新版轮机英语unit35watchkeeping省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖课件

Lesson35TextWatchkeeping(值班)1/108Atthebeginningof

thewatchthecurrent(当前)

operationalparameters(运行参数)

andtheconditionofallmachineryshouldbeverified(检验,校验)2/108andalsothelog(轮机日志)readingsshouldcorrespondwith(beinagreementwith)thoseobserved.3/108Theengineerofficer

incharge(onduty)

shouldnoteifthereareanyspecialorders（指令）orinstructions（说明）relatingtotheoperationofthemainmachineryorauxiliaries.4/108Heshoulddetermine（决定）

whatworkisinprogress（在进行中）

andanyhazards(dangers)orlimitations(限制,不足)itpresents.5/108Thelevelsoftanks

containingfuel,water,slops(污油),ballast(压载水),etc.,shouldbenotedandalsothelevelofthevariousbilges(舱底水).6/108Theoperatingmode(运行模式)

ofequipmentand

availablestandby(备用)

equipment

shouldalsobenoted.

7/108Atappropriateintervals(e.g.at30-minuteintervals)

inspectionshouldbemadeofthemainpropulsionplant（主推进装置）,auxiliarymachinery（辅助机械）

andsteeringgearspaces（舵机间）.

8/108Anyroutine(常规,通例)

adjustmentsmaythenbemadeandmalfunctions(故障)

orbreakdowns（损坏）canbenoted（统计）,reportedandcorrected.

9/108Duringthese

toursofinspection（巡检）

bilgelevelshouldbenoted,pipingandsystemsshouldbeobserved

forleaks(泄漏),andlocalindicatinginstruments（指示仪表）

alsobeobserved.10/108Bridge(驾驶室)

ordersmustbe

promptly（快速）

carriedoutandarecord（统计）

ofanyrequiredchangesinspeedanddirection

shouldbekept.

11/108Whenunderstandbyormaneuvering(机动操作)

conditionswiththemachinerybeingmanuallyoperated

thecontrolunitorconsole(控制台)

shouldbe

continuouslymanned(有些人值守).12/108Certainwatchkeepingduties（尤其值班）

arenecessaryfor

thecontinuousoperationofequipmentorplant-thetransferringoffuelforinstance.13/108*Inadditiontotheseregulartasks（要求任务），

otherrepairormaintenancetasksmayberequiredofthewatchkeepingpersonnel(人员).14/108*Howevernotasksshouldbeundertaken(从事,进行)

whichwillinterfere(干扰，影响)

withthesupervisory(管理、监督)

dutiesrelatingtothemainmachineryandassociatedequipment.15/108＊Duringthewatch

alogorrecordwillbetaken

ofthevariousparametersofmainandauxiliary(辅助)

equipment.

16/108Fuelconsumption(消耗量)

figuresareusedtodeterminetheefficiencyofoperation,inadditionto

providingacheck（查对）

ontheavailablebunker(燃料仓)

quantities.

17/108*Lubricatingoil(润滑油)

tanklevels

tosomeextent(partly)

indicatesengineoil

consumption.18/108Ifthesump

levelweretorisethiswouldindicatewaterleakageintotheoilandan

investigation(调查、检验)

into(of,on)thecausemustbe

made.19/108*Theengineexhausttemperaturereadingshouldallbeaboutthesametoindicateanequalpowerproductionfromeachcylinder.20/108＊Thevarioustemperatureandpressurevalues

forthecoolingwaterandlubricatingoil

shouldbe

at,ornearto,themanufacturer’sdesignedvalues

fortheparticularspeedorfuellever(油门调整杆)settings.21/108Variousparameters

forthemainengineturbo-blowers(涡轮增压器)

arealsologged.Sincetheyarehighspeedturbines(涡轮)

thecorrectsupplyoflubricatingoilisessential.22/108*Theaircoolershouldbesuppliedwithadequateamountofcoolingwatertoensureefficientcombustion.23/108*Variouslevelandtemperaturereadingsaretaken（测量）ofheavyoiltanks,bothsettlingandservice,sterntubebearings,seawater,etc.24/108*Theoperatingdieselgeneratorswillhave

theirexhaust(排气)

temperatures,coolingwaterandlubricatingoiltemperaturesandpressures

logged

inmuchthesamewayasforthemainengine.25/108*Ofparticularimportancewillbethelogofrunninghours（运行时间）

sincethiswillbethebasis（依据）

foroverhauling(大修，检修)themachinery.26/108Otherauxiliarymachineryandequipment（设备）,suchasheatexchangers,

freshwatergenerator(evaporator)(造水机),boiler,airconditioningplantandrefrigerationplantwillalsohaveappropriatereadingstaken.

