高级英语Unit5SpeechonHitler27sInvasionoftheU.S.S.R.省公开

AdvancedEnglishBookOneUnit5SpeechonHitler’sInvasionoftheU.S.S.R.

1/55TeachingObjectives1.knowthebackgroundofthespeechdelivery

;2.

understandthestructureandgraspthemainideaofthetext;3.

masterthelanguagepointsappearedintheunit;4.

appreciatetheskillsandrhetoricdevicesofmakingagoodspeech;5.conductaseriesofdiscussing,analyzing,presentingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeofthisessay.2/55SpeechonHitler’sInvasionoftheU.S.S.R.CONTENTSBEADCLead-inGlobalReadingDetailedReadingExercise&HomeworkPostReading3/55Lead-in

I.QuestionsforDiscussionWhatdoyouknowaboutWinstonChurchill?4/55WinstonSpencerChurchill(1874---1965)BritishstatesmanPrimeMinisteroftheUnitedKingdomtwoterms(1940-45,1951-55)anofficerintheBritishArmyoratororator英

[ˈɒrətə(r)]

ahistorianaNobelPrize-winningwriteranartistLead-in5/55FamilyandearlylifeNickname:“Winnie”Familyfather:apolitician

mother:thedaughterofanAmericanmillionaire

onebrotherHehad1sonand4daughters.Education:HarrowandRoyalMilitaryCollege,Sandhurst英国陆军军官学校(在桑德赫斯特)MaidenSpeech:处女演说

18February1901inthedebateontheKing'sSpeechontheBoerWar

Lead-in6/55Independent&rebelliousGoodatEnglishandhistorytheschool'sfencingchampion.剑术冠军"speechimpediment"言语障碍Aftermanyyears,hefinallystated,"Myimpedimentisnohindrance.“Churchill'smannerismswhilemakingspeeches.Lead-in7/55ServiceintheArmy

1895,SecondLieutenantinthe4thQueen'sOwnHussars

[hu'zɑr]轻骑兵

volunteersoldier&warcorrespondentCuba,India,Sudan,SouthAfricaChurchillinmilitaryuniformin1895Lead-in8/551900,theHouseofCommons1904,joinedtheLiberals1908,amemberofLordAsquith’scabinet阿斯奎斯伯爵内阁

1911,FirstLordoftheAdmiralty（第一海军大臣）However,hewasblamedforfailedDardanellesCampaign达达尼尔战役,in1915,helosthisAdmiraltypost1917,returnedtothegovernment,firstasMinisterofMunitions(军需大臣),thenasMinisterofWar.YoungPoliticianLead-in9/553September1939thedayBritaindeclaredwaronGermany,ChurchillwasappointedFirstLordoftheAdmiraltyandamemberoftheWarCabinet.May,1940,PrimeMinisterTouniteSoviettofightagainstGermanyJune,1941,deliveredanspeechafterGermany’invasiontotheSoviet.Attendedsomeimportantinternationalconferences.broughtBritaintovictoryagainstGermanyonthe8thofMay,1945.

WorldWarII

10/55Lastyears1951,heservedfouryearsasapeacetimePrimeMinister.Frustratedandinpoorhealth,heresignedin1955,aged81.Followinghisdeathin1965,Churchill'sbodylayinstatefor3daysatWestminsterHallbeforehisstatefuneral.

Lead-in11/55Churchillasahistorianandwriter

Works:over25stories,biographiesandhistories

《马拉坎德远征史》

TheStoryOfTheMalakandFieldForce

《河上战争》

TheRiverWar

《世界危机》

TheWorldCrisis

《马尔巴罗生平与时代》

Marlborough:HisLifeAndTimes《第二次世界大战回想录》

TheSecondWorldWar《英语民族史》

AHistoryOfTheEnglish-SpeakingPeoples

In1953hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.Lead-in12/55Churchillasanartist

paintingimpressionistscenesoflandscape(印象派)Lead-in13/55WorldWarIIAug.1939 :

Russia-Germanynon-aggressionpactSept.1,1939:

GermaninvasionofPolandSept.3,1939: FranceandBritaindeclaredwaronGermany,officiallybeginningWorldWarII

Lead-in14/55WorldWarIIJune22,1940: Francesurrendered.Aug-Oct.1940: TheBattleofBritainJun22.1941:

GermaninvasionoftheSovietUnion.Lead-in15/55WorldWarIIDec.7,1941:

PearlHarbourSept.1943:

theAlliesconqueredSicilyandSouthItaly.Italysurrendered.May7.1945: Germanysurrenderedunconditionally.Aug.14,1945:Japanannounceditssurrender.

