2023-2024学年北京市丰台区九年级（上）期中英语试卷

2023-2024学年北京市丰台区九年级（上）期中英语试卷一、单项填空从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．（0.5分）Mikeismygoodfriend．Heoftenhelps_______withmyEnglish．（）A．I B．me C．my D．mine2．（0.5分）Myfatherwasborn___________1964．（）A．in B．on C．at D．to3．（0.5分）Icanlookaftermyself，itwon'tbeeasyforme.（）A．because B．or C．so D．although4．（0.5分）﹣_____doyouplaybasketball？﹣Onceaweek．（）A．Howmuch B．Howlong C．Howoften D．Howfar5．（0.5分）Billdoessportseveryday.Heisoneofboysinmyclass.（）A．strong B．stronger C．strongest D．thestrongest6．（0.5分）﹣﹣Canyourideabike？﹣﹣No，I____．（）A．maynot B．mustn't C．needn't D．can't7．（0.5分）MikeandIfootballyesterday.Wehadagoodtime.（）A．play B．willplay C．played D．areplaying8．（0.5分）Where'sTom？Hismotherhimnow．（）A．islookingfor B．willlookfor C．haslookedfor D．looksfor9．（0.5分）Myuncleisasongwriter.Hemorethantwentysongssince2018.（）A．writes B．wrote C．haswritten D．willwrite10．（0.5分）—Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday？—Iinthepark.（）A．walk B．walked C．amwalking D．waswalking11．（0.5分）Ifyoulistencarefullyinclass，youwhattodo.（）A．understand B．understood C．willunderstand D．haveunderstood12．（0.5分）—Doyouknowtomorrow？—At9o'clockinthemorning.（）A．whenwillMarycome B．whenMarywillcome C．howwillMarycome D．howMarywillcome二、完形填空阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。13．（8分）SpecialNeedsBringSpecialJoyOnSeptember9，1995，IwastoldthatIhadanewbabysister.Afewdayslatermydadtoldmethathospitaltestsdidn'tturnoutwell.Mysisterhad（1）problems.Wemadeseveraltripstoawell﹣knownhearingcenter，butthe（2）didn'twork，somyfamilybeganlearningsignlanguage.IshouldcorrectmyselfwhenIsay"myfamily"，becauseIdidn'twanttositdowneverynightandlearnsignaftersign.Ididmyownthings.Myparentsspenthourswithmysister（3）herandthemselvesbyplayingsignlanguagegames.Yearspassed.Thesummerbeforeninthgrade，asmyparentshadtowork，itwasuptometotakecareofmysister.ThismeantgettinghertosummerschoolinthemorningOnedaymymotheraskedmetosignsomething，andIfailed.Mymomwasalmostintears（眼泪）.Shewasso（4）thatIdidn'tcareenoughaboutmysister.This（5）me，realizinghowselfish（自私的）Ihadbeen.Ineededtotalktoher.ButIcouldn'tevensign（6）phraseslike："Whereareyougoing？""Whattimewillyoubehome？""Whatdoyouwanttoeat？"andotherquestionsIwantedtoaskbutdidn'tknowhow.MyfamilyandIstartedattendingsignlanguageclassesatmysister'sschool.Wesatdownasafamilywatchingsignlanguagemoviesandplayingsignlanguagegames.TodayIcan（7）verywellwithmysister.Itbringsasmiletomyfacewhenmysistersignssomethingtomeaboutoneofmyfriends，andtheycan'tunderstand.Irealizeditwasnofunnotknowingwhatmyfamilywassaying.Soifyouhaveafamilymemberwithspecialneeds，don'tputhimorheraside.Thispersonshouldbethefirstthingonyourmind.Withme，signingnowcomesbeforeschool，becauseitisthe（8）ofmyfamily.