高考英语复习-语法专项-二非谓语动词市赛课公开课一等奖省名师获奖课件

二、非谓语动词1/67考点1非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语(1)原因状语多用在一些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等形容词后。(2)目标状语可与soasto/inorderto替换,但soasto普通不可置于句首。(3)结果状语常表示意想不到结果,惯用onlytodo。2/67*Iwassatisfiedtohearthenews.(原因状语)*Tocatchthefirstbus,hegotupveryearly.(目标状语)*Irushedtoschoolonlytofindnobodywasthere.(结果状语)3/67【点津】熟记不定式表结果固定结构:only/justto...;too...to...;so/suchasto...;...enough(forsb.)to...

4/672.分词作状语(1)v.-ing形式:现在分词作状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示动作与句子主语之间组成逻辑上主动关系,且含有进行之意。5/67(2)v.-ed形式:a.过去分词作状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示动作与句子主语之间组成逻辑上被动关系,且含有完成之意。6/67b.源于系表结构部分过去分词作状语,表示句子主语所处一个状态。不表示被动关系,其前不用being,常见有:seated(坐着)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦了)等。7/67*Notknowingwhattodo,Ihadtowaithere.*Givenmoreattention,thechildrencouldhavegrownbetter.*Absorbedinreading,wealldidn’thearthesound.*Havingdrivenallday,wewererathertired.8/67【点津】①把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间关系,区分现在分词与过去分词;②不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到结果,现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生结果;③准确了解形容词化过去分词作状语使用方法;④现在分词完成式havingdone表示分词动作和句子主语之间是主动关系,同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。9/673.有些分词或不定式短语作状语,组成独立结构,其形式选择不受上下文影响。常见有:generallyspeaking普通来说;franklyspeaking坦白地说;judgingfrom/by...依据……来判断;considering.../taking...intoconsideration考虑到……;totellyouthetruth说实话;comparedto/with与……相比较;tobeginwith首先;seeing...鉴于/因为……;supposing假设,如10/67果;assuming假使;given考虑到,鉴于;provided(that...)假如;concerning关于11/674.独立主格结构(1)独立主格结构特点:①独立主格结构逻辑主语与句子主语不一样,它独立存在;②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语名词或代词与后面分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上主动或被动关系;③独立主格结构普通有逗号与句子分开。12/67(2)独立主格结构组成:①名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词;②名词/代词+形容词;③名词/代词+副词;④名词/代词+不定式;⑤名词/代词+介词短语。13/67*Thetestfinished(=Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.*Thepresidentassassinated(=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated),thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.*Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.14/67【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空①(·全国卷Ⅲ)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,__________(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.15/67解题关键:use和逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作方式状语。答案判定:using16/67②(·全国卷Ⅱ)Thewallsarenowcoldenough__________(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.17/67解题关键:固定搭配enoughtodosth.表示“足以做某事”,todo作结果状语。答案判定:tocool18/67【高考题组】用所给词适当形式填空/单句改错1.(·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal________(create)specialdesigns.2.(·北京高考)________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.

tocreateOrdered19/673.(·天津高考)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,_______(make)airconditioningunnecessary.4.(·四川高考)Afewmonthslater,while______(eat),shewouldeventurnherbacktome.makingeating20/675.(·福建高考)SeveralyearsagoIreceivedaletterfromseventeen-year-oldKerry,whodescribedherselfasaworld-classfault-finder,almostalways________(bother)bythings.6.(·湖南高考)_______(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.botheredTofree21/677.(·陕西高考)Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.(改错)___________just后添加to22/67考点2非谓语动词作定语定语形式功能现在分词普通式doing表示动作是主动进行行为或者正在进行当中现在分词普通式被动结构beingdone表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中过去分词done表示动作是被动完成行为或者单纯表示已经完成23/67定语形式功能动词不定式todo表示将要发生动作动词不定式普通式被动结构tobedone表示将要被做动作24/67*Thatcanbealotmoreefficientthanpagesexplainingthedata.*Theproblemdiscussedatlastmeetingwasofgreatimportance.*Thematterbeingdiscussednowisofgreatimportance.*Theproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeetingisofgreatimportance.25/67【点津】①准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系;②准确判定非谓语动词表示动作发生时间,即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。26/67【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空(·浙江高考)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I’dlikeyoutolookatastudy__________(conduct)inAustraliain.27/67解题关键:回到水污染问题之前,我想要你们看一下澳大利亚在年进行研究。astudy与conduct之间为被动关系,由in可知此项研究已经完成,故用过去分词短语作后置定语。答案判定:conducted28/67【高考题组】用所给词适当形式填空1.(·四川高考)For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething_____(eat)!2.(·全国卷Ⅰ)Itarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_____(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.