27/108Therewillusuallybesummarizedordailyaccount（日志表）tablesforheavyoil,dieseloil,lubricatingoilandfreshwater,whichwillbecompiled(汇编)

atnoon.

28/108Thecompletedlogisusedto

compile

asummarysheet(报表)

orabstract(摘要、小计)

ofinformation

whichisreturnedtothecompanyheadofficeforrecordpurposes.29/108＊Wheresituationsoccurinthemachinespace(机舱)

whichmayaffectthespeed,maneuverability(机动性能),powersupplyorotheressentialsforthesafeoperationoftheship,thebridgeshouldbeinformed

assoonaspossible.30/108Theengineerinchargeshouldnotify(通知)

the*ChiefEngineer

intheeventofanyseriousoccurrence(事件)

orasituationwhereheisunsureoftheaction（行动）totake.31/108However,whereimmediate（马上）actionisnecessarytoensuresafetyoftheship,itsmachineryandcrew,it

mustbetakenbytheengineerincharge.32/108Atthecompletionofthewatcheachmembershouldhandover(交与)

tohisrelief(接班人员),ensuringthatheiscompetent(能胜任)

to

takeover(接管)

andcarryouthisdutieseffectively(有效地).33/108ReadingMaterialsA.

KeepingWatch34/108Theengineroomshouldalways(总是）

bekeptcleanandingoodorder.35/108Theexhaust-gases（排烟）

shouldfrequentlybewatched.Theyshouldbealmostinvisible(看不见)

whentheengineoperatesunderfullload.36/108*Asmokyexhaustindicatesthattheengineiseitheroverloadedorthatthefuelvalves（喷油器）

arenot

inpropercondition.

37/108Thecylinderexhaust-gastemperaturesshouldbenotedanditshouldbeconfirmed(确认，证实)

thatthepoweroftheengineiswelldistributedamongthecylinders.38/108The

cylinder-jacket(气缸水套)

outlet-watertemperaturesshouldbeobservedanditshouldbeseenthatthereareno

air-locks(气塞).39/108Thewaterlevelinthefresh-waterheadertankshouldbechecked.40/108Ifanair-inletpipeofastartingvalveishotterthantheothers,thevalveshouldberenewed.41/108*Observation(观察)

shouldbemadeoftheturbo-blowerlubricating-oiltemperaturesandpressures,alsotheexhaust-gastemperaturesbeforeandaftertheturbine.42/108Itshouldbeconfirmed（证实，确定）

thattheamountoffueloilintheservicetankissufficientduringthewatch.43/108Openthecocksfordrainingaccumulationofoilintheexhaustmanifold(排气管)

atdefiniteintervals（定时）.44/108Thecylinderlubricators(注油器)

shouldbeexaminedforsatisfactoryoperation.45/108Thepiston-coolingpipesandthestuffingboxes(填料函)

forthepistonrodsshouldbeexaminedforleakage(泄漏).46/108*Allthepressuresandtemperaturesindicatedbyvariousgaugesandthermometers(温度计)

shouldberegularlyobserved.

47/108Theamountoflubricatingoilinthedraintankshouldbecheckedby

sounding(探测).48/108Iflubricatingoilfiltersofedgewisecleaningtype(刃口清洁式滑油滤器)

arefitted,*thehandlesshouldbegivenafewturns.49/108Theseawatertemperatureshouldbenotedandthetemperaturesat(of)thelubricatingoilandfresh-watercoolers(shouldbe)examined.50/108*Akeen(敏锐)

sense(感觉、判断力)

ofhearingobtainedfrompractice（实践）

isimportantfortheengineer,dependingonhisears,todetectabnormalhappeningsintherunninggear（运行装置）.51/108Beforebeingused,thefuelservicetankshouldbedrainedofwaterandresidual(残[剩]余;渣滓).52/108*Iftwotanksareinstalled,theemptytankshouldbepumpedup（泵满）

directlyitisempty.53/108Thegaugesonthefueloilservicetanksshouldbewatchedtoseethattheoilsupplytotheinjectionpumps(喷油泵)

ismaintained.54/108*Theventcocks(放气旋塞)onthefuelinjectionpumplinesshouldbeopenedfrequentlytoventanyairthatmayhaveaccumulated（积聚）inthem.55/108Duringmaneuvers（机动操纵）,thefresh-watertemperatureshouldberegulatedbythrottling(节流,调整)

thesea-watersupplytothefresh-watercooler.56/108*Besideobservingthepressureinthecoolingwater,regularreadingsshouldbetakenfromthethermometers（温度计）

inthevariouslinesandthecontrolvalvesregulatedtomaintaineven(相同)

temperaturesinallthejackets.