（1）A.hearingB.speakingC.readingD.writing（2）A.suggestionsB.treatmentsC.conversationsD.explanations（3）A.encouragingBcontrollingC.teachingD.correcting（4）A.nervousB.happyC.calmD.sad（5）A.worriedB.movedC.warmedD.hit（6）A.meaningfulB.usefulC.simpleD.short（7）A.playB.communicateC.studyD.practice（8）A.languageB.prizeC.treasureD.symbol三、阅读理解阅读下列人物的问题，为其匹配最适合的建议，并将建议所对应的A、B、C、D选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。14．（6分）（1）Iwouldliketotakemoreexercise，butIhavenotfoundafavoritesport.ThecoachhasnotchosenmetoplayinthefootballteambecauseIamnotfit.Iwentrunningintheparktogetfit，butIfeltlonelyandsad.WhatcanIdo？—Alan（2）Iwenttoschoolbybusinthepast，andIdidnotfeelfit.SolastmonthIdecidedtowalktoschool.Ihavewalkedtoschoolforthreeweeksnow.IamgettingalotfitterandIfeelhealthier.Theproblemis，Idonothaveanyonetotalkwithontheway!WhatcanIdo？—Barbara（3）Iloveplayingcomputergameswithmyfriends.IalsowatchTVandeatfastfood.Iknowitisnothealthy.Theproblemis，Idonotknowhowtostopandbecomefitterandhealthier.Idonotwanttospendallmylifesittinginachair.WhatcanIdo？—JohnAWhynotturnoffthecomputerandTVandjoinasportsclub？Soyoucanplaysportswithfriendsandtrytochoosehealthyfoodtoeat.BHowaboutaskingafriendtogorunningwithyou？Andtrytopracticeyourfootballskillstogether.CYoushouldworkhardatschool.Ifyourgradesarebetter，yourparentswillnotworrysomuch.DWalkinghashelpedyougetfitter，sowhynotaskafriendtowalktoschoolwithyou？15．（6分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中WheretoPutYourTrustI'llalwaysrememberthatday，whenIwassosurprisedbyallthestrangelookseveryonewasgivingme.AndIcouldn'tbelieveIwouldlosethefriendshipofthepersonItrustedthemost.Fiveyearsback，Sallywasthenewkidinclass.Idon'tknowwhatitwas，butsomethinguniqueaboutherdrewmetoher.ShewasthemostfriendlypersonIknew.Westartedasclassmates，wewerelikebestfriends.So，Ineverexpectedhertohurtmeinsuchabigway.Idon'tknowwhatmademetellSallyaboutmypersonallife.Shemadethematterbiggerthanitwas，addingherownspin（倾向性描述）onitandtellingeveryoneatschool.Itwaslikesomeonehadstabbed（刺），everyoneatschoolstartedlaughingatme，lookingatmeandgiggling（咯咯地笑），Ichangedtoanewschool.Sallycalledmemanytimes，butIdidn'tanswer.Myheartwasbroken.Itriedhardtoheal（愈合）fromthescarssheleftonmyheart.Istartedanewlife.Afterfiveyears，mylifewentbacktothewayitwas，ImetAnnaatthemarket.Shewasmyclassmatefromthirdgrade.ShetoldmethatSallywasn'ttheonewhobroughtmysecretstolight.Marywas.Marywasourschool'sbigmouthwhoalwayswantedtostickhernoseintootherpeople'sbusiness.Iwasallatseaandregrettedalot.IwishedIcouldhaveaskedSallyaboutthis.IwishedIcouldgobackintimeandfixmymistakes.Fromthat，Ilearnedalifelessonthatweshouldtrustthosewelovebecauseonelittlemistakecouldreallydamage（破坏）ourlives.（1）Whatdidthewriterdoafterhersecretsweregivenaway？A.Shechangedtoanewschool.B.ShemadefriendswithMary.C.ShecalledSallytoaskwhy.D.SheaskedAnnaforhelp.（2）Howdidthewriterfeelaftershefoundoutthetruth？A.Hurt.B.Regretful.C.Angry.D.Surprised.（3）Whatlessondidthewriterlearnfromtheexperience？A.Seeingisbelieving.B.Doingisbetterthansaying.C.Wemustkeepoursecrets.D.Weshouldbelieveinourlovedones.16．（6分）EyesonVisionTwoyearsago，AzaraMasonwashavingtroubleseeingtheboardinclass.Aneyedoctortoldhershehadmyopia（近视），ornearsightedness!Peoplewhoarenearsightedhavetroubleseeingthingsthatarefaraway.Azaranowwearsglasseswhensheneedsthem.Theeyeworkslikeacamera.Lightpassesthroughalensandisturnedintoimages.Thebrainthenhelpsusunderstandwhattheyare.Whenpeoplehavehealthyvision，theireyesfocus（聚焦）lightontheretina（视网膜），theireyesfocuslightinfrontoftheretina.Thatmakesobjectsthatarefarawaylookblurry.DrMariaLiuisheadoftheMyopiaControlClinicattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.Shesaysagrowingnumberofpeoplehavemyopia，andkidsaredevelopingitatayoungerage.Manystudiesshowariseinmyopia.TheNationalEyeInstitute（NEI）foundthatnearsightednessamongAmericansgrew66%from1971to2004.Expertssaythatby2020，myopiacouldaffect（影响）Scientistslink（联系）theriseinnearsightednesstoanincreaseinnearwork，includingcomputerandcell﹣phoneuse.Studiesshowthatlesstimespentoutdoorsmayalsobeaddingtotheincrease.Whatcanyoudototakecareofyoureyes？Liuadviseseveryonetostayawayfromelectronicdevices（设备）andspendmoretimeoutdoorstokeepeyeshealthy.Screen﹣FreeWeek，fromMay4to10Ifyouareworriedaboutyourvision，youshouldvisitaneye﹣careprofessional.Liuoftenadvisespatientstousespecialcontactlensesandeyedrops.Shesaystheycancorrectnearsightednessandslowitfromprogressing.Glassesandregularcontactlensesimprovevisionbutdon'thavethatextrabenefit（益处），shesays.Ifyousuffer（遭受）frommyopia，yourparentsanddoctorcanbestdecidethetreatmentthatisrightforyou.Azara'smomislookingintooptionsotherthanglasses.Butfornow（1）Theword"blurry"inParagraph3probablymeans"".A.largeB.brightC.disorderedD.unclear（2）WhatdoesParagraph6mainlytalkabout？A.Thetreatmentsformyopia.B.Thelinkbetweenmyopiaandnearwork.C.Thecausesofincreaseinmyopia.D.Theelectronicsforstudyingmyopia.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A.Usingeyedropscan'tslownearsightednessfromprogressing.B.Thenumberofpeoplewhosufferfrommyopiaisincreasing.C.People'seyesfocuslightbehindtheretinaiftheyarenearsighted.D.Readingonelectronicdevicesoutdoorscanhelptokeepeyeshealthy.17．