16/55MapwiththeParticipantsinWorldWarII:DarkGreen:AlliesbeforetheattackonPearlHarbor,includingcoloniesandoccupiedcountries.LightGreen:AlliedcountriesthatenteredthewaraftertheJapaneseattackonPearlHarbor.Blue:AxisPowersGray:NeutralcountriesduringWWII

17/5518/55ThewesternfrontThetroopsoftheGermansmashedallenemyresistanceanddefeatedFrenchwhichmadetheBritishfightingbythemselves.19/55Theeasternfront1941.Time:1941.6.22----1945.5.8Turningpoint:thebattleforthedefenseofStalingrad

20/55StructureMainidea:

Churchill’sspeech

Mainidea:Introductoryremarks

PartII:Para.7-13PartI:

Para.1-6GlobalReadingSubsection1:Paras.1-2BackgroundinformationgivenbyChurchill

Subsection2:Paras.3-6AccountbyColvilleSubsection1:

Paras.7-9Justificationofthepolicy

Subsection2:

Para.10DeclarationofhisdecisionSubsection3:Paras.11-13CallingforaunitedeffortandstrengthtocrushNazi21/55Whatbackgroundinformation

mentionedinparas.1-2?

DetailedReadingofPartItime:onthemorningofSunday,the22ndofJune,1941messenger:GeneralDilldetailednews:invadedRussiaon…front;surprised…forces;drivingforwardwithrapidity&violence;theywillberoundedupinhordes;response:tocomposethestatementanditwillbebroadcastat9thatnightsupportingdetails22/55DetailedReadingofPartIWordsandexpressions1.convictionn.

astrongbelieforopinion坚定看法或信仰;decisioninacourtoflawthatsomeoneisguiltyofacrime,ortheprocessofprovingthatsomeoneisguilty定罪

Thestudentspossesstheconvictionthattheycanmakeadifferencetotheircommunity.

Thiswasherthirdconvictionfortheft.2.groundv.tostayontheground停留在地面,搁浅,停飞practicepracticeOurshipgroundedinshallowwater/onasandbank.AllaircraftatLondonAirportweregroundedbyfogtoday.

23/55DetailedReadingofPartIWordsandexpressions3.round:v.make(sth)intotheshapeofacircle;goround(sth)围绕（某物）而行;绕过（某物);causesb/sthtogatherinoneplace使某人/某物集合在一起;surround;Roundthelipswhenmakingthesound/u:/.

Weroundedthecornerathighspeed.

Theguideroundedupthetouristsandledthembacktothecoach.

Theenemieswereroundedbyoursoldiersandsurrendered.4.account:

n.report;description;

practicepracticeShegavethepoliceafullaccountoftheincident.

Keepanaccountofyourdailyactivities.24/55Whatbackgroundinformation

mentionedinparas.3-6?

DetailedReadingofPartICause:duringdinneratChequers;countonenlisting…position:goallouttohelpRussia;notbowingdownintheHouseofRimmonatall;onlyonepurpose---thedestructionofHitler;makeafavourablereferencetotime:He

gotthenewsfromF.O.at4a.m.,June22,andpostponedtellinghimtill8a.m.response:Hewillbroadcastat9thatnight;Preparethespeechfrom11a.m.to8:40p.m.supportingdetails25/55DetailedReadingofPartIWordsandexpressions1.Counton/upon:torelyonsb./sth.,orexpectittohappenandincludeitinyourplans

Don'tcountonasalaryincreasethisyear

Don’tworry.Youcanalwayscountonme.2.enlist:

tojointhearmy,navyetc;togetthesupportorhelp;practicepracticeHeenlistedasasoldierinthearmyassoonashewasoldenough.

CanIenlistyourhelpinraisingthemoney?

We'veenlistedafewvolunteerstohelpcleanthehall.

26/55DetailedReadingofPartIWordsandexpressions3.TobowdownintheHouse:tochangeone’spositionorbeliefforbenefitor…出自《圣经》，意为：“拜倒在伪神临门脚下”，惯用来比喻拜倒在金钱、利益脚下。Thearticlemadenoreferencetopreviousresearchonthesubject.

5.totheeffectthat:

withthis/thatmeaningorinformation有这么/那样意思或内容;practicepracticeHetoldmetogetout,orwordstothateffect.Heleftanotetotheeffectthathewouldnotbereturning.4.Makeareferenceto:tosayorwritesomethingwhenmentioningsb.orsth.27/55HowdidChurchill

justifyhisdecisiontosupportRussia?

DetailedReadingofPartIIByclearandlogicalreasoning.ListingdifferentformsofwickednessofNazi:Itisindistinguishablefromtheworstfeaturesofcommunism;Itisdevoidofallthemeandprincipleexceptappetiteandracialdomination;Itexcelsallformsofhumanwickednessintheefficiencyofitscrueltyandferociousaggression;Thecrimes,follies,tragediescommittedbycommunistfadeaway,flashesawaycomparedtothatofNazi.28/55DetailedReadingofPartIIFromahumanisticpointofview:“Isee’s”showusthatashumanRussianshavetherighttoguardagainsttheirhomes,toenjoybasicorprimordialhumanjoys.Churchillhascreatedabeautifulpictureofsimplicity,warmth,peace,joyandlove:Men---strong,manlyprotection.Mothersandwives---tenderness,loveandwarmthMaidens(girls)---laugh‘themostjoyfulsoundoftheworld’Childrenplaystandsfor‘innocent,naïveworld’

29/55DetailedReadingofPartIIAlsofromahumanisticpointofview:

“Isee’s”showusthatthewonderfulpictureoflifeisbeingdemolishedbyHitler’shideous,brutish,violentonslaughtorattack,toprovoketheaudience’ssensationalparticipationandstrongopposition.Varioussensesareexpectedtoparticipateinthespeech:IseetheNaziwarmachinewithitsclanking,heel-clicking,dandifiedPrussianofficers,itscraftyexpertagentsfreshfromthecowingandtyingdownofadozencountries,advancinguponallthisinhideousonslaught.Iseealsothedull,drilled,docile,brutishmassesoftheHunsoldieryploddingonlikeaswarmofcrawlinglocusts.IseetheGermanbombersandfightersinthesky,delightedtofindwhattheybelieveisaneasierandasaferprey.Iseethatsmallgroupofvillainousmenwhoplan,organise,andlaunchthiscataractofhorrorsuponmankind...30/55DetailedReadingofPartIIWordsandexpressionsdistinguish:toshow,recognize,tellthedifferencebetween…

distinguishable;

indistinguishable;distinguished:moresuccessful,respected,admiredordignifiedThetwinsaresoalikethatnoonecandistinguishonefromtheother.Thecoastwasbarelydistinguishableinthemist.Sheisadistinguishednovelistandphilosopher.

2.tiesb/oneselfdown(tosth):torestrictsb/oneself(tocertainconditions,afixedoccupationorplace,etc)使某人(自己)受（某环境﹑固定职业或地点等）约束;practicepracticeChildrendotieyoudown,don'tthey?

31/55DetailedReadingofPartIIWordsandexpressionsItwassmartofyoutobringamap.

Youlookverysmartinyournewsuit.

smartcards,smartmissiles.They'restillsmartingfromtheirdefeatinthefinal.

Theslapdeliveredtomyfacesmarted.practice3.smart:a.quick,clever,intelligentorsensible;fashionable;v.causeorfeelasharpstingingpain(ofthebodyorthemind)

造成或感到（肉体或精神方面）痛苦

32/55HowwasChurchill’sdeclarationmade?

DetailedReadingofPartIIChurchill’sdeclarationwasmadereasonably,timely,firmly,anddecidedly.

Heusedsomeshortsentencesandrhetoricaldevices,suchasrepetition,parallelismandsoon.

Hislanguageisquitecharismatic.

33/55HowwasChurchill’sdeclarationmade?

DetailedReadingofPartIIReasonably,timely:ItisthedecisionofHisMajesty'sGovernment;itisadecisioninwhichthegreatDominionswillinduecourseconcur;wemustspeakoutnowatonce,withoutaday'sdelay.Firmly,decidedly:

Repetition:oneaimandonesingle,irrevocable...WeareresolvedtodestroyHitler&everyvestige…Fromthisnothingwillturnus–nothing.Parallelism:

Wewillneverparley,negotiate...Weshallfighthimbyland,bysea,intheair...Anymanorstatewhofightagainst,marcheswith...weshallgive...,Weshallappealto…,asweshallfaithfullyandsteadfastly....

