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World
Heritage
Convention
UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization
Listof
KeyTerms
PeriodicRepor甘ng
Ques甘onnaire
PeriodicReportingIndexofKeyTerms
1
ListofKeyTermsinthePeriodicReportingQuestionnaire
PeriodicReportingIndexofKeyTerms
2
TheListofKeyTermsoffersexplanationstoWorldHeritageconceptsreferredtointhePeriodicReportingquestionnaire.TheexplanationsarederivedfromawiderangeofsourcesincludingWorldHeritagepublications,UNESCOwebpages,UNwebsites,theOperationalGuidelinesfortheimplementationoftheWorldHeritageConventionetc.ThesedesignationsanddescriptionsaretobeusedasguidelinesanddonotnecessarilyimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofUNESCOanddonotcommittheOrganization.
PeriodicReportingIndexofKeyTerms
3
Term
Definition
1954Hague
ConventionfortheProtectionof
CulturalPropertyintheEventof
ArmedConflict
TheConventionfortheProtectionofCulturalPropertyintheEventofArmedConflictwasadoptedatTheHague(Netherlands)in1954inthewakeofmassivedestructionofculturalheritageduringtheSecondWorldWar.Itisthefirstinternationaltreatywithaworldwidevocationfocusingexclusivelyontheprotectionofculturalheritageintheeventofarmedconflict.
ThisConventionisaninternationalcooperationframeworkagainsttheillicittraffickingofculturalpropertyrequiringStatesPartiestotakepreventativemeasuresandadheretorestitutionprovisions.Itcoversimmovableandmovableculturalheritage,includingmonumentsofarchitecture,artorhistory,archaeologicalsites,worksofart,manuscripts,booksandotherobjectsofartistic,historicalorarchaeologicalinterest,aswellasscientificcollectionsofallkindsregardlessoftheiroriginorownership.
Readthe
fulltext
oftheConvention.
Source(s):
/new/en/culture/themes/armed-conflict-and-
heritage/convention-and-protocols/1954-hague-convention/
1970Convention
ontheMeansof
Prohibitingand
Preventingthe
IllicitImport,
Exportand
Transferof
Ownershipof
CulturalProperty
Theobjectivesofthe1970Conventionaretoprotectandsafeguardtheworldculturalpropertyagainstdamage,theft,clandestineexcavations,illicitimport,exportandtransferofownership,trafficking,toimplementpreventivemeasuresandraiseawarenessoftheimportancethereof,toestablishamoralandethicalcodefortheacquisitionofculturalproperty,toprovideaplatformamongStatePartiestotheConventionforfacilitatingtherecoveryandreturnofstolen,illicitlyexcavatedorillicitlyexportedculturalproperty,andtopromoteinternationalcooperationandassistance.
Formoreinformation,visitthe1970Convention
webpage.
Source(s):
/new/en/culture/themes/illicit-trafficking-of-cultural-
property/1970-convention/
1972
Recommendationconcerningthe
Protection,attheNationallevel,oftheCulturalandNaturalHeritage
ThesameGeneralConferencethatadoptedtheConventionconcerningtheProtectionofWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritage(theWorldHeritageConvention)in1972alsoadoptedtheRecommendationconcerningtheProtection,atNationalLevel,oftheCulturalandNaturalHeritage.
AccordingtothisRecommendation,“Inconformitywiththeirjurisdictionalandlegislativerequirements,eachStateshouldformulate,developandapplyasfaraspossibleapolicywhoseprincipalaimshouldbetoco-ordinateandmakeuseofallscientific,technical,culturalandotherresourcesavailabletosecuretheeffectiveprotection,conservationandpresentationoftheculturalandnaturalheritage”(II.Nationalpolicy,Article3).
TheRecommendationalsoencouragesStatestoorganisetheirpublicservicesandtakeappropriateprotective,legalandfinancialmeasuresthatwillcontributetotheprotectionofculturalandnaturalheritage,andtoundertakeeducationalcampaignstoinformthepublicabouttheimportanceofheritage,andtoseekinternationalco-operationandsupportwhenneeded.
Source(s):
/en/convention/
4
2001ConventionontheProtectionoftheUnderwaterCulturalHeritage
TheUNESCOConventionontheProtectionoftheUnderwaterCulturalHeritage,adoptedin2001,isintendedtoenableStatestobetterprotecttheirsubmergedculturalheritage.
ThemainprincipleslaidoutintheConventionaretheobligationtopreserveunderwaterculturalheritage,theprioritizationofin-situpreservationandthestipulationthatunderwaterculturalheritageshouldnotbecommerciallyexploitedfortradeorspeculation,andthatitshouldnotbeirretrievablydispersed.