toeatliving29/673.(·全国卷Ⅱ)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)_____(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmired.built30/674.(·全国卷Ⅰ)Astudyoftravelers_________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.5.(·全国卷Ⅰ)Itcarriesarticles_______(write)byforeignfriendsabouttheculturesoftheirhomecountries.conductedwritten31/676.(·重庆高考)Ilearnedthroughanotherwoman’seyesthatmydaughterwasstillagoodpersondespiteher________(trouble)teenageyears.troubled32/67考点3非谓语动词作补足语1.“五看二听一感觉”感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等)后面宾语补足语常见有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成。33/67*Themissingboywaslastseenplayingneartheriver.34/672.热点动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。*(·浙江高考)Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoreadoftener.35/673.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warnsb.todosth.等。*Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfood.36/674.with复合结构惯用形式:37/67*Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.*Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.*Withthelittleboyleadingtheway,wehadnodifficultyfindingthevillage.38/67【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空①(·江苏高考)Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage__________(hide)withinthework.39/67解题关键:message与hide是被动关系,应用havesth.done结构。答案判定:hidden40/67②(·天津高考)He’dseenus________(sit)bythelakeallthosetimes.41/67解题关键:依据关键信息词allthosetimes可知强调“一直坐在湖边”,故用固定结构seesb.doingsth.意为“看到某人一直做某事”,符合语境。答案判定:sitting42/67【高考题组】单句改错1.(·浙江高考)ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.__________felt改为feel43/672.(·北京高考)Theloudmusicfilledtheroomandmadethemtofeelveryhappy.______3.(·北京高考)“Iheardyouplaytheothernight,”shesaid.“Thesoundswokemeoutofbed.”_______________to删掉play改为playing44/674.(·四川高考)Thegroundhogstilldidn’thaveaproblemwithmescratchherback,andIgotanidea.____________________scratch改为scratching45/67考点4非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词中能作宾语有动名词和不定式:1.只能跟动名词作宾语动词和短语:suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allow,advise,risk,keep,keepon,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,miss,insiston,lookforwardto,feellike,getdownto,objectto等。46/67*Iadmitbreakingthewindow.*It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim?今天很热,你想去游泳吗?47/672.只能跟不定式作宾语动词和短语:wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,mean,plan,fail,choose,wouldlike等。*IfIfailtoappearby7o’clock,Iwillnotbecomingatall.48/673.既可用动名词又可跟不定式动词和短语:remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,need,start,begin,try等。49/6750/67*Remembertoturnoffthelightsbeforeyougotobed.*Irememberreadingabouttheearthquakeinthenewspaper.51/674.it作形式宾语,代替真正作宾语动词不定式或动名词。*IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.52/67【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空(·全国卷Ⅰ)Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude__________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengdu.53/67解题关键:include后接动词-ing形式作宾语。答案判定:introducing54/67【高考题组】用所给词适当形式填空/单句改错1.(·浙江高考)IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdo________(work)withstudents.2.(·北京高考)Lightcanpassthroughwithout_______(bend).workingbending55/673.(·全国卷Ⅲ)IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.(改错)________________4.(·四川高考)IreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.(改错)____________wear改为wearingwant后添加to56/675.(·四川高考)We’vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.(改错)______________6.(·全国卷Ⅱ)Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaround.(改错)_______________sing改为singinglooks改为looking57/67考点5非谓语动词作主语、表语或其它1.非谓语动词中能作主语有动名词和不定式。(1)动名词作主语表示普通、抽象或习惯性动作,不定式作主语表示详细、一次性或还未做动作。58/67(2)it作形式主语,代替真正作主语动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有:Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasuselessdoing;It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.等。59/67【点津】在语篇中,注意所填空前是否有it,并深入判定是不是形式主语或形式宾语it,从而快速判定所填空是否要用todo或doing对应形式。60/672.非谓语动词中能作表语有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到……”,而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到……”。*Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcitedthewhol