大学英语精读4-uint5-To-lie-or-not-to-lie省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获

1.Warm-upQuestions2.BackgroundInformation3.WhiteLiesBeforeReading_MainBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingThreeTypesofDoctors4.IntroductoryRemarksAboutMedicineAboutDoctorsOtherMedicalWorkersDefinitionofaWhiteLie

PairWorkonWhiteLies

1/97BeforeReading_1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingWarm-upQuestions1.2.3.Haveyoueverbeentohospital?Whatdidyouthinkofthedoctor’sattitude?Haveyoueverthoughtofbeingadoctor?Whyorwhynot?Supposeyouareseriouslyill,doyouwantthedoctortotellyouthetruthornot?Why?2/97BeforeReading_1_aboutMedicineBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingAboutMedicineMedicineisthepracticeofmaintainingofhealthandpreventing,alleviating,orcuringofdisease.WHO,ortheWorldHealthOrganization,declaredthathealthis“astateofcompletephysical,mentalandsocialwell-being,andnotmerelytheabsenceofdisease”.Obviouslythegoalofmedicineistomaintainhealth.■3/97BeforeReading_1_aboutdoctorsBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingAboutDoctorsDoctorsrefertophysiciansandothermedicalhealers.IntheUnitedStatestheyarecalledhealthcareprofessionals,whichincludephysicians,surgeons,dentists.Mostofthemworkinhealthcareservices,whichinvolvediagnosingandtreatingpatients.Othersworkmainlyinresearching,teaching,oradministrationofmedicalfacilities.■4/97BeforeReading_1_ThreetypesofdoctorsBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingThreeTypesofDoctorsGeneralpractitioners:(全科医生)Theymaynothavespecialtraininginanyparticularmedicalfield,butdevelopsawideknowledgeofallkindsofillness.Specialists:(教授，专科医生)Somedoctorsprefertotreatonlycertainkindsofillness,thusbecomingspecialistsintheirchosenfield.5/97BeforeReading_1_threetypesofdoctors2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingResearchers:(医学研究人员)Thosedoctorsoftenhelpteachfuturephysiciansinmedicalschools.Atthesametime,theyusethelaboratoriesandhospitalfacilitiesofthemedicalschoolstoconductresearchprograms.

6/97BeforeReading_1_othermedicalworkersBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingOtherMedicalWorkersPhysician内科医生Surgeon外科医生7/97BeforeReading_1_othermedicalworkersBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingOtherMedicalWorkersDentist牙医Intern,Resident,ChiefResident实习医生，住院医生，住院总医师Nurse,HeadNurse护士，护士长8/97BeforeReading_1_othermedicalworkersBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingOtherMedicalWorkersVeterinarian(Vet)兽医Quack江湖游医9/97Awhitelieisaliethatisconsideredtobejustified,orevenpraiseworthy,ifitisintheinterestsofthepersonorpeopletowhomitistold.Quiteoften,adoctor’slieisthoughttobeacaseinpoint.BeforeReading_liesBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingDefinitionofaWhiteLie10/971.Compilealistofsituationsinwhichyouthinkawhiteliewouldbejustified.2.Recalloccasionsonwhichyouhavetoldawhitelieandexplainwhyitwasjustified.3.Discussaboutthewould-bebenefitsandwould-becostsaboutwhitelies.BeforeReading_IiesBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingPairWorkonWhiteLies11/97BeforeReading_India_introductoryremarksBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingIntroductoryRemarksWhentreatingseriouslyillpatients,manydoctorsthinkthatitisbestnottotellthemthetruthabouttheircondition.Thesedoctorssincerelybelievethattheyhavegoodreasonstotellliesforthepatients’ownbenefit.Buttheauthorofthisarticletakesadifferentviewonthisissue.Shegivesseveralreasonswhypatients,especiallythosewhoaredying,shouldbetoldthetruth.Shealsodiscussesthegreatharmdoctors’liesdonotonlytotheirpatients,butalsotothedoctorsthemselvesandtotheentiremedicalprofession.Andinthelastparagraphofthearticle,theauthorurgesthatanopendebatebeheldonthisissue.12/97GlobeReading_mainBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading1.PartDivisionoftheText2.GroupPresentation3.FurtherUnderstandingForPart1ForPart2BlankFillingMultipleChoiceTrueorFalseForPart313/97GlobeReading._QuestionsAbouttheText1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingPartDivisionoftheTextMainIdeasLinesParts11~26227~55356~71Doctors’reasonsfortellingliesTheauthor’sreasonswhypatientsshouldbetoldthetruthTheauthorurgesthatanopendebatebeheldonthisissue.

14/97AfterReading_4BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingGroupPresentation1)Doctors’reasonsfortellinglies－Liesmaybenefit－Liesmayhelpspeed－Suchliesdiffer－Theseriouslyilldon’twanttoknow－Tellingthemthetruthrisks－Afterlearningthetruthoftheircondition,patientsmaymoreslowlyorfaster,perhapseven－will“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.Dividetheclassintotwogroups.Askthefirstgrouptogooverthefirstpartofthetextandfindoutthereasonswhysomedoctorstellliestotheirseriouslyillpatientsandaskthesecondgrouptogooverthesecondpartofthetextandlookfortheauthor’sreasonswhypatientsshouldbetoldthetruth.thepatient__________.recovery__________.sharplyfromself-servingones__________________________.thetruthabouttheircondition________________________.destroyingtheirhope_________________.recover_______deteriorate_________commitsuicide____________.Deceptivepractices________________15/97Evidenceisnowbeingprovidedthatitisthatliescanbehelpful.StudiesshowthatanoverwhelmingmajorityofdowanttobetoldthetruthandthattheyfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenkeptTruthfulinformation,,helpspatientsillness.Ithelpsthembetter,needlessmedicine,andevenaftersurgery.Liesinvadetheandrenderthemmakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth.Dyingpatientswhoareliedtoabouttheirconditioncan’tLiesalsodoharmtodoctors’andtheirLiesalsothosedoctorswhoareLiestheentireAfterReading_4BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2)Theauthor’sreasonswhypatientsshouldbetoldthetruth－－－－－－－untrue______patients______inthedark_________.humanelyconveyed_________________copewith________toleratepain__________recoverfaster___________autonomyofpatients_________________unableto________makedecisionsabouttheendoflife_____________________________.integrity______credibility________.hurt___honestwiththeirpatients____________________.injure_____medicalprofession_______________.16/971.Theauthorwantstotellusinthispart_____.A)whydoctorsdon'talwaystellthetruthB)thebenefitsofnotknowingtheseriousnessofanillnessC)whysometimesdoctorslieespeciallytoseriouslyillpatientsD)tohavearoutinephysicalcheckupGlobeReading._multiple1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingMultipleChoiceKEY17/97GlobeReading_multiple2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2.Somedoctorspracticedeceptionbecausetheybelievethat__________.A)tellingthepatientsthetruthmaydestroytheirhopeofrecoveryB)theirliesareabsolutelydifferentfromself-servingones

C)theseriouslyilldon’twanttoknowthetruthabouttheirconditionD)alloftheaboveKEY3.Studiesshowthatdoctors’deceptionabouttheseriousnessofanillness______.A)maydestroythepatient’shopeofrecoveryB)makeapatientrecoverfasterC)makeapatientcommitsuicideD)makeapatientfeelbetterKEY18/97GlobeReading_multiple3BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading4.Patientsmosteasilymisledarethosewhoare______.A)goingtobeoperatedonB)dyingC)justenteringhospitalD)recoveringslowlyKEY19/97GlobeReading._trueorfalseBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingTrueorFalsePeoplehavefullyunderstoodtheharmfulnessofdoctor’sdeception.Truthfulinformation,properlyexpressed,canhelppatientsdealwithillnessbetter.Intheauthor’seyes,itisnotsuchabadthingsometimeswhenpatientsarenottoldthetruth.1.2.3.F(

)Buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttoproduceisnowcomingtobedocumented.T()F(

)Wearebecomingincreasinglyawareofallthatcanbefallpatientsinthecourseoftheirillnesswheninformationisdeniedordistorted.20/97GlobeReading._trueorfalseBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLiesonlydoharmtoseriouslyillpatients.4.F(

)Liesnotonlydoharmtopatients,butalsotothosewhotellthem.TDoctors’deceptiontopatientscontributestothespiraloflawsuits.()5.21/97GlobeReading._blankfillingBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingBlankFillingSharpconflictsarenowarising.Patientsarelearningtoanswersfromdoctorsandtheyrequirethattheyshouldbeinformedaboutfortreatment.Thoughmostdoctorstoprovidetrueinformationtotheirpatients,somearestilltryingpractices.ItisespeciallydifficultfornursestoonthisissuebecausetheyfeelTheauthorasksforanopenaboutthisissuenotonlyinmedicinebutalsoinother.Manydoctorshavetoavoidtheseriousthroughdeception.Eventuallylieswillspreadandtrust.Sothepublicshouldbeprofessionaldeception.Listentothefollowingparagraphfromthetextandfillintheblankswiththewordsyouhear.Directions:pressfor_________alternatives___________gotogreatlengths________________age-old_______takeastand___________powerless_________.debate______professions_________erode______waryof_______■consequences_____________22/97Article_SBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingIsiteverproperforamedicaldoctortolietohispatients?Shouldhetellapatientheisdying?Thesequestionsseemsimpleenough,butitisnotsosimpletogiveasatisfactoryanswertothem.

23/97Article1_SBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingShoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatients—tospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfedbygreaterneeds:theneedtoshelterfrombrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy;toexposecorruptionortopromotethepublicinterest.

ToLieorNotToLie—TheDoctor’sDilemmaSisselaBok24/97Article2_SBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingWhatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupjustbeforegoingonvacationwithhisfamilywho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaformofcancerthatwillcausehimtodiewithinsixmonths?Isitbesttotellhimthetruth?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctorsdenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheillness?Shouldtheyatleastconcealthetruthuntilafterthefamilyvacation?

Doctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.Attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatient’sownsake;intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.25/97Article3_S

Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.Asonephysicianwrote:“Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortruth’ssake,andthatis‘asfaraspossibledonoharm.’”

Armedwithsuchaprecept,anumberofdoctorsmayslipintodeceptivepracticesthattheyassumewill“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.Theymayprescribeinnumerableplacebos,soundmoreencouragingthanthefactswarrant,anddistortgravenews,especiallytotheincurablyillandthedying.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading26/97Article4_S

Buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttoproduceisnowcomingtobedocumented.Studiesshowthat,contrarytothebeliefofmanyphysicians,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth,evenaboutgraveillness,andfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.Wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation,humanelyconveyed,helpspatientscopewithillness:helpsthemtoleratepainbetter,needlessmedicine,andevenrecoverfasteraftersurgery.

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingNotonlydoliesnotprovidethe“help”hopedforbyadvocatesofbenevolentdeception;theyinvadetheautonomyofpatientsandrenderthemunabletomakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth,includingthechoiceofwhethertobeapatientinthefirstplace.Wearebecomingincreasinglyawareofallthatcanbefallpatientsinthecourseoftheirillnesswheninformationisdeniedordistorted.27/97Article5_S

Dyingpatientsespecially—whoareeasiesttomisleadandmostoftenkeptinthedark—canthennotmakedecisionsabouttheendoflife:aboutwhetherornottheyshouldenterahospital,orhavesurgery;aboutwhereandwithwhomtheyshouldspendtheirremainingtime;abouthowtheyshouldbringtheiraffairstoacloseandtakeleave.Liesalsodoharmtothosewhotellthem:harmtotheirintegrityand,inthelongrun,totheircredibility.Lieshurttheircolleaguesaswell.Thesuspicionofdeceitundercutstheworkofthemanydoctorswhoarescrupulouslyhonestwiththeirpatients;itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensivemedicine”,andthusitinjures,inturn,theentiremedicalprofession.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading28/97Article6_S

Sharpconflictsarenowarising.Patientsarelearningtopressforanswers.Patients’billsofrightsrequirethattheybeinformedabouttheirconditionandaboutalternativesfortreatment.Manydoctorsgotogreatlengthstoprovidesuchinformation.Yeteveninhospitalswiththemosteloquentbillofrights,believersinbenevolentdeceptioncontinuetheirage-oldpractices.Colleaguesmaydisapprovebutrefrainfromobjecting.Nursesmaybitterlyresenthavingtotakepart,dayafterday,indeceivingpatients,butfeelpowerlesstotakeastand.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading29/97Article7_S

Thereisurgentneedtodebatethisissueopenly.Notonlyinmedicine,butinotherprofessionsaswell,practitionersmayfindthemselvesrepeatedlyindifficultywhereseriousconsequencesseemavoidableonlythroughdeception.Yetthepublichaseveryreasontobewaryofprofessionaldeception,forsuchpracticesarepeculiarlylikelytobecomedeeplyrooted,tospread,andtoerodetrust.Neitherinmedicine,norinlaw,government,orthesocialsciencescantherebecomfortintheoldsaying,“Whatyoudon’tknowcan’thurtyou.”BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading30/97Article1_wBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingShoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatients—tospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfedbygreaterneeds:theneedtoshelterfrombrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy;toexpose

corruptionortopromotethepublicinterest.

ToLieorNotToLie—TheDoctor’sDilemmaSisselaBok31/97Article2_wBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingWhatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupjustbeforegoingonvacationwithhisfamilywho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaformofcancerthatwillcausehimtodiewithinsixmonths?Isitbesttotellhimthetruth?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctorsdenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheillness?Shouldtheyatleastconcealthetruthuntilafterthefamilyvacation?

Doctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.Attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatient’sownsake;intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.32/97Article3_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingStudiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.Asonephysicianwrote:“Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortruth’ssake,andthatis‘asfaraspossibledonoharm.’”Armedwithsuchaprecept,anumberofdoctorsmayslipintodeceptivepracticesthattheyassumewill“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.Theymayprescribeinnumerableplacebos,soundmoreencouragingthanthefactswarrant,anddistortgravenews,especiallytotheincurablyillandthedying.33/97Article4_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingButtheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttoproduceisnowcomingtobedocumented.Studiesshowthat,contrarytothebeliefofmanyphysicians,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth,evenaboutgraveillness,andfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.Wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation,humanelyconveyed,helpspatientscopewithillness:helpsthemtoleratepainbetter,needlessmedicine,andevenrecoverfasteraftersurgery.

Notonlydoliesnotprovidethe“help”hopedforbyadvocatesofbenevolentdeception;theyinvadetheautonomyofpatientsandrenderthemunabletomakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth,includingthechoiceofwhethertobeapatientinthefirstplace.Wearebecomingincreasinglyawareofallthatcanbefallpatientsinthecourseoftheirillnesswheninformationisdeniedordistorted.34/97Article5_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingDyingpatientsespecially—whoareeasiesttomisleadandmostoftenkept

inthedark—canthennotmakedecisionsabouttheendoflife:aboutwhetherornottheyshouldenterahospital,orhavesurgery;aboutwhereandwithwhomtheyshouldspendtheirremainingtime;abouthowtheyshouldbringtheiraffairstoacloseandtakeleave.Liesalsodoharmtothosewhotellthem:harmtotheirintegrityand,inthelongrun,totheircredibility.Lieshurttheircolleaguesaswell.Thesuspicionofdeceitundercutstheworkofthemanydoctorswhoarescrupulouslyhonestwiththeirpatients;itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensivemedicine,”andthusitinjures,inturn,theentiremedicalprofession.35/97Article6_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingSharpconflictsarenowarising.Patientsarelearningtopressforanswers.Patients’billsofrightsrequirethattheybeinformedabouttheirconditionandaboutalternativesfortreatment.Manydoctorsgotogreatlengthstoprovidesuchinformation.Yeteveninhospitalswiththemosteloquentbillofrights,believersinbenevolentdeceptioncontinuetheirage-oldpractices.Colleaguesmaydisapprovebutrefrainfrom

objecting.Nursesmaybitterlyresenthavingtotakepart,dayafterday,indeceivingpatients,butfeelpowerlesstotakeastand.36/97Article7_w

But,youmayask,whyiswritingnecessary?Well,thephysicalactofwriting,withyourownhand,bringswordsandsentencesmoresharplybeforeyourmindandpreservesthembetterinyourmemory.Tosetdownyourreactiontoimportantwordsandsentencesyouhaveread,andthequestionstheyhaveraisedinyourmind,istopreservethosereactionsandsharpenthosequestions.Youcanpickupthebookthefollowingweekoryear,andthereareallyourpointsofagreement,disagreement,doubtandinquiry.It’slikeresuminganinterruptedconversationwiththeadvantageofbeingabletopickupwhereyouleftoff.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading37/97Article8_w

Andthatisexactlywhatreadingabookshouldbe:aconversationbetweenyouandtheauthor.Presumablyheknowsmoreaboutthesubjectthanyoudo;naturallyyou’llhavetheproperhumilityasyouapproachhim.Butdon’tletanybodytellyouthatareaderissupposedtobesolelyonthereceivingend.Understandingisatwo-wayoperation;learningdoesn’tconsistinbeinganemptyreceptacle.Thelearnerhastoquestionhimselfandquestiontheteacher.Heevenhastoarguewiththeteacher,onceheunderstandswhattheteacherissaying.Andmarkingabookisliterallyanexpressionofyourdifferences,oragreementsofopinion,withtheauthor.Thereareallkindsofdevicesformarkingabookintelligentlyandfruitfully.Here’sthewayIdoit:1.Underlining:ofmajorpoints,ofimportantorforcefulstatements.2.Verticallinesatthemargin:toemphasizeastatementalreadyunderlined.3.Star,asterisk,orotherdoo-dadatthemargin:tobeusedsparingly,toemphasizethetenortwentymostimportantstatementsinthebook.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading38/97Article9_w

4.Numbersinthemargin:toindicatethesequenceofpointstheauthormakesindevelopingasingleargument.5.Numbersofotherpagesinthemargin:toindicatewhereelseinthebooktheauthormadepointsrelevanttothepointmarked;totieuptheideasinabook,which,thoughtheymaybeseparatedbymanypages,belongtogether.6.Circlingofkeywordsorphrases.7.Writinginthemargin,oratthetoporbottomofthepage,forthesakeof:recordingquestions(andperhapsanswers)whichapassageraisedinyourmind;reducingacomplicateddiscussiontoasimplestatement;recordingthesequenceofmajorpointsrightthroughthebook.Iusetheend-papersatthebackofthebooktomakeapersonalindexoftheauthor’spointsintheorderoftheirappearance.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading39/97Article10_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingThereisurgentneedtodebatethisissueopenly.Notonlyinmedicine,butinotherprofessionsaswell,practitionersmayfindthemselvesrepeatedlyindifficultywhereseriousconsequencesseemavoidableonlythroughdeception.Yetthepublichaseveryreasontobewaryofprofessionaldeception,forsuchpracticesarepeculiarlylikelytobecomedeeplyrooted,tospread,andtoerodetrust.Neitherinmedicine,norinlaw,government,orthesocialsciencescantherebecomfortintheoldsaying,“Whatyoudon’tknowcan’thurtyou.”40/97Shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatients—tospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfedbygreaterneeds:theneedtoshelterfrombrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy;toexposecorruptionortopromotethepublicinterest.

ToLieorNotToLie—TheDoctor’sDilemmaSisselaBokArticle1_S_1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading1.Whatisthegrammaticalfunctionofthesentenceafterthecolon?…greaterneeds:theneed…这里冒号后面句子是前面greatneeds同位语。2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.医疗行业与法律、政府及其它行业一样，往往对老实是否问题看得不那么主要。相比之下要紧倒是另外一些事情。譬如，应设法防止可怕消息造成打击，或是考虑恪守保守秘密诺言,或是需要揭露腐败或促进公众利益。41/97Whatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupjustbeforegoingonvacationwithhisfamilywho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaformofcancerthatwillcausehimtodiewithinsixmonths?Isitbesttotellhimthetruth?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctorsdenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheillness?Shouldtheyatleastconcealthetruthuntilafterthefamilyvacation?

Doctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.Attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatient’sownsake;intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.Article2_S_2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingInthisparagraph,theauthorusesfourquestionmarks.Whatdoesshewanttotellus?Shewantstoshowusthedoctor’sdilemmawhethertolietosuchapatientornot.42/97Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.Asonephysicianwrote:“Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortruth’ssake,andthatis‘asfaraspossibledonoharm.’”

Armedwithsuchaprecept,anumberofdoctorsmayslipintodeceptivepracticesthattheyassumewill“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.Theymayprescribeinnumerableplacebos,soundmoreencouragingthanthefactswarrant,anddistortgravenews,especiallytotheincurablyill