Formoreinformation,visitthewebsiteofthe2001Convention.
Source(s):
/new/en/culture/themes/underwater-cultural-
heritage/2001-convention/
2003Convention
forthe
Safeguardingof
theIntangible
CulturalHeritage
ThemaingoaloftheConventionfortheSafeguardingoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageistosafeguardthepractices,representations,expressions,knowledgeandskillsthatcommunities,groupsand,insomecases,individualsrecognizeaspartoftheirculturalheritage.
Suchheritagemaybemanifestedindomainssuchasoraltraditionsandexpressions,performingarts,socialpractices,rituals,festiveevents,knowledgeandpracticeaboutnatureandtheuniverse,andtraditionalcraftsmanship.ThisdefinitionprovidedinArticle2oftheConventionalsoincludestheinstruments,objects,artefactsandculturalspacesassociatedwithintangibleculturalheritage.
Formoreinformation,visitthe
websiteofthe2003Convention.
Source(s):
/en/working-towards-a-convention-00004
2005ConventionontheProtectionandPromotionoftheDiversityof
Cultural
Expressions
TheConventionontheProtectionandPromotionoftheDiversityofCulturalExpressions,adoptedin2005bytheUNESCOGeneralConference,isabindinginternationallegalinstrument.Itsgoalistoprotectandpromotethediversityofculturalexpressions,particularlyasembodiedandconveyedinculturalactivities,goodsandservices,whicharethevehiclesofcontemporaryculture.Itsetsouttocreatealegalframeworkfavourabletoallwithregardtotheproduction,distribution/dissemination,accesstoandenjoymentofawiderangeofculturalexpressionsofdiverseorigin.
TheConventionhighlightsthedecisiveroleofculturalpoliciesanddefinestherightsandobligationsofPartieswithregardtotheprotectionandpromotionofthediversityofculturalexpressions,bothnationallyandinternationally.Stateshaveagreedontheurgentneedforthisinstrument,giventhattheacceleratingprocessesofglobalizationtendtoheightenthedisparitiesbetweenthosecountrieslackingandthosepossessingthecapacitytocreate,produceanddisseminatetheirculturalexpressions.
Formoreinformation,visitthe
websiteofthe2005Convention.
Source(s):
/new/en/culture/themes/cultural-diversity/cultural-
expressions/the-convention/faq
5
2011
RecommendationontheHistoric
UrbanLandscape
TheRecommendationontheHistoricUrbanLandscapewasadoptedon10November2011byUNESCOGeneralConference.ItoutlinestheHistoricUrbanLandscape(HUL)approach,whichmovesbeyondthepreservationofthephysicalenvironmentandfocusesontheentirehumanenvironmentwithallofitstangibleandintangiblequalities.Itseekstoincreasethesustainabilityofplanninganddesigninterventionsbytakingintoaccounttheexistingbuiltenvironment,intangibleheritage,culturaldiversity,socio-economicandenvironmentalfactorsalongwithlocalcommunityvalues.
TheHULapproachdoesnotreplaceexistingdoctrinesorconservationapproaches;rather,itisanadditionaltooltointegratepoliciesandpracticesofconservationofthebuiltenvironmentintothewidergoalsofurbandevelopmentinrespectoftheinheritedvaluesandtraditionsofdifferentculturalcontexts.Thetoolisa“soft-law”tobeimplementedbyMemberStatesonavoluntarybasis.
Source(s):
NewLifeforHistoricCities–TheHistoricUrbanLandscapeApproachExplained
/en/news/1026/
/en/hul/
2015World
Heritageand
Sustainable
Development
Policy
On19November2015,the20thGeneralAssemblyoftheStatesPartiestotheWorldHeritageConventionadoptedaPolicyontheIntegrationofaSustainableDevelopmentPerspectiveintotheProcessesoftheConvention.
TheoverallgoalofthepolicyistoassistStatesParties,practitioners,institutions,communitiesandnetworks,throughappropriateguidance,toharnessthepotentialofWorldHeritagepropertiesandheritageingeneral,tocontributetosustainabledevelopmentandthereforeincreasetheeffectivenessandrelevanceoftheConventionwhilstrespectingitsprimarypurposeandmandateofprotectingtheOutstandingUniversalvalueofWorldHeritageproperties.