（8分）LaughterTherapy（疗法）Laughternotonlyprovidesworkoutforyourmuscles（肌肉），italsoproducesendorphins（内啡肽）whichhelptoreducestress（压力），yourbodycan'ttellthedifferencebetweenrealandfake（假的）laughter.Thehappinessyoufeelwhenyoulaughisagreatwayoffightingthephysicaleffects（影响）ofstress.Whenwelaugh，ourbodyrelaxesandendorphinsarereleased（释放）ALaughterTherapist'saimistohelpyoulaughmoreeasily.Itstartswithawarm﹣upfollowedbyalotofactivitiesdesignedtogetyoulaughing.Laughterdoesn'tcomeeasilytoeveryone，butluckily，it'saskillyoucanlearn.Sofakingithasthesamebeneficialeffect.DrLeeBerkofLomaUniversityMedicalCentre，hasbeendoinglaughtertherapyresearchsincethelate1970s.In1989Berkstudiedtheeffectsoflaughterintenhealthymales.Fiveexperimentalsubjectswatchedanhour﹣longcomedywhilefivecontrolsubjectsdidn't.Bloodsamplestakenfromthetensubjectsshowedthatcortisol（皮质醇），thehormone（荷尔蒙），intheexperimentalsubjectshadreducedmorerapidlythaninthecontrolgroup.Berk'sresearchhasalsoshownthenumberofcellsthatfightviruses（病毒）increasesthroughlaughter.Thesesamecellsareblocked（阻碍）Thetherapeuticeffectsoflaughterhavebeenstudiedsincethe1970s，butDrMadanKatariaistheoncwhosetupthefirstlaughterclubin1995.Therearenowmorethan5000laughterclubsworldwide.Laughtertherapyissuitableforeveryone.Elderlygroups，youngpeopleincareandmental（心理的）healthpatientsareallthoughttobenefitespeciallyfromlaughtertherapy.Ifyou'reundecidedAlaughtertherapymaymakeyoufeelexcitedandtiredatthesametime.Muscletoneandcardiovascular（心血管的）functionsmaybeimprovedandoxygenlevelsinthebloodmaybeincreased.Inthelongterm，laughtertherapyteachesusthatwedon'tjusthavetolaughwhenwearehappy.Laughingcanactuallyimproveyourmood.Andit'scontagious（传染的），soyoucanexpecttoseethosearoundyoubenefitingfromagoodlaughtoo.（1）Laughtercanhelptoreducestressbecause.A.itcomeseasilytoeveryoneB.alotofactivitiescanmakepeoplelaughC.realandfakelaughtercanbothproduceendorphinsD.realandfakelaughtercanbothprovideworkoutformuscles（2）WhatcanwelearnfromthestudymentionedinParagraph4？A.Laughterblocksthecellsthatfightviruses.B.Laughtercanhelppeopletoreducecortisol.C.Tenexperimentalsubjectswatchedthecomedy.D.DrMadanKatariastudiedtheeffectsoflaughterin1989.（3）Whatcanweknowabout"laughtertherapy"fromthepassage？A.Laughtertherapyisgoodforourphysicalandmentalhealth.B.Alaughtertherapycanmakeusfeelexcitedforalongtime.C.Elderlypeoplebenefitthemostfromlaughtertherapy.D.Laughtertherapycanhelpusmakemorefriends.（4）Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthepassage？A.Toexplainwhypeoplelikelaughtertherapy.B.Tointroducethebenefitsoflaughtertherapy.C.Toadvisepeopletolaughasmuchaspossible.D.Totellthedifferencebetweenrealandfakelaughter.四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。18．（10分）TheFutureIsFarAway!AlyssaCarsonisateenagerandshealreadyhasabigdreamforherfuture.Ifherdreamcomestrue，she'llflyintospace.Butshedoesn'twanttoorbit（环绕……运行）theearthonthespacestationorgotothemoon.AlyssawantstotraveltoMarsSo，isthisjustadream？No.Alyssamadethedecisionwhenshewasthreeyearsoldbecausetheideawasexcitingand"noone'sbeenthere!"AfterthatshereadlotsofbooksonMarsandattendedherfirstspacecampwhenshewasseven.Sincethen，she'slearnedalotabouttravellingtootherplanets.It'sanexpensivetripwhichrequiresmanyyearsoftraining.ThisisaproblemforAlyssa'sfamily（飞行任务）toMarswillhelpusgettoknowtheplanetbetter.Morethan100，000peoplehavealreadyapplied（申请）forajourneytoMars.Iftheypassthetests，theywillstartatrainingprogram.Shehasacertificate（证书）inscubadivingandisalreadyworkingonherpilot'slicense.Boththesethings，French，ChineseandsomeTurkishOnlyafewpeoplecangoonthefirstMarsmission.TheflighttoMarswon'tbeeasy.Theywillspendhundredsofdaystogetherinaverytightspace!So，ifyouwereanastronautonMars，whatwouldlifebelike？Youwouldliveinanextremelysmallspacecalleda"pod"andyouwouldwearaspacesuitallthetime.Ifyoumadeaphonecallhome，ifyougotill，therewouldn'tbeanyhospitals.Lifewouldn'tbeaseasy（1）WheredoesAlyssawanttotravel？（2）WhydoAlyssa'sparentssupporther？（3）Whataretheimportantthingsforanastronaut'straining？（4）WhatdoyouthinkofAlyssa？Whydoyouthinkso？（Listtworeasons）五、文段表达从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供送用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。19．（10分）英雄是榜样，能够给予我们力量和勇气，让我们相信自己能够成为更好的自己。假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Chris给你发来邮件，想了解你心目中的英雄。请你用英语回复一封邮件，以及你把他/她作为英雄的原因。提示词语：workhard，meetdifficulties，giveup提示问题：●Whoisyourhero？●Whyishe/sheyourhero？DearChris.I'mgladtotellyousomethingaboutmyhero._______Writetome.Yours，LiHua20．自立意味着独立地安排自己的生活、意味着自主地处理学习和生活中遇到的难题、意味着靠自己的双手去创造多彩的生活。某英文网站正在开展以"Tobeindependent"为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，分享一次你独白居家的经历以及你的收获。提示词语：getup，cookmeals，proud提示问题：●Whatdidyoudowhenyouwerealoneathome？●Whatdidyoulearnfromthisexperience？It'simportantforustolearntobeindependent._______

2023-2024学年北京市丰台区九年级（上）期中英语试卷参考答案与试题解析一、单项填空从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．【分析】Mike是我的好朋友．他经常帮我学英语．【解答】答案为B．本题考查代词辨析，我；me人称代词宾格，我；，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词．他经常帮我学英语，结合语境可知此处是人称代词宾格做动词宾语．【点评】英语中人称代词分为主格，宾格，形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，是中考的必考点．形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，后面要加名词，可以用名词性的物主代词替换；主格做主语，宾格做宾语．根据语境选B．2．【分析】我的爸爸出生于1964年．【解答】正确答案：A．in常用于早中晚、月份．on常用于星期、某一天早中晚等前．to是到．根据句意我的爸爸出生于1964年，故选：A．【点评】本题考查介词辨析，基础题，记住常用介词的基本用法．3．【分析】我能照顾自己，尽管这对我来说并不容易。【解答】because因为；or或者；although尽管canafter，再结合"itbefor，可知句意为"我能照顾自己。"因此选although符合题意。故选：D。【点评】本题考查连词辨析，基础题，熟悉选项的含义，再根据题干即可作出选择。4．【分析】﹣﹣你多久打一次篮球？﹣﹣每周一次．【解答】考查疑问词组．howmuch多少钱，对一段时间或长度提问，对频率提问，对距离提问．"．可知．故选：C．【点评】疑问词组通常用来构成疑问句，要根据回答的具体内容进行选择，注意一些固定搭配，分清疑问词的用法．5．【分析】比尔每天都做运动。他是我班上最强壮的男孩之一。【解答】strong强壮的，A.原级，C.最高级，固定句式oneof+the+形容词最高级+名词复数。故选：D。【点评】主要考查的是对句子意思的理解和对形容词的掌握。6．【分析】﹣﹣你会骑自行才车吗？﹣﹣不，我不会．【解答】答案：D．maynot，不可以禁止；needn't，没有必要不会youabike，这个一般疑问句中使用的是can．故选D．【点评】本题考查了情态动词的用法．解答时注意一般疑问句中使用can来引导时，回答时也用can来回答．7．【分析】昨天我和Mike踢足球了。我们玩得很开心。【解答】A项为一般现在时；B项为一般将来时；D项为现在进行时，本句为一般过去时。故选：C。【点评】本题考查动词时态。分析各选项的意思，结合语境，选出正确的答案。8．【分析】汤姆在哪儿？他妈妈正在找他．【解答】根据Where'sTom和now可知，"妈妈找汤姆"动作正在进行；现在进行时态结构形式为助动词be+v；又因为主语Hismother是单数形式。故选：A。【点评】判断动词的时态，要通过所给的时间状语去判断动词存在的状态．注意主谓一致情况．9．【分析】我叔叔是一名词曲作者。自2018年以来，他已经写了超过20首歌。【解答】A项为一般现在时；B项为一般过去时；D项为一般将来时，本句应该使用现在完成时。故选：C。【点评】本题考查动词时态。分析各选项的意思，结合语境，选出正确的答案。10．【分析】—昨天这个时候你在干什么？—我在公园散步。【解答】A项为一般现在时；B项为一般过去时；D项为过去进行时，本句应该用过去进行时。故选：D。【点评】本题考查动词时态。分析各选项的意思，结合语境，选出正确的答案。11．【分析】如果你上课认真听了，你就会明白该做什么。【解答】A选项为一般现在时；B选项为一般过去时；D选项为现在完成时，本句是"if引导的条件状语从句+主句"的结构，谓语动词时态遵循"主将从现"的原形。故选：C。【点评】本题考查动词时态。分析各选项的意思，结合语境，选出正确的答案。12．【分析】—你知道玛丽明天什么时候来吗？—早上9点。【解答】根据题干，可知考查宾语从句，选项A和C都是疑问语序；由At9inmorning.（早上9点，when引导宾语从句。选项A和B的意思是"玛丽什么时候来"。故选：B。【点评】熟悉宾语从句的用法，结合题意，给出答案。二、完形填空阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。13．【分析】这篇文章是作者讲述自己与有听力障碍的妹妹关系的故事。一开始，作者并不愿意学习手语，对妹妹的状况并不关心。然而，在妈妈的责备和自我反思后，作者开始学习手语，更加关心妹妹。现在，作者能够通过手语与妹妹顺畅交流，这给作者带来了快乐。作者也鼓励大家，如果家里有特殊需要的人，应该把他们放在心中最重要的位置。【解答】（1）考查动名词。句意：我妹妹听力有问题；B.speaking说话；D.writing写作madetripsawell﹣knowncenter（我们去了几次著名的听力中心）可知。故选A。（2）考查名词。句意：我们去了几次著名的听力中心，所以我的家人开始学习手语；B.treatments治疗；D.explanations解释mybegansign。）可知。故选B。（3）考查动名词。句意：我父母花了几个小时通过和我妹妹一起玩手语游戏。A.encouraging鼓励；C.teaching教。根据Myspentwithsister...herthemselvesplayinglanguage。）结合选项可知，是为了教妹妹手语。（4）考查形容词。句意：她很伤心。A.nervous紧张的；C.calm冷静的。根据Icareaboutsister.（我对妹妹不够关心，妈妈会很伤心。（5）考查动词。句意：这打击了我。A.worried担心；C.warmed温暖。根据realizingselfish（自私的）Ibeen.（意识到我是多么自私，这件事使作者受到了打击。（6）考查形容词。句意：但我甚至不会用手语表达一些简单的句子？""你什么时候回家？"还有一些我想问但不知道该怎么问的问题；B.useful有用的；D.short简短的aregoingtimeyouhomeWhatyouto？"（"你要去哪里？""你想吃什么，这些都是些简单的句子。（7）考查动词。句意：如今我可以很好地与我的妹妹沟通；B.communicate沟通；D.practice练习bringsatofacemysignstoaboutoffriendstheyunderstand.（当我妹妹向我手语关于我一个朋友的事情时，但他们无法理解，作者和妹妹可以很好地沟通了。（8）考查名词。句意：对我来说、交朋友和运动更重要。A.language语言；C.treasure财富。根据signingcomesschooland、交朋友和运动更重要）可知。故选A。【点评】解答完形填空题需要快速阅读全文，了解文章大意，再带着选项去读，边读边做，注意联系上下文。三、阅读理解阅读下列人物的问题，为其匹配最适合的建议，并将建议所对应的A、B、C、D选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。14．【分析】短文主要介绍了三个人的问题和对他们提出的建议。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据表格第1行：IliketakeexerciseIhavefoundasport.ThehaschosentoinfootballbecauseInotwentinparkget，butIlonelysad.WhatIdo，但是我还没有找到喜欢的运动，因为我身体不健康，但我感到孤独和悲伤？）可知，想锻炼感到孤独和悲伤？并且试着一起练习你们的足球技术。（2）细节理解题。根据表格第2行：ItobyinpastIdidfeellastIdecidedwalkschool.Iwalkedschoolthreenow.IgettingafitterIfeelproblem，Idohavetowiththe!WhatIdo，我觉得不舒服。我已经步行上学三周了，感觉更健康了，我在路上没有人可以交谈？）可知！所以可以建议Barbara，也就是：走路帮助你变得更健康？故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据表格第7行：IplayinggamesmyalsoTVeatfood.Iitnotproblem，Idoknowtoandfitterhealthier.InottoalllifeinacanI？（我喜欢和朋友一起玩电脑游戏。我知道这不健康，我不知道如何停下来。我不想一辈子坐在椅子上？）可知，看电视吃快餐，所以可以建议John，加入一个体育俱乐部呢，尽量选择健康的食物来吃。【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。15．【分析】这篇短文是关于作者在学校的一段经历。作者与新同学Sally成为了好朋友，但在向Sally透露了自己的私事后，全校的人都知道了这件事，让作者感到非常痛苦。作者因此转学，与Sally断绝了联系。五年后，作者从另一位同学那里得知，泄露秘密的并非Sally，而是另一位同学Mary。这让作者深感后悔，也让她明白了要信任自己所爱的人，因为一个小错误可能会造成真正的伤害。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段Afterterrible，Ichangedanew，我换了一所新学校，在作者的私密泄漏后。故选A。（2）细节理解题。根据第五段Iallsearegretteda，懊悔不已，作者发现真相后很后悔。（3）细节理解题。根据第五段From，Ilearnedalessonwetrustwebecauselittlecoulddamage（破坏）lives.（从中，因为一个小错误可能会活造成真正的伤害，从那次经历中。故选D。【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。16．【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了近视的问题以及如何保护眼睛健康。文章提到了近视的定义和症状，以及近视的原因和增加的原因。作者还介绍了一些保护眼睛的方法，如减少使用电子设备的时间，多在户外活动，定期休息眼睛等。最后，文章提到了一些治疗近视的方法，如使用特殊隐形眼镜和眼药水。【解答】（1）词义猜测题。根据前文Whenhavevisioneyeslightthepeoplenearsightedeyeslightfrontthe，他们的眼睛会将光线聚焦在视网膜上，他们的眼睛将光线聚焦在视网膜前面。"所以划线词意为"不清晰的"。（2）段落大意题。根据第六段Scientiststheintoincreasenear，includinganduse.Studiesthattimeoutdoorsalsoaddingthe，包括使用电脑和手机，花在户外的时间减少也可能是增加的原因。故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据第四段DrLiuheadtheControlatUniversityCaliforniaBerkeley.Sheagrowingofhave，andareitayounger。她说，而且孩子们越来越年轻。故选B。【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。17．【分析】这篇文章主要讲述了笑声疗法的好处和作用。笑声不仅能锻炼肌肉，还能产生内啡肽，帮助减轻压力，而且人体无法分辨真实的笑声和假笑。笑声疗法的目标是帮助人们更容易地发笑，而且这是一种可以学习的技能。研究表明，笑声可以减少压力激素，增加抵抗病毒的细胞数量。此外，无论是老年人、年轻人还是心理健康病人，都可以从笑声疗法中受益。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Laughteronlyworkoutyour，itproduceswhichtostress（压力）.What's，yourcan'tthebetweenandlaughter.（笑不仅能锻炼你的肌肉。更何况你的身体分不清真假笑，因为真笑和假笑都能产生内啡肽。（2）细节理解题。根据第四段Bloodtakenthesubjectsthat，theourreleasesunder，inexperimentalhadmorethanthegroup.（从10名受试者身上采集的血液样本显示。）可知笑可以帮助人们减少皮质醇。（3）细节理解题。根据第六段Laughterisforgroupspeoplecaremental（心理的）patientsalltoespeciallylaughteryou're，rememberlaugh。老年人群。如果你犹豫不决，而成人只有15次laughtermayyouexcitedtiredthetime.Muscleandfunctionsbeandlevelsthemayincreased.（笑疗法可能会让你同时感到兴奋和疲惫，血液中的含氧量可以增加thetermtherapyuswejusttowhenarecanimprovemood.Andcontagious，socantothoseyoufromalaugh，笑疗法告诉我们。笑实际上可以改善你的心情，所以你可以期待看到你周围的人也从开怀大笑中受益。故选A。（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段Laughteronlyworkoutyour，itproduceswhichtostress（压力）.What's，yourcan'tthebetweenandlaughter.（笑不仅能锻炼你的肌肉。更何况你的身体分不清真假笑，目的是建议人们尽可能多地笑。【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。18．【分析】本文主要讲述了艾莉莎•卡森为实现自己的太空梦而努力的故事。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Alyssatoto，theplanet.（艾莉莎想去火星旅行。）可知。故填ShewantstravelMars.（2）细节理解题。根据第二