高考英语复习-第二部分-知识运用篇-专题4-语法填空-第3讲-词性转换比较等级及名词单复数市赛课公开

第二部分专题四语法填空知识利用篇有提醒词填空第三讲词性转换、比较等级及名词单复数1/441技能突破3随堂训练2走出误区4复习练案2/44技能突破3/44技法1：句子成份要记牢高考语法填空中，词性转换是必考考点之一，学会分析句子成份对解题非常有帮助。4/44典例导引(·全国卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe______________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.[解题思绪]①分析句子成份→空格处作状语②依据所作成份→可判断此处用副词形式尝试解答：__________officially5/44[技法解读]1．看到提醒词在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语，或在宾语后作宾补，要想到用形容词。2．看到提醒词修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子作状语时，要想到用副词。3．看到提醒词作主语或宾语或者在冠词(a/an/the)、形容词性物主代词(my/his/their等)、指示代词(this/that)、名词全部格后，要想到用名词。6/44①(·四川高考)Chinesescientists________(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.②(·全国卷Ⅱ)Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks__________(regular)．③(·四川卷)Shewasavery_____________(care)mother.④(·全国卷Ⅱ)Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat________(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.recentlyregularlycaring/carefulslowly7/44⑤(·全国卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.⑥(·安徽高考改编)Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople'shomeeither____________(person)orthroughtheircompanies.⑦(·广东高考)________(lucky)，healsohadacowwhichproducedmikeeveryday.abilitypersonallyLuckily8/44技法2：构词知识记准确英语构词法中在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀，从而组成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反新词。了解一些构词法知识，会对高考语法填空产生极大帮助。9/44(·全国卷Ⅱ)Then，handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof______________(achieve)．[解题思绪]①分析句子成份→空格处作宾语②依据所作成份→可判断此处要用名词形式尝试解答：_____________achievement10/44[技法解读]1．形容词变副词后缀分类示例以-le结尾形容词，变-le为-lypossible→possibly，terrible→terribly，comfortable→comfortably，gentle→gently，simple→simply等以-y结尾形容词，变-y为-ilyeasy→easily，angry→angrily，noisy→noisily，happy→happily，heavy→heavily，healthy→healthily等以“辅音＋e”结尾形容词，加lyrudely，politely，widely，nicely，closely，completely等以“元音＋e”结尾形容词，去e加lytrue→truly以ll结尾形容词，加yfull→fully11/442.形容词变名词后缀后缀示例-ageshortadj.短缺→shortagen．不足；短缺-cyfluentadj.流利→fluencyn，流利；流畅-domwiseadj.聪明→wisdomn．明智；智慧-encedifferentadj.不一样→differencen．差异-nessweakadj.虚弱→weaknessn．虚弱；弱点-thstrongadj.强壮→strengthn．力气，强项-ydifficultadj.困难→difficultyn．困难-tysafeadj.安全→safetyn．安全-ityresponsibleadj.负责→responsibilityn．责任12/443.动词变名词后缀常见动词变名词后缀有-al，-ance，-ence，-ion，-tion，-ation，-(ss)ion，-ing，-ment，-ure，-ture，-y等。后缀示例-alapprovev．赞成，同意→approvaln．赞成，同意-anceappearvi.出现→appearancen．出现；外貌-ionattractvt.吸引→attractionn．吸引-mentachievevt.抵达，完成→achievementn．功劳；成就-yrecoverv．恢复→recoveryn．恢复；痊愈13/444.动词、名词变形容词后缀常见动词、名词变形容词后缀有-able，-al，-ful，-ed，-ing，-ible，-ive，-ous，-some，-y，-ern，-ish等。后缀示例-ableacceptvt.接收→acceptableadj.可接收-edconfusevt.使迷惑→confusedadj.感到迷惑-ingconvincevt.说服，使信服→convincingadj.令人信服-fulforgetvt.忘记→forgetfuladj.健忘-alnaturen．自然→naturaladj.自然-ibleaccessn．进入，使用权，通路→accessibleadj.轻易取得-ouscautionn．慎重→cautiousadj.慎重14/445.表示否定或相反意义前缀和后缀常见表示否定或相反意义前缀和后缀有dis-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，mis-，un-，-less等。前缀示例dis-advantagen．优势→disadvantagen．缺点il-legaladj.正当→illegaladj.不正当in-convenientadj.方便→inconvenientadj.不方便ir-regularadj.有规律→irregularadj.没规律mis-leadvt.引导→misleadadj.误导un-willingadj.愿意→unwillingadj.不愿意15/446.变动词前缀和后缀前缀和后缀示例en-ableadj.有能力→enablevt.使能够-ensharpadj.尖→sharpenvt.使尖锐-ifysimpleadj.简单→simplifyvt.简化-izeapologyn．道歉→apologizev．道歉16/44①(·全国卷Ⅰ)Butfortouristslikeme，pandasareitstop________(attract)．②(·全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C.，influencedthe___________(develop)ofchopsticks.③(·全国卷Ⅱ)As________(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.attractiondevelopmentnatural17/44④(·全国卷Ⅰ)Formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe________(patience)．⑤(·辽宁高考)Icannotcontrolmybodywell，Mylegsbecome________(pain)．⑥(·广东四校联考)Ofcourse，theshow'sdirectoragreed________(happy)．patientpainfulhappily18/44技法3：名词复数切莫忘假如给提醒词是名词，未必就一定是考词性转换，有时也会考名词复数形式。19/44(·全国卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew______________(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle－fed，theotheriswithmum.[解题思绪]①分析句子成份→此处使用名词形式②依据空前few→确定该空用名词复数形式尝试解答：________days20/44[技法解读]1．看到一个以上人或物，如名词在不定代词few，afew，other，all，both，many，several等后时，要想到用复数形式。2．看到用来表示祝福、礼貌和客气名词，要想到用复数形式，如congratulations，regards，respects，thanks，wishes，requests，apologies等。3．看到谓语动词为复数形式，要想到作主语名词用复数形式。4．注意一些不规则改变名词复数，如child→children;man→men，tooth→teeth；foot→feet；woman→women等。21/44①(·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.②(·四川高考)Anysmellmightattractnatural________(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.③(·全国卷Ⅰ)Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe________(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork.studiesenemieschanges22/44④(·青岛一模)Thesetwo____________(discover)providehumankindwithanewwaytofightthesediseasesthataffecthundredsofmillionsofpeopleannually.⑤(·潍坊一模)Importantlanguagepoints，grammarrules，useful____________(express)andkeywordsarewhatwewanttotakedown.⑥Theytookmany________(photo)whentheyvisitedChina.discoveriesexpressionsphotos23/44技法4：比较等级细思量假如给提醒词是形容词，未必就一定是考词性转换，有时也会考形容词比较等级。24/44(·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork，youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof________________(great)andlessimportance.[解题思绪]①分析句子成份一句子缺乏定语②依据空格后标志词less→可判断此处用比较级形式尝试解答：________greater25/44[技法解读]1．若是二者之间相比，且空格后有than，要想到用形容词或副词比较级。2．若看到the＋比较级位于句首，要想到有可能考查“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”句型。3．若是三者或三者以上比较，后面有表示范围短语或从句，要想到用形容词或副词最高级。4．若看到“oneofthe＋_____________＋复数名词”，要想到有可能考查“oneofthe＋最高级＋复数名词”句型。26/44①(·辽宁高考)The________(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.②(·广东高考)Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths________(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.③(·四川高考改编)Andyiscontentwiththetoy，Itisthe________(good)hehasevergot.