/were+动词ing一、过去进行时的基本句式句式构成例句肯定句主语+was/were+doing+其他ThegirlwasshoppingwhenIsawher.否定句主语+wasn’t/weren’t+doing+其他Thegirlwasn’tshoppingwhenIsawher.一般疑问句__Was/were___+主语+___doing____+其他？—WasthegirlshoppingwhenIsawher?—Yes,shewas.No,shewasn’t.肯定回答Yes,主语+__was__/__were__.否定回答No,主语+__wasn’t__/__weren’t__.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词ing形式+其他？WhatwasthegirldoingwhenIsawher?二、过去进行时的基本用法用法时间标志表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作常用时间状语：thismorning,thewholemorning/night,alldayyesterday,allnight,from10:00to12:00yesterday,inthosedays等表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作常用时间状语：atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,at3o’clockyesterdayafternoon等表示过去某个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行与when引导的时间状语从句连用（主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时）连词when和while都可表“当……时”，用来引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作发生的时间背景。与while引导的时间状语从句连用（主句用一般过去连词when和while都可表“当……时”，用来引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作发生的时间背景。表示过去某两个延续性动作同时进行多与while引导的时间状语从句连用二、when和while引导的时间状语从句一、延续性动词和非延续性动词1.延续性动词也有人叫它持续性动词，它表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以长时间延续下去或产生持久的影响。英语中的延续性动词比较多，如study,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。Heworkedalldayinthefields.他在地里干了一天。Iwaitedforyouforanhour.我等你等了一个钟头。2.非延续性动词非延续性动词，也有人叫它终止性动词、短暂性动词、瞬间动词，它表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。这类动词常见的有begin,buy,close,e,die,fail,find,finish,go,join,kill,leave,lend,lose,sell,start,stop,borrow等。如：Theyreachedthevillageintheafternoon.下午他们抵达那个村子。Shestoodupandlefttheroom.她站起身走出房去。二、辨析when和while引导的从句主句从句主句从句主句从句主句从句总结：总结：主句从句过去进行时+when+一般过去时+过去进行时一般过去时+while+过去进行时过去进行时+例句例句JohnwastakingphotoswhenMaryturnedontheradio.MaryturnedontheradiowhileJohnwastakingphotos.练习JohnthepianowhenMarythehouse.MarythehousewhileJohnthepiano.JohnMarytake

photosturnontheradioplay

the

pianoleave

the

house三、课本GrammarFocus主句从句What

was

he

doing

when

the

rainstorm

came?主句从句从句主句He

was

reading

in

the

library

when

the

rainstorm

came.从句主句从句主句What

was

Ben

doing

when

it

began

to

rain

heavily?从句主句从句主句When

it

began

to

rain,

Ben

was

helping

his

mom

make

dinner.从句主句从句主句What

was

Jenny

doing

while

Linda

was

sleeping?从句主句从句主句While

Linda

was

sleeping,

Jenny

was

helping

Mary从句主句with

her

homework.Unit5语法小测一、句型转换，每空一词。1.Thegirlwastalkingwithherclassmates.Hermothercalledher.(合并为一句)Thegirl________________withherclassmates________hermother________her.2.Davidwaswritingareportattenyesterdaymorning.(改为否定句)David________________areportattenyesterdaymorning.3.Thechildrenwerelaughingloudlyatthattime.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)________thechildren________loudlyatthattime?

Yes,________________.instudy.

4.昨天下午三点,我们正在上音乐课。(lesson)_______________________________________________________________________________.5.当我看到他的时候,他正在给他的妈妈打。(saw,calling)_______________________________________________________________________________.二、单项选择1.I_______ontheputerwhenFrankcalledmelastnight.

A.work B.willwork C.wasworking D.amworking2.Whilethelights_______tored,acarsuddenlyappearedaroundthecorner.

A.change B.havechangedC.werechanging D.willchange3.TheGreens_______TVtogetherfrom5:00to7:00yesterdayevening.A.iswatchingB.arewatchingC.waswatchingD.werewatching4.Thewomanwithherdaughter_______inthatmallwhenshesawtheboyfalldown.A.shoppedB.wasshoppingC.wereshoppingD.isshopping5._______Linda’smotherwasreadingnewspaper,herfatherwasdoingdishes.A.WhenB.WhileC.BeforeD.Until6.—Wereyoueatingdinneratthetimeoftherainstorm?—_______.Iwasreadingabookaboutplants.A.Yes,IdidB.No,Iwasn’tC.Yes,IwasD.No,Ididn’t7._______wecamebacktoschool,Dalewasplayingtheviolin.A.WhenB.WhileC.UntilD.After三、until、although和sothat引导的状语从句什么是状语？状语是为结构已经完整的句子（主+谓+宾）添加信息，如时间/地点/原因/条件/目的等。状语从句：由一个句子充当状语成分，这个句子就是状语从句，状语从句通常由一个连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。IreadEnglish.IreadEnglisheverymorning.时间状语IreadEnglishafterIgetup.状语从句状语从句的分类1.时间状语从句4.目的状语从句7.比较状语从句2.条件状语从句5.让步状语从句8.地点状语从句3.结果状语从句6.原因状语从句9.方式状语从句一、until引导的时间状语从句肯定句中肯定句中表示“直到……为止”主句谓语动词用延续性动词否定句中表示“直到……才……”主句谓语动词用非延续性动词Eg.Ihavetostayhereuntiltherainstops.我不得不待在这儿，直到雨停。Cathydidn’tgohomeuntiltherainstopped.直到雨停了，凯茜才回家。二、although引导的让步状语从句although引导的让步状语从句一般翻译为“虽然；尽管”，一般情况下，although与though可以互换，但两者都不能与but同时出现在一个句子中，但可以和yet/still同时出现。Eg.Althoughshe’sveryweak,sheworksveryhard.她尽管身体很弱，但是工作很努力。三、sothat引导的目的状语从句sothat表示“以便；为了”，从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词can/could/may/might等连用。Eg.Heshouldtalktohisfriendsothathecansayhe’ssorry.他应该跟他的朋友谈谈，以便能向其道歉。【拓展】sothat+从句=inorderthat+从句=inorderto+动词原形四、提建议句型句型结构含义Whydon’tyou+dosth.?=Whynotdosth.?你（们）为什么不……呢?How/Whatabout+doingsth.?……怎么样?Let’s+dosth.让我们……吧.We/Youshould/could+dosth.我们/你（们）应该/可以……Wouldyoumind+doingsth?你介意……吗?Would/Couldyouplease+dosth?请你……好吗?hadbetter（not）dosth.最好（不要）做某事Wouldyoulike+todosth.?你（们）想要……吗?Unit4语法小测1.Whydon’tyou______earliertocatchtheearlybus?

A.gettingup B.getup C.getsup D.gotup2.Whydon’tyou______anEnglishclubtopractice_______English?

A.join;speakB.join;speaking C.tojoin;speaking D.tojoin;speak3.—Jim,let'sgoouttoplaybasketball.—Oh,Iwon'tdothat______Ifinishmyhomework.A.if B.until C.because D.although4.—WhynotholdaChinesePoetrypetition(中国诗歌比赛)toweleourschool's70thbirthday?—______Let'smakeaplantogetherinourgroup.A.No,thanks. B.Yes,please. C.Goodidea. D.Nevermind.5.—IthinkIamtheshyestinmyclass.WhatshouldIdo?—Bemoreactiveinclass______youcanimproveyourabilitytoexpressyourself.

sothat B.unlessC.or D.although6．Althoughhehasacold,hedoesn’tgotobed________hefinisheshishomework.A．when B．because C．until D．But7．Isitinfrontoftheclassroom________Icanhearclearly.A．when B．inordertoC．suchas D．sothat8．Iwanttobuyawindbreaker________Iwilllookmorehandsome.A．sothat B．inorderto C．soasto D．so9．Themeetingdidn’tstart________Mr.Smithgottotheoffice.A．if B．so C．until D．though10．________heisverytired,________hestillgoesonworking.A．Although,/ B．But,although C．Although,but五、情态动词could的用法can的过去式can的过去式礼貌地请求征询许可could1.could是can的过去式，表能力句式结构例句肯定句主语+could+动词原形+其他Icouldswimattheageoffive.否定句主语+couldn’t+动词原形+其他Icouldn’tswimattheageoffive.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+could+主语+动词原形+其他？Whatcouldyoudoattheageof10?一般疑问句could问could答Could+主语+动词原形+其他？—Couldyoudancewhenyouwereyoung?肯定回答Yes,主语+could.—Yes,Icould.否定回答No,主语+couldn’t.—No,Icouldn’t.2.could不是can的过去式，表请求或征询许可(更礼貌更委婉)can提问__can/can’t__答；could提问___can/can’t___答。—CouldIuseyourbicycle?我可以用你的自行车吗？—Yes,youcan.是的，可以用法和句式示例提出请求：Couldyouplease(not)do...?肯定回答常用语：Ofcourse./Certainly./OK./Sure./Noproblem.等否定回答常用语：Sorry./Certainlynot./I’mafraidIcan’t./No,youcan’t等.+说明理由征询许可：CouldI/wedo...?Unit3语法小测1．Sorrytotroubleyou,but________Ispeaktoyouforawhile?A．could B．should C．must D．need2．—________Iuseyourruler,LiMing?—Sure.Hereyouare.A．Could B．Would C．Need3．—Couldyouplease________thedoor?Ifeelverycold.—OK.ButIthinkyou’dbetter________yourcoat.A．nottoopen;puton B．nottoopen;toputonC．notopen;puton D．notopen;toputon4．—Excuseme,________youpleasesayitagain?Ididn’thearyouclearly.—Yes,ofcourse.A．could B．should C．need D．must5．—________IborrowyourEnglishdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.A．Could;could B．Must;can C．Could;can D．Can;could6．—CouldIborrowyourbike?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.A．must B．could C．can7．HelenKeller_____seeaftergettingillwhenshewasyoung,butthroughherhardwork,she_____beawriter.A．couldn’t;wasableto B．wasableto;couldn’tC．wasableto;wasableto D．couldn’t;couldn’t8．Thelovelyboy________ridethebikeattheageofsix.A．must B．could C．need D．should六、动词不定式todo/nottodo/do1.动词不定式作宾语（1）接不定式作宾语的动词（“动词+todo”结构）常见的有：learn学会plan计划decide决定try尽力choose选择agree同意+todosth.refuse拒绝pretend假装offer主动+todosth.wouldlike/want想要expect期望hope/wish希望promise承诺afford负担得起prefer喜欢【注意】help帮助(helptodo/helpdo)like喜欢(liketodo/doing)继续(continuetodo/doing)（2）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+todo”结构），常见的有：show表明、指示；know知道；tell告诉；teach教；learn学习；decide决定。如：Larrydidn’tknowhowtotellherthebadnews.拉里不知道如何告诉她这个坏消息。2.动词不定式作宾语补足语（1）接不定式作宾语补足语的动词（动词+sb.+todo结构，否定式“动词+sb.+nottodo”）常见的有：tell告诉ask请order命令+sb.+todosth.warn警告teach教want想要+sb.+todosth.wish希望expect期望encourage鼓励allow允许invite邀请advise建议require要求force强迫如：Doyouwantmetofindoutthephonenumber?你想要我找出那个号码吗？（2）有些及物动词，接不定式作宾语补足语时（动词+sb.+do），要省略to。这类及物动词常见的有：+dosth.let让make使have使+dosth.see看见watch注视hear听到notice注意到feel感觉起来被动语态中要还原to，如makesb.do被动语态变为sb.bemadetodo。如：Isawhimreadinthelibraryyesterday.我昨天看到他在图书馆阅读3.动词不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语，可放在句首或句末。to表示目的、为了。如：Tolearnmathwell,youmustdomoreexercises.为了学好数学，你必须多做练习。Wecameheretoaskyouforhelp.我们来这是为了向你寻求帮助。4.不定式的常见句型Unit2语法小测1．—Doyouwant________agameshow?—No,Idon’t.A．watch B．watching C．watched D．towatch2．Alicelikesmusic,sosheistrying________thepiano.A．play B．toplay C．played3．Mymotherallowsme_______TVforhalfanhourafterfinishingmyhomework.A．watch B．watches C．watching D．towatch4．Mysistertoldmeaninterestingstoryyesterdayanditmademe________.A．laugh B．tolaugh C．laughing5．Myfriendinvitedme________theartclub,andIaccepteditwithpleasure.A．join B．tojoin C．joined6．—Michaellookedunhappy.What’swrongwithhim?—Hefailed_______hismathexam.A．pass B．topass C．passing D．passes7．Lucydecided________tothebeachwithherparentsonhervacation.A．go B．togo C．going8．Ittookthearchitectonlyamonth________theplansofthisbuilding.A．draw B．todraw C．drawing D．drew9．Couldyoupleasetellmethebestplace________onweekends?A．going B．togoto C．goto10．—Remember________tomydaughter’sdanceshownextFriday.—OfcourseIwill.I’llneverforget________herdanceforthefirsttimelastyearA．toe;tosee B．ing;tosee C．toe;seeing七、反身代词和情态动词should英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。其基本形式如下表所示：人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselves统称oneself反身代词有三种不同的用法：一、强调用法

反身代词在强调用法中表示强调，即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气，可译成“亲自”、“本人”。此时，它在句中作同位语。即使去掉，也不影响句子的完整性。例如：

（1）You

must

do

it

yourself.(你必须自己做)

（2）I

myself

did

the

homework

last

night。（昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业）二、非强调用法

这种用法通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。它在句中作宾语，不能省略，否则该句是一个意义不完整的错句。例如：

（1）Jane

is

too

young

to

look

after

herself.（简年纪太小，以至于不能照看自己）

（2）I

teach

myself

English.（我自学英语）

（3）He

didn't

hurt

himself,

thank

goodness.(他未伤了他自己，谢天谢地。)

三、与by搭配

当反身代词与by搭配时，意为：单独地，没有人帮助的。例如：

（1）We

must

finish

it

all

by

ourselves.（我们必须全靠自己去完成。）

（2）He

can

swim

all

by

himself.（他能独自一个人游泳。）一些常用的固定搭配:teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自学enjoyoneself玩得高兴；过得愉快helponeselftosth.请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）saytooneself自言自语dressoneslef自己穿衣loseoneselfin沉迷于..should的用法：句式结构例句肯定句主语+should+动词原形+其他Weshouldhelpthepeopl