57/108Specialcareshouldbetakentostopleaksofalldescriptions,immediately(when)theyoccur.58/108Vital(关键)components(部件)

oftheengine（发动机）shouldbefrequentlyexamined.59/108Thecrankroom(曲轴箱)

covershouldneverbeallowedtoopenforinvestigation(检验)

whentheengineisrunning.60/108Anditshouldnotbeopeneduntilatleastfifteenminutesaftertheenginestops.Lightsofhighvoltageornakedlights(没有灯罩灯)

shouldneverbeused.61/108B.WatchkeepingDutiesAtSea62/108Constantinspectionisaprecaution(预防办法)

whichcontributesto(有利于)

avoidingtroubleandthefollowingroutinesmustbecarriedoutatregularintervalsundernormaloperatingconditions:63/1081Regularlycheckandrecordallpressuresandtemperaturesandenterthesameintheengineroomlog.64/108*Adherenceto(恪守、坚持)

differentialsintemperatureandpressurelimitsisveryimportant.

65/108Ifatemperatureorpressureisindoubt（怀疑）

itshouldbecheckedagainstanotherinstrument,aroughguesstotemperatureisbythefeelofthehand.66/1083.*Due(应有、适当)

considerationmustbegiventoenginespeedandtotheconditionsoftheloadingoftheshipandtothecleanlinessofthehull(船体)

whenperformanceandrecordsoftheenginearebeingassessed(评定).

67/108Shoptestreports（出厂检验汇报）

andinstructionmanuals（说明书）

areareliablereferenceandmustbetreatedassuch.

68/108Allrecordsareimportantbutparticularattentionmustbemadetoturbocharger(涡轮增压器)

revolutions,scavengeairreceiver(扫气箱)

pressuresandtemperatures,andcylinderexhaustgastemperatures.69/108Considerationmustbegiventothecalorificvalue(热值)

ofthefuelwhenassessingthedailyfuelconsumption.70/1084.Checkthatthecontrolvalvesforthecoolingandlubricatingsystemsaresetproperly.71/108Ifthereisinsufficientpressureinanysystemthenthesafetydevicealarmwillbeacceleratedandtheenginestopped.72/108All（全部）excessivepressuredropsmustbechecked.73/1085.*Adjustmentsmustbemadetobringanyabnormallyhighorlowtemperaturestowithintheprescribed(要求,指定)

rangebutthismustbeattainedgradually.

74/108Abrupt(突然)

temperaturechangescanincreasethermalstress(应力)

andmaycausetrouble.75/108Checktheairtemperatureafterthe

chargeraircooler.76/108Thistemperatureshouldbeaslowaspossible,ahightemperature

resultsin

lessoxygenbeingavailableforcombustionandincreasedfuelconsumptionaswellashigherexhaustgastemperatures.77/108Anidealtemperaturedifferentialbetween

theseawaterinlettotheaircoolerandtheairoutletfromthecoolerisabout17℃.78/1086.Caremustbetaken,inclimateswithahighhumidity,thatthetemperatureofthescavenge

airis,ifpossible,keptabovethedewpoint(露点),79/108otherwisecondensation(凝结)

willformintheairreceiverandthedrainwillrequiretobecracked(开缝)

opentoavoidrustformation.80/108Whenwaterisapparent(显著)

intheairreceiverthenacheckmustbemadetoverifywhetheritisseawaterorfreshwater;81/108ifitisseawaterthenthecoolerisleakingandrectification(修正,修复)

isrequired.82/1087.*Drainscavengespaceandjacketdrains,alsopistonrodglands(填料盖[箱])

ifthereisanexcessleakageoflubricatingoilfromthegland,83/108thenthescraper(刮油环)

andsealingrings(密封环)

shouldbeattended(注意，留意)to

atthefirstopportunity(尽早).84/1088.*Check,andifnecessary,adjusttherateoffeedofthecylinderlubricators.85/1089.Checkthetemperatureofthecrankcase

doorsbyhand.86/10810.Ensurethatthefuelinthedailyservicetankshasbeenproperlycleanedandthatwaterandsludge(油泥)

havebeendrainedoff.Drainsludgefromfuelfilters(过滤器)

andpurifiers(分油机).87/10811.*Whenburningheavyfuelensurethatthereissufficientheatavailabletobringtheviscosity(粘度)

ofthefueltowithintheprescribedlimits.88/10812.Ensurethatventsfromcoolingwaterspacesarekeptopentopermitairtoescape.89/10813.Checkthepressuredropacrossfuelandlubricationoilfilters.90/108Turnallmanuallyoperatedfiltersandcheckthatautomaticfiltersareoperatingsatisfactorily,drainsludgeifnecessary.91/10814.Checkthepressuredropacrossthechargeaircoolersforbothseaandairpressure.92/10815.Checkoillevelsingovernor(调速器)

andotherauxiliary(辅助)

equipment.93/10816.Checkallhighpressurefuellines