④(·全国卷改编)Raymond'sparentswantedhimtohavethe________(good)possibleeducation.harderearlierbestbest27/44第一步，确定空缺处所填词词性普通来说，名词在句中作主语、宾语或表语。动词在句中普通作谓语。形容词在句中作定语，修饰名词作表话，位于系动词后；或作宾语补足语。副词普通在句中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子作状语。第二步，对所填词进行转换正确使用前缀和后缀。普通来说，前缀只改变词意义，不改变其词性；后缀改变词性，而不引发词义改变。第三步，确定所填词能让整个句子意义连贯通顺提醒：假如提醒词为形容词或副词，有时是考查词反义形式或形容词或副词比较等级；假如提醒词为名词，有时是考查名词单复数。28/44走出误区29/44易错点1词性把握不准①(·赤峰一模)Finally，whenwefinishedourwork______________(success)，shegaveeachofusabighug.②(母题变式)Finally，whenwefinishedourworkina___________(success)way，shegaveeachofusabighug.③(母题变式)Finally，whenwe______________(success)infinishingourwork，shegaveeachofusabighug.successfullysuccessfulsucceeded30/44

[点拨]句①中此空修饰动词finish，故要用该词副词形式；句②中此空修饰名词way，故要用该词形容词形式；句③中此空在句中作谓语，故填动词形式。31/44易错点2形对意不对①(·湖州二模)Therichmanwas____________(will)toofferanyhelp，whichgreatlyupsetallthepeoplepresent.②(母题变式)Therichmanwasnot____________(will)toofferanyhelp，whichgreatlyupsetallthepeoplepresent.unwillingwilling32/44

[点拨]句①中空格在be动词后，故用形容词形式。句意：这位富人(不愿意)提供任何帮助，这使在场人非常失望。依据句意，可判断此词用否定形式。句②中空格在be动词后，故要用该词形容词形式。句意：这位富人不(愿意)提供任何帮助，这使在场人非常失望。依据句意可判断，此词用必定形式。33/44随堂训练34/44Ⅰ.单句练习❶Theyarealwaysgatheringintheirwinterfoodinthemiddleofsummerandtheyaremaking______________(prepare)forthelongcoldwinter.❷(·广东高考)Butsuchasmallthingcouldn't___________(possible)destroyavillage.❸(·福建高考改编)ltwas_____________(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.❹Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverhearda_________(good)voice.preparationspossiblyconsideratebetter35/44❺(·湖北高考改编)Thegirlusedtobeshy，butis___________(gradual)gettingactiveingroupworkandismorewillingtoexpressherself.❻(·莱芜一模)Everythingthatisaboutacharactercanhelpustounderstandhim，fromhis_____________(appear)tothekindoffoodheeats.❼(·临沂二模)In1971，afternearlytwohundred________(failure)，Tu'steamfinallyfoundanextractthatwas100%effectiveagainstthemalariaparasites-artemisinin.graduallyappearancefailures36/44Ⅱ.易错练习❶(·海口一模)Theyhopeitmightreduce，or________(possible)erase(抹去)theeffectofpainfulmemories.❷(·衡水二模)Peoplearen'talwaysthosewhotheydeclaretobeintheironline_____________(describe)．❸Onourwayhome，thejourneywasmuch________(easy)thanbeforeaseveryoneelsefellfastasleep.❹Boxingwasthesportthatlliked________(much)，becauseit'smorechallengingandexcitingtome.possiblydescriptioneasiermost37/44❺Sleepshouldalwaysbeenoughtomakeonebringbackhis________(strong)andgetreadyforaday'swork.❻Whenevertherearefestivalsorhappyevents，peopleofallageswill________(happy)jointhedance.strengthhappily38/44Ⅲ.语篇练习：用词性转换成比较等级形式填空。Hopeiswhatmakesone'slifemoveforward.Settinggoalsforoneselfisfine，buttheyare1._____________(possible)toreachwithouthope.Manypeople2.__________(belief)thathopeiswhatcreatesdisappointment.Whatasadbeliefthatis!In3.________(real)，hopeprovidesonewiththeabilitytosee4.________(succeed)inone'smindandthestreng