PETS-5级写作辅导市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

PETS5级考试写作辅导讲座

(第二讲)主讲人：陈敏哲1/56英语作文篇章结构英语作文详细写法因写作目标、要求不一样，可有不一样篇章结构。就应试写作而言，主要有以下几个篇章结构：1．解释性结构；2．分析性结构；3．比较性结构；4．评论性结构；2/56解释性结构1.解释原因1.1基本篇章结构介绍解释现象，分析原因是英语写作中常见结构。这种作文主要是对某种社会（自然）现象，问题出现或发生原因进行解释。其基本结构以下：3/56IntroductionofProblemorPhenomenonThesisStatementCauseoneCausetwoCausethree…Conclusion4/561.2例文及评析

TasklYouareallowed30minutestowriteanessayabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Since1980,divorcerateinChinahasincreasedrapidlyasshowninthefollowinggraph.Whatarethecausesforit?5/56PercentageofPeopleWhoGotDivorcedDuringtheYearsbetween1960to6/561)ASampleArticle7/562)Evaluation:

Thefirstsentenceofparagraph2hasthreefunctions:(1)Thephrase“theupwardtrend”connectthe1standthe2ndparagraphs,and(2)itexpoundsthethemeofthearticle;(3)“threeimportantchanges”tellsthereaderswhatwillbediscussedinthefollowing.8/56Thelastsentence“Thereisasignificantchangeinpeople'straditionalviewofmarriageanddivorce.”istheechoofthefirstsentence“Theupwardtrendindivorcereflectsthreeimportantchangesinoursociety.”9/56Changesindiction:wasconsideredasocialstigma—belookeddownupon;facilitatedivorce—simplifieddivorceprocedures—makeslegalseparationeasyformostpeopletoobtain10/56Employmentofsomeabstractexpressions:Theunprecedentedsocialmobility=Peoplemovefrequentlyfromplacetoplace;geographicseparation=liveindifferentparts.11/56

Task2Youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Teenagesmokinghasbecomeaseriousproblem.Thenumberofyoungsterssmokingcigaretteshasincreaseddramaticallyasshowninthefollowinggraph.Whatarethecausesforthephenomenon?Giveyourexplanation.12/56PercentageandAgeofTeenagersWhoSmoked13/561)ASampleArticle14/562)EvaluationImpersonalstructure: itisrecognizedthat=peoplerecognizedthat; thereisastrongdesirefor=theyouthstronglydesire; thereisasubconsciousfeeling=teenagerssubconsciouslyfeel15/56Changesindiction: someattributeitto—othersplacetheblameon; teenagers—kids—children—youngpeople16/56Changesinsentencepatterns: onlyparticularexternalcircumstanceshavebeenexamined; asustainedanti-smokingcampaignshouldbeconducted17/56Gooddiction: attributeitto,placetheblameon, disciplinechil­dren,perceivesth.as, asymbolofthemysteriousadultworld, beundertheillusionthat, contributeto,asustainedcampaign, thedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit …18/56

Task3Youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Manystatisticalfactssuggestthatthesmartestchildrenmaynotbecomesuccessfulintheirlatercareer.Howtoexplainthephenomenon?Whatfactorsleadtosuccess?Giveyourexplanation.19/561)ASampleArticle20/562)Evaluation:

Thebeginningechoestheend: Accordingtoobservaton,academicbrightnessisonlypartofanswer,theotherfactorsareveryimportant.----Obviously,amongtheingredientsforsuccess,intelligencecountsforthehalf,therestdependsonyourpersonality,andotherabilities.21/56Employmentofrhetoricalquestions:Why…?Why…?Andwhat…?22/56

Changesindiction: Factors----ingredient----component, Expressoneself----conveyyourthoughts, Brightness----intelligence----smart----brains, Ability----competence23/56

Gooddiction:endup,leadto,tideover,provideinformationandresources,amongotherthings,whatreallycounts,thechancesarehigh.24/56

Changesinsentencepatterns: Apersongoingabroadforstudyoftenexperiencemuchmoredifficulty—difficultyinadaptingtoanewculture; Thedifficulty,coupledwiththefrustrationbroughtonbycultureshock,isarewardingexperience. Thereisnobetteropportunitytoimprovesecond-languageskillsthan...25/56Task4Youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Goingabroadforstudiescostsalargesumofmoney.Butevensoitattractsmanyyoungpeople.Doyouliketojointhemifyouhaveanopportunity?Why?Giveyourreasons.26/561)ASampleArticle27/562)Evaluation:

Thebeginningechoestheend: Myansweris:inadditiontoknowledge,Icangainexperiencesthatthosewhostayathomewillneverhave.—Thebenefitisnotmerelyknowledgegained,buttheexperiencesdesir­ableinone'spersonallife.28/56

Changesindiction:goabroadforstudy—studyabroad—overseasstudy—studyexperience;offeradifferentperspectiveof—haveameaningfulunderstandingof—seesth.inanewlight;worthwhile—rewarding29/56

Changesinsentencepatterns: Apersongoingabroadforstudyoftenexperiencemuchmoredifficulty—difficultyinadaptingtoanewculture; Thedifficulty,coupledwiththefrustrationbroughtonbycultureshock,isarewardingexperience. Thereisnobetteropportunitytoimprovesecond-languageskillsthan...30/56

Gooddiction:evoke,offeradifferentperspectiveof…,seesth.inanewlight,beexposedtoideas,adaptto…31/56Task5Youareallowed30minutestowrite300wordsonthefollowingtopic.InrecentyearsmoreandmoreyoungpeoplearepursuingaMaster'sdegree.Whatareyourpersonalreasonsaboutpursuingtobeoneofthem?

32/561)ASampleArticle33/562)Evaluation:Thethemeisputforwarddirectlyattheverybeginningbyemployingtworhetoricalquestionsinordertoattractthereaderseyeballs,andtoputthemintodeepthoughts.34/56

Changesindiction:recruits—candidates;outofwork—outofajob;skilledpersonnel—highlyskilledpersons;degrees—credentials;companies—firms,salary—income35/56

Changesinsentencepatterns: thereisarecognitionthat; publicawarenessone'sincomeisstilldeterminedbytheknowledge; temptingsalariesand"fringebenefits"areoftenoffered; avoidingthepainofwakinguptofindyourselfoutofajob.36/56Task6Youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Nowyoungchildrenareunderextremeacademicpressure.Forexample,theyhavetospendmorethan5hourseverydayonhomeworkbeforetheygotobed.Whatcausethemtodoso?Whatkindsofspecificpressurearethey?Suggestsomewaystochangeitifpossible.37/5638/561)ASampleArticle39/562)Evaluation:Goodcohesion:Therearethreekindsofpressureworkingonthem.Themostevidentpressureisself-inducedpressure.Alongwiththeself-in­ducedpressuregoespeerpressure.Parentalpressurealsoplaysapart.Thefaultisnotwithourchildren,norwithourparentsorteachers,butwithourvalue.40/56

Goodmetaphors:steerthemtowardsasecurefuture;flowerbedinwhichweexpectthemtogerminateistoonarrowandthin.41/56

Repetitiontoachieveemphasis: academicsecurity, careersecurityandfinancialsecu­rity; thebestschoolsandhavethebesttutors42/56

Parallelism:Ourteachersassigntoomuchwork,ourparentspushtheirchildrentoofar,andourstudentsdrivethemselvestoohard;joiningfewerschoolorganizations,takingpartinfewersocialac­tivities,andsleepingfewerhours.43/56

Changesindiction:keyschools—bestschool—prestigiousuniversities;studyhard—workhard—dotoomuchhomework—studymore;join—takepartin44/56

Gooddiction:assignmuchhomework,putenormouspressureon,competefor,alongwith...goes,beunderpressure,justifythecost,steersb.toward,liveupto,beleftbehind,stunthegrowth45/56Task7Youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Nowcollegegraduatescometorealizethatitisnoteasytogetarewardingjob.Manyofthemcan'tgetajobrightaftergradua­tionasshowninthegraph.Whatarethecauses?Giveyourexplanations.46/56PercentageofCollegeGraduatesWhoGotEmployedtheYearTheyGraduatedfrom1999to47/561)ASampleArticle48/562)Evaluation:Employingfigurestoargueforthereasonsleadingtosituationthatcollegegraduatesfinditincreasinglydifficulttogetjobs.49/56

Changesindiction:collegegraduates—collegepopulation,job—posi­tion—work—career—employment50/56

Gooddiction:beparticularabout,animmenseopportunityfor,experienceasharpincrease,put...aboveanythingelse,setastandard51/56Task8Youareallowed30minutestowritean