Itwasmade…34/55DetailedReadingofPartIIWordsandexpressionsdominion:n.

thepowerorrighttorulepeopleorcontrolsomething;areacontrolledbyonegovernmentorruler领土;版图;

AlexandertheGreathelddominionoveravastarea.2.appeal:v.makeanearnestrequest哀求;呼吁;beattractiveorinteresting(tosb)（对某人）有吸引力;（使某人）感兴趣n.earnestrequest;attractiveness;interest

E.G.E.G.Thepolicehaveappealedtoanyonewithinformationtocomeforwardandtalktothem.Theideaofcampingreallyappealstome.Doesjazzholdanyappealforyou?PracticeTranslation:农民已经哀求政府给予帮助

Farmershaveappealedtothegovernmentforhelp.35/55DetailedReadingofPartIIWordsandexpressions3.course:

Movementintime;duration:期间;therouteorpathtakenbysomething道路，路线，水道；directionorwayofacting方向、方针；课程；场地；一道菜Ididn'tsleeponceduringtheentirecourseofthejourney.thecourseoftheRiverThames

TheGovernment'spresentcoursewillonlyleadtodisaster.

agolf-courseafive-coursedinner

Andy'sdoingaone-yearjournalismcourse.

practice36/55DetailedReadingofPartIIWordsandexpressions4.concur:agree,beofthesameopinionTheauthorsconcurredwiththemajority.ThejudgesallconcurredingivingJohntheprize.E.G.5.irrevocable:notabletobechanged,reversed,orrecovered;unalterable;finalE.G.an~decisionan~decreean~stepan~yesterday37/55DetailedReadingofPartIISentences

IfeelsureitisadecisioninwhichthegreatDominionswillinduecourseconcur.IamsurethatourDominionswillagreewithusinpropertime.Paraphrase

Translation

我相信大英帝国各自治领对这一决定会适时地表示一致赞同38/55DetailedReadingofPartIISentencesWehaveridtheearthofhisshadowandliberateditspeoplesfromhisyoke.WehavefreedtheworldfromHitler’sdominationandliberatedallpeoplesfromhiscontrol.Paraphrase

Translation

我们要将他魔影从地球上消除，将纳粹统治下人民从他所设枷锁中解放出来。39/55Whatrequestsorcallsweremade?

DetailedReadingofPartII1.Weshallbefortifiedandencouraged,strengthened,

butnotweakenedinourefforts,determinationand

resources.

2.HelaidbarethedeepermotivebehindHitler’s

Russianadventure.

3.TheRussiandangeristhereforeourdanger,andthe

dangeroftheUnitedStates.40/55Whatrequestsorcallsweremade?

DetailedReadingofPartIIThisisawarinwhichthewholeBritishEmpireandCommonwealthofNationsisengaged;

We’llneverhavetheslightestdivergenceofaimsorslackeningofeffort;weshallbefortifiedandencouraged,strengthenedandnotweakened…Don’tmakefolliesasthosewhichcouldhavesavedthemselves;TheinvasionofRussiaisnothingbutapreludetoaninvasionofBritainandothercountriesinWesternHemisphere;

TheRussiandangeristhereforeourdanger,andthedangeroftheUnitedStates;ThecauseofanyRussianfightingforhishearthandhomeisthecauseoffreemenandfreepeoplesineveryquarteroftheglobe;

Letuslearnthelessonsalreadytaughtbysuchcruelexperience.

Letusredoubleourexertions,andstrikewithunitedstrengthwhilelifeandpowerremain.

specificdetails41/55DetailedReadingofPartIIWordsandexpressions1.engage:v.todrawinto;involve:参加,使加入,使卷入其中;toemploy:雇佣;tooccupy:占用;toattract:赢得，吸引;topledgeorpromise,especiallytomarry:订婚

IalwaysengagemystudentsinanextensivepracticeofEnglish.Shewasengagedasaninterpreter.Studyingengagesmostofastudent'stime.Hersmileengageseveryoneshemeets.BobgotengagedtoMarywhentravelinglastwinter.E.G.2.slacken:V.tobecomeslow,lessactiveE.G.Afterthenewswasreleased,thetensionintheboardroomfinallyslackened.42/55DetailedReadingofPartIIWordsandexpressions3.resolve:v.

decidefirmly;determine决定;决心;solveorsettle(problems,doubts,etc)处理（问题﹑疑问等）;Afterthedivorcesheresolvednevertomarryagain.Heresolvedon/against(making)anearlystart.Herarrivaldidlittletoresolvethesituation.e.g.4.doom:n.deathorruin;anyterribleandinevitablefate死亡;毁灭;劫数;厄运;v.tomakesomeoneorsomethingcertaintofail,die,bedestroyedetce.g.HitlersenthimselftohisdoompracticeTranslation:许多物种注定要灭绝。Manyspeciesaredoomedtoextinction.43/55DetailedReadingofPartIIWordsandexpressions5.fortify:importvigororphysicalstrength;strengthenmentallyorphysicallyTofortifyone’scouragetofortifyoneselfagainstthecoldtofortifyatownagainsttheenemyfortifiedmilkfortifiedwineE.G.

6.moralize:expressone’sthought(oftennotwelcometothelistenerorreader)onwhatisrightorwrong(inatediousway)E.G.Theself-righteousmoralizingofhisauntwasringinginhisears.44/55DetailedReadingofPartIIWordsandexpressions7.lust:n.greatdesireblood~,carnal~,fiendish/wicked~the~ofbatter/conquest/creation/thefleshthe~forfameandfortune/gold/lifeE.G.

8.impel:drive,force,urgesb.todosth.;propelE.G.

Financialdifficultiesimpelledhimtodesperatemeasures.Translation

公平缺失使被压迫者开始反抗。Alackofequalityimpelledtheoppressedtofight.45/55DetailedReadingofPartIIWordsandexpressions9.lure：n.somethingthatattractssomeonetoasituationthattheymaywishtheyhadavoided;v.topersuadesomebodytodosomethingbymakingitlookveryattractiveHedeeplyfeelsthelureofthesea.Chinaisalandoftravel~.Gambling~dhimtohisdoom.E.G.

10.prosper:

succeed,bewealthyE.G.HisbusinessinShanghaihas~edwellinrecentfewyears.11.subjugate:conquer,takepoweroverE.G.Hehadtosubjugatehisownfeeling.46/55DetailedReadingofPartIISentences

Hehopesthathemayonceagainrepeat,uponagreaterscalethaneverbefore,thatprocessofdestroyinghisenemiesonebyonebywhichhehassolongthrivedandprospered,andthatthenthescenewillbeclearforthefinalact,withoutwhichallhisconquestswouldbeinvain–namely,thesubjugationoftheWesternHemispheretohiswillandtohissystem.Translation

他期望能以空前规模再度重演他长久以来赖以发迹将敌手各个击破故伎，然后便能够腾出场地来演出最终一幕-------将整个半球置于他控制和统治之下。他知道，假如做不到这一点，他全部战果都将化为泡影。47/55DetailedReadingofPartIISentences

Letusredoubleourexertions,andstrikewithunitedstrengthwhilelifeandpowerremain.Translation

他让我们趁着生命未息、力量尚存之时，加倍努力，团结奋斗吧。Paraphrase

LetusstrengthenourunityandoureffortsinthefightagiantNaziGermanywhenwehavenotyetbeenoverwhelmedandwhenwearestillpowerful.48/55PostReadingoftheTextRhetoricalDevices1.Alliteration:

theuseofseveralwordstogetherthatbeginwiththesamesoundorletterinordertomakeaspecialeffect,especiallyinpoetry.头韵E.g.dull,drilled,docile...dull,drilled,docile...forhishearthandhomewithitsclanking,heel-clicking...2.Assonance:theuseofthesameorsimilar,vowelsoundsinsuccessivewords谐音、类韵：相同或相同元音重复。cowingandtying...ploddingonlikecrawlinglocusts,...smartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping...easierandsaferpreye.g.e.g.49/55PostReadingoftheTextRhetoricalDevices3.Repetition:

emphasis重复Wehavebutoneaimandonesinglepurposenothingwillturnus---nothingWewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate...Thisisourpolicyandthisisourdeclarationasweshallfaithfullyandsteadfastly4.metaphor:comparestwodifferentthingsbyspeakingofoneintermsoftheother.

Theywillberoundedupinhordes.IseeRussiansoldiersstandingonthethreshold...Meansofexistenceiswrungfromthesoil...Metaphor:cataractofhorrorsridtheearthofhisshadow...liberatepeoplefromhisyokee.g.e.g.50/55PostReadingoftheTextRhetoricalDevices5.parallelism:Severalpartsofasentenceorseveralsentencesareexpressedsimilarlytoshowthattheideasinthepartsorsentencesareequalinimportance.Parallelismalsoaddsbalanceandrhythmand,mostimportantly,claritytothesentence.

Isee,...Isee...thereturnofthebread-winner,oftheirchampion,oftheirprotectorWeshallfig