Inlinewiththe‘2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment’,adoptedbytheUNGeneralAssembly,thispolicyrevolvesaroundthethreedimensionsofsustainabledevelopment,namelyenvironmentalsustainability,inclusivesocialdevelopmentandinclusiveeconomicdevelopment,complementedbythefosteringofpeaceandsecurity.ItsadoptionrepresentsasignificantshiftintheimplementationoftheConventionandanimportantstepinitshistory.
Source(s):
/en/sustainabledevelopment/
6
2030AgendaforSustainable
Development
On1January2016,the17SustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)ofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment—adoptedbyworldleadersinSeptember2015atahistoricUNSummit—officiallycameintoforce.Theyareauniversalcalltoactiontoendpoverty,protecttheplanetandensurethatallpeopleenjoypeaceandprosperity.
BuildingonthesuccessoftheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,theSDGsincludenewareassuchasclimatechange,economicinequality,innovation,sustainableconsumption,peaceandjustice,amongotherpriorities.Thegoalsareinterconnected-thekeytosuccessononeofteninvolvestacklingissuesmorecommonlyassociatedwithanother.
Readmoreaboutthe
SustainableDevelopmentGoals.
Source(s):
/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
acceptance
Theinstrumentsof"acceptance"or"approval"ofatreatyhavethesamelegaleffectasratificationandconsequentlyexpresstheconsentofastatetobeboundbyatreaty.Inthepracticeofcertainstatesacceptanceandapprovalhavebeenusedinsteadofratificationwhen,atanationallevel,constitutionallawdoesnotrequirethetreatytoberatifiedbytheheadofstate[Arts.2(1)(b)and14(2),ViennaConventionontheLawofTreaties1969].
Source(s):
UnitedNationsTreatyCollectionGlossary
accession
"Accession"istheactwherebyastateacceptstheofferortheopportunitytobecomeapartytoatreatyalreadynegotiatedandsignedbyotherstates.Ithasthesamelegaleffectasratification.Accessionusuallyoccursafterthetreatyhasenteredintoforce.TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations,inhisfunctionasdepositary,hasalsoacceptedaccessionstosomeconventionsbeforetheirentryintoforce.Theconditionsunderwhichaccessionmayoccurandtheprocedureinvolveddependontheprovisionsofthetreaty.Atreatymightprovidefortheaccessionofallotherstatesorforalimitedanddefinednumberofstates.Intheabsenceofsuchaprovision,accessioncanonlyoccurwherethenegotiatingstateswereagreedorsubsequentlyagreeonitinthecaseofthestateinquestion[Arts.2(1)(b)and15,ViennaConventionontheLawofTreaties1969].
Source(s):
UnitedNationsTreatyCollectionGlossary
7
achievinggenderequality
AccordingtoParagraph23ofthe'PolicyDocumentfortheIntegrationofaSustainableDevelopmentPerspectiveintotheProcessesoftheWorldHeritageConvention'(WorldHeritageSustainableDevelopmentPolicy),"GenderequalityisoneofUNESCO’stwoglobalpriorities.TheUNESCOPriorityGenderEqualityActionPlan(2014-2021),moreover,requiresMemberStatesandthegoverningbodiesofUNESCOregulatoryinstruments“toestablishgender-sensitive,gender-responsiveandgender-transformativepoliciesandpracticesinthefieldofheritage”.
Inaddition,achievinggenderequalityandempoweringallwomenandgirlsisessentialforachievingsustainabledevelopment,andisoneofthepost-2015SustainableDevelopmentGoals.
TheWorldHeritageSustainableDevelopmentPolicyalsostatesthatStatesPartiesshould:
“EnsurerespectforgenderequalitythroughoutthefullcycleofWorldHeritageprocesses,particularlyinthepreparationandcontentofnominationdossiers;
“EnsuresocialandeconomicopportunitiesforbothwomenandmeninandaroundWorldHeritageproperties;
“Ensureequalandrespectfulconsultation,fullandeffectiveparticipationandequalopportunitiesforleadershipandrepresentationofbothwomenandmenwithinactivitiesfortheconservationandmanagementofWorldHeritageproperties;
“Whenorwhererelevant,ensurethatgender-rootedtraditionalpracticeswithinWorldHeritageproperties,forexampleinrelationtoaccessorparticipationinmanagementmechanisms,havereceivedthefullconsentofallgroupswithinthelocalcommunitiesthroughtransparentconsultationprocessesthatfullyrespectsgenderequality.”
Source(s):
WorldHeritageSustainableDevelopmentPolicy
TheUNESCOPriorityGenderEqualityActionPlan
(2014-2021)
8
AdvisoryBodies
(totheWorld
Heritage
Convention)
Threeinternationalnon-governmentalorintergovernmentalorganizationsarenamedintheConventiontoadvisetheCommitteeinitsdeliberations.
TheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)isaninternational,non-governmentalorganizationthatprovidestheWorldHeritageCommitteewithtechnicalevaluationsofnaturalheritagepropertiesand,throughitsworldwidenetworkofspecialists,reportsonthestateofconservationoflistedproperties.Withmorethan1000members,IUCNwasestablishedin1948andislocatedinGland,Switzerland.
TheInternationalCouncilonMonumentsandSites(ICOMOS)providestheWorldHeritageCommitteewithevaluationsofculturalandmixedpropertiesproposedforinscriptionontheWorldHeritageList.Itisaninternational,non-governmentalorganizationfoundedin1965,withaninternationalsecretariatinParis.
TheInternationalCentrefortheStudyofthePreservationandRestorationofCulturalProperty(ICCROM)isanintergovernmentalorganizationcreatedtopromotetheconservationofallformsofculturalheritage,ineveryregionoftheworld.ItsmissionistoprovideMemberStateswiththebesttools,knowledge,skillsandenablingenvironmenttopreservetheirculturalheritageinallofitsforms,forthebenefitofallpeople.Throughitswork,ICCROMiscontributingtotheenvironmental,socialandeconomicsustainabilityofcommunities.
Source(s):
/en/advisorybodies
agencies/institutionsresponsibleforculturaland/or
naturalheritage
Forexampleministriesofculture,ministriesoftheenvironments,nationalagenciesforheritageorconservation,heritageboardsetc.
9
Article5(ofthe
WorldHeritage
Convention)
Article5oftheWorldHeritageConvention,states:
"Toensurethateffectiveandactivemeasuresaretakenfortheprotection,conservationandpresentationoftheculturalandnaturalheritagesituatedonitsterritory,eachStatePartytothisConventionshallendeavor,insofaraspossible,andasappropriateforeachcountry:
toadoptageneralpolicywhichaimstogivetheculturalandnaturalheritageafunctioninthelifeofthecommunityandtointegratetheprotectionofthatheritageintocomprehensiveplanningprogrammes;
tosetupwithinitsterritories,wheresuchservicesdonotexist,oneormoreservicesfortheprotection,conservationandpresentationoftheculturalandnaturalheritagewithanappropriatestaffandpossessingthemeanstodischargetheirfunctions;
todevelopscientificandtechnicalstudiesandresearchandtoworkoutsuchoperatingmethodsaswillmaketheStatecapableofcounteractingthedangersthatthreatenitsculturalornaturalheritage;
totaketheappropriatelegal,scientific,technical,administrativeandfinancialmeasuresnecessaryfortheidentification,protection,conservation,presentationandrehabilitationofthisheritage;and
tofostertheestablishmentordevelopmentofnationalorregionalcentresfortrainingintheprotection,conservationandpresentationoftheculturalandnaturalheritageandtoencouragescientificresearchinthisfield."
Source(s):
TheWorldHeritageConvention
PeriodicReportingIndexofKeyTerms
10
attributes
AccordingtotheResourceManual'PreparingWorldHeritageNominations',"AttributesareaspectsofapropertywhichareassociatedwithorexpresstheOutstandingUniversalValue.Attributescanbetangibleorintangible.TheOperationalGuidelinesindicatearangeoftypesofattributewhichmightconveyOutstandingUniversalValue,including:
•formanddesign;
•materialsandsubstance;
•useandfunction;
•traditions,techniquesandmanagementsystems;
•locationandsetting;
•language,andotherformsofintangibleheritage;and
•spiritandfeeling(Paragraph82).
Thislistisforguidance.ItisessentialthattheattributesidentifiedforapropertyshouldflowfromtheStatementofOutstandingUniversalValueandthejustificationforthecriteria.Attributesmustbeidentifiedastheyarevitaltounderstandingauthenticityandintegrity,andarethefocusofprotection,conservationandmanagement.
Fornaturalproperties,itismorecommontospeakof’features’,althoughthewordattributesissometimesused.Examplesofattributesfornaturalpropertiescouldinclude:
•visualoraestheticsignificance;
•scaleoftheextentofphysicalfeaturesornaturalhabitats;
•intactnessofphysicalorecologicalprocesses;
•naturalness,andintactnessofnaturalsystems;
•viability;
•rarity”.
Source(s):
TheWorldHeritageResourceManualPreparingWorldHeritageNominations
(2ndedition,UNESCO2011)
attributesofOUV
See'attributes'.
