2021年新课标版英语高考真题练习：十一　推理判断

专题十一推理判断

探考情悟真题

【考情探究】

考卷

课标全国【课标全国n课标全国in

年份

第26题，第27题，第:"题，第：第23题，第24题，第26题，第25题，第29题，第31题，第

2019

32题第27题，第32题，第34题34题，第35题

考第25题，第26题，第28题，第第25题，第27题，第34题髯,髯题‘第外题’第

频2018

推

统32题,第35题3。题，弟34题

理

计

判第23题，第24题，第27题，第第24题，第27题，第29题，第30第24题，第26题，第27题，第30

2017

断29题,第30题题，第33题，第34题，第35题题，第31题

第24题，第26题，第28题，第那鬻誓题逸29题，第33第27题第31题第33题

2016

32题,第33题即，第34题

第24题，第28题，第33题，第：第21题，第24题，第29题，第30

2015

34题，第35题题，第31题

考点要求考生根据文章所提供的事实及自己的一些常识进行合理的推断,判断作者的意图,人物的动机、目的及性格特征,事件发生

内容

的前因后果等。

分析解读

高考推理判断题主要考查考生：（1）推断隐含意义的能力。（2）推断作者的观点或态度的能力。（3）推断写作目

的的能力。（4）推断文章出处的能力。（5）推断上下文内容的能力。要求考生在阅读过程中贯通表面意思和内

涵.并把已知和未知的信息联系起来.以文章所提供的事实为依据.经过分析思考而形成一定的观点。考生需

尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实.在通盘理解文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意,并作出正确的推断。

【五年高考】

A组统一命题•课标卷题组

Passage1（2019课标全国I,C）词数:261

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物测

量）technologies-likefingerprinlscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesare

stillexpensive,though.

ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（装置）lhatgetsaroundthis

problemssmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（节奏）withwhichonetypesand

thepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingslike

theforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,the

keyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputer

it'sconnectedto-regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.

Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesa

keyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.

Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch“fourtimes

usingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbased

onhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbepretty

straightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeit

tomarketinthenearfuture.

l.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?

A.Toreducepressureonkeys.

B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.

C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.

D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.

2.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?

A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.

B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.

C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.

D.Datasecuritymeasuresarcguaranteed.

3.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?

A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.

B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.

C.ItUIbemadeofplastics.

D.Itllhelpspeeduptyping.

4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.

C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.

答案

l.D

2.C

3.B

4.D

Passage2（2019课标全国HI,C）词数:313

Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10a

year.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomost

citizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,most

newspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.But

therevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.

Thetrend,then,wastowardthe“pennypaper”—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothe

public.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbebought

insinglecopiesonthestreet.

Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible（butnoteasy）tobuysinglecopiesof

newspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.

Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbe

commonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny—usuallytwoorthreecents

wascharged—andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.ButthephraseMpennypaper”

caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellfbronlyapenny.

Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor“themanonthestreet“didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures（企

业）wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,had

littledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?

A.Academic.B.Unattractive.

C.Inexpensive.D.Confidendal.

2.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?

A.Theywouldbepricedhigher.

B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.

C.Theycouldhavemorereaders.

D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.

3.Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?

A.Localpoliticians.B.Commonpeople.

C.Youngpublishers.D.Richbusinessmen.

4.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?

A.Itwasadifficultprocess.

B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.

C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor.

D.hwasadisasterforprinters.

答案

l.B

2.C

3.B

4.A

Passage3（2019课标全国III,D）词数:329

Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.

AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingof

numbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthe

monkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.

Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedthe

experiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbol

wouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7would

flashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthe

screentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldbe

rewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.

Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmore

thanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeach

combination.

Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedto

underestimate（低估）asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvaluesometimes

choosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:Whenaddingtwo

numbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction（小部分）ofthe

smallernumbertoit.

“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains/*Dr.Livingstone

says."Butinthisexperimentwhatthey?redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”

1.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?

A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.

C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.

2.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?

A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.

C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.

3.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?

A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.

B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.

C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.

D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.

4.1nwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A.Entertainmcnt.B.Health.

C.Education.D.Science.

林口崇

l.C

2.B

3.A

4.D

Passage4（2018课标全国I,D）词数:351

Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyand

new,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbad

newsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthe

neweronesthatdothesamethings.

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochester

InstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-from

whenitsmineralsarcminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhome

energyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basic

mobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,

smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.

Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionis

replacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthe

house/'saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to）3

in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.Accordingtotheanalysisof

Babbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergy

consumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007

window.

Sowhat'sthesolution（解决方案）？Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexplored

whatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,

suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingon

tabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.

1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

A.Thcyareenvironment-friendly.

B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.

C.Theycostmoretouseathome.

D.Theygooutofstylequickly.

2.WhydidBabbitt^teamconducttheresearch?

A.Toreducethecostofminerals.

B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.

C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.

D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.

3.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?

A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.

C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.

4.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?

A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.

C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.

答案

LA

2.D

3.B

4.A

Passage5（2018课标全国III,C）词数:368

WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthe

newCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremaking

greateffortstotakethecenterstage.

Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe20）2Pritzker

ArchitecturePrize-whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture-onFebruary28.Heisthefirst

Chinesecitizentowinthisaward.

WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt（CAA）.Hisofficeis

locatedattheXiangshancampus（校园）oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthe

campusarehisoriginalcreations.

ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazed

bythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves（曲线）ofthebuildingsperfectlymatch

theriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.

Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstouse

traditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.Thiscreationattractedalotofattention

thankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements（元素）.

Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.

Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe

1995PritzkerPrize.

Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thalisonlyevidencethat

traditionsonceexisted,“hesaid.

°ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfrom

thepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated//he

said.

“Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinese

traditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,“saidWang.

Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbe

artificialandempty,hesaid.

l.Wang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare.

A.followingthelatestworldtrend

B.gettinginternationalrecognition

C.workingharderthaneverbefore

D.relyingonforeignarchitects

2.WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?

A.Itshillyenvironment.

B.Itslargesize.

C.Itsuniquestyle.

D.Itsdiversefunctions.

3.WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?

A.Thcmixtureofdifferentshapes.

B.ThcbalanceofEastandWest.

C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.

D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.

4.WhalshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?

A.Spreadthemtotheworld.

B.Pieservethematmuseums.

C.Teachtheminuniversities.

D.Recreatetheminpractice.

答案

LB

2.C

3.D

4.D

Passage6（2017课标全国I,B）词数:290

IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocust

Valley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,

whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.

IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl（猫头鹰）ontheground.When

larrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.

Iexaminedthechick（雏鸟）anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,

butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.

Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.1putsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomake

thisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.

Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthe

hungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageour

chicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnews

thenightmightbring.

Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosay

thattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyand

active.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCHJTheparentshaddonetheirduty

andwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.

1.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor*srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?

A.Effortsmadeinvain.

B.Gcttinginjuredinhiswork.

C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.

D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.

2.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?

A.Torescueawoman.

B.Totakecareofawoman.

C.Tolookatababyowl.

D.Tocureayoungowl.

3.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?

A.Anewnest.B.Somefood.

C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.

4.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?

A.It'sunexpected.B.It'sbeautiful.

C.Ifshumorous.D.It'sdiscouraging.

答案

l.A

2.C

3.A

4.B

Passage7（2017课标全国H,D）词数:288

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists.JackSchultzandIan

Baldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboring

plantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplants

pumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.

ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.aplant'swayofcrying

out.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpout

perfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetables

areturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.

Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusually

moreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmand

knewwhattodo.

Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon,tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryof

painorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighbors

justhappenedto“overhear“thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn'tatrue,intentionalbackand

forth.

CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreimimate（亲密的）thanthe

worldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There5sawholelotgoingon.

1.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?

A.Itmakesnoises.

B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.

C.Itstandsquietly.

D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned“inparagraph3?

A.Theattackersgetattacked.

B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.

D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.

3.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.

A.predictnaturaldisasters

B.protectthemselvesagainstinsects

C.talktooneanotherintentionally

D.helptheirneighborswhennecessary

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.

B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.

C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.

D.PeopleinDarwin'stimeweremoreimaginative.

答案

l.D

2.A

3.B

4.C

Passage8（2017课标全国IH,B）词数:274

MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepingup

popcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater's75-year

history.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,

anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send.

ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30

yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.

TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmall

townwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.

BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headded

thatthetheater'slocation（｛iZW）wasalsoareason."Thisusedtobethecenteroftown//hesaid."Nowthearea

ismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses//

Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseum

andpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthe

buildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethe

theaterislocated.

Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlaza

Theaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.

1.Inwhatwaywasyesterday1scleanupatthePlazaspecial?

A.Itmaderoomfornewequipment.

B.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.

C.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.

D.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.

2.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?

A.hwasanall-timeclassic.

B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.

C.Theaudiencerequestedit.

D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.

3.Whatwi11probablyhappentothebuiIding?

A.Itwillberepaired.

B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.

C.Itwillbeknockeddown.

D.ltwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?

A.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.

B.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.

C.Thcyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.

D.Thcyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.

答案

l.B

2.D

3.C

4.B

Passage9(2016课标全国I,A)词数:293

YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstanding

ladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?

JaneAddams(I860—1935)

AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorand

workedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationand

servicesfbrpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.

RachelCarson(1907—1964)

Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962book

SilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandon

theworld'slakesandoceans.

SandraDayO'Connor(1930—present)

WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfind

workatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and,in1981,thefirst

womantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24

yearsonthetopcourt.

RosaParks(1913—2005)

OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhite

passenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformore

thanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.°TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,“saidParks.

1.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?

A.Hersocialwork.

B.Herteachingskills.

C.Hereffortstowinaprize.

D.Hercommunitybackground.

2.WhatwasthereasonforO'Connor'sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?

A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.

B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.

C.Thcdiscriminationagainstwomen.

D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.

3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?

A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.

C.SandraDayO'Connor.D.RosaParks.

4.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?

A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.

C.Thcyarcpioneers.D.Thcyarepeace-lovers.

答案

1.A

2.C

3.D

4.C

Passage10（2016课标全国II,D）词数:293

AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.

FrankHurley'spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirst-ratephotojournalism—iftheyhadbeen

madelastweek.Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck（海

难）,byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanice

chest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.

TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,Norwegian-builtthree-masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnest

Shackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall,tothesouthernmostshoreofAntarctica's

WeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled（雪橇）acrossthecontinent.The

journeywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreached

theSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.

AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-researchedstoryTheEndurance,

adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scottislastjourney,completedashelayinatentdying

ofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld'simagination,andafilmmadeinhishonordrewcrowds.Shackleton,a

onetimeBritishmcrchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,starteda

businessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurley,aconfidentand

giftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhavenever

beforebeenpublished.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?

A.Theyweremadelastweek.

B.Theyshowedunderseasceneries.

C.Theywerefoundbyacameraman.

D.Thcyrecordedadisastrousadventure.

2.WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?

A.FrankHurley.

B.ErnestShackleton.

C.RobertFalconScott.

D.CarolineAlexander.

3.WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?

A.Artisticcreation.B.Scientificresearch.

C.Moncymaking.D.Treasurchunting.

答案

l.D

2.C

3.C

Passage11（2016课