11
attributes,
conditionof
TheconditionoftheattributesofOutstandingUniversalValue(OUV)isagoodguidetotheoverallstateofconservationofaWorldHeritageproperty.
Thecategoriesoftheconditionoftheattributescanbedefinedasfollows:
•Lost:Lossoralterationtomostaspectsofthisattributehasoccurredandhascausedamajorlossofsignificanceofthisattribute.
•Seriouslycompromised:Lossoralterationofmanyaspectsofthisattributehasoccurred,whichisleadingtoasignificantreductioninthesignificanceofthisattribute.
•Compromised:Somelossoralterationoftheaspectsofthisattributehasalreadyoccurred,buttheiroverallconditionisnotcausingpersistentorsubstantialeffectstothisattribute.
•Preserved:Thisattributeisessentiallyintact,anditsoverallconditionisstableorimproving.Availableevidenceindicatesonlyminor,ifany,disturbances,tothisattribute.
Source(s):
PresentationbyJonDay
-ARCCentreofExcellenceforCoralReefStudiesatthe39thsessionoftheWorldHeritageCommittee(Bonn,2015)
PeriodicReportingIndexofKeyTerms
12
Authenticity
Authenticityonlyappliestoculturalpropertiesandtotheculturalaspectsof‘mixed’properties.AuthenticitycanbeseenasthelinkbetweenattributesandOutstandingUniversalValue.
Accordingtoparagraph82oftheOperationalGuidelines,aWorldHeritageproperty”[]maybeunderstoodtomeettheconditionsofauthenticityiftheirculturalvalues(asrecognizedinthenominationcriteriaproposed)aretruthfullyandcrediblyexpressedthroughavarietyofattributes”.
Asetofgeneralattributeswhichmaybeconveyingorexpressingtheproperty’sOutstandingUniversalValueissuggested,andincludes:
•formanddesign;
•materialsandsubstance;
•useandfunction;
•traditions,techniquesandmanagementsystems;
•locationandsetting;
•languageandotherformsofintangibleheritage;
•spiritandfeeling;and
•otherinternal/externalfactors.
TheconceptofAuthenticityisdescribedintheOperationalGuidelinesparagraphs79-86.
Acomprehensivedefinitionofauthenticityinrelationtoculturalheritageiscontainedinthe
NaraDocumentonAuthenticity
whichwasdraftedin1994inNara,Japan.
Source(s):
OperationalGuidelinesfortheImplementationoftheWorldHeritageConvention
awareness-raising
AccordingtoParagraph217oftheOperationalGuidelines,StatesParties“[…]areencouragedtoraiseawarenessoftheneedtopreserveWorldHeritage.Inparticular,theyshouldensurethatWorldHeritagestatusisadequatelymarkedandpromotedon-site".
Paragraph218oftheOperationalGuidelinesstates:
“TheSecretariatprovidesassistancetoStatesPartiesindevelopingactivitiesaimedatraisingpublicawarenessoftheConventionandinformingthepublicofthedangersthreateningWorldHeritage.TheSecretariatadvisesStatesPartiesregardingthepreparationandimplementationofon-sitepromotionalandeducationalprojectstobefundedthroughInternationalAssistance.TheAdvisoryBodiesandappropriateStateagenciesmayalsobesolicitedtoprovideadviceonsuchprojects".
Source(s):
OperationalGuidelinesfortheImplementationoftheWorldHeritageConvention
PeriodicReportingIndexofKeyTerms
13
benefits(of
ratification)
Akeybenefitofratification,particularlyfordevelopingcountries,isaccesstotheWorldHeritageFundandInternationalAssistance.ThisismadeavailabletoassistStatesPartiesinidentifying,preservingandpromotingWorldHeritagesites.Emergencyassistancemayalsobemadeavailableforurgentactiontorepairdamagecausedbyhuman-madeornaturaldisasters.InthecaseofsitesincludedontheListofWorldHeritageinDanger,theattentionandthefundsofboththenationalandtheinternationalcommunityarefocusedontheconservationneedsoftheseparticularlythreatenedsites.
Today,theWorldHeritageconceptissowellunderstoodthatsitesontheListareamagnetforinternationalcooperationandmaythusreceivefinancialassistanceforheritageconservationprojectsfromavarietyofsources.
SitesinscribedontheWorldHeritageListalsobenefitfromtheelaborationandimplementationofacomprehensivemanagementplanthatsetsoutadequatepreservationmeasuresandmonitoringmechanisms.Insupportofthese,expertsoffertechnicaltrainingtothelocalsitemanagementteam.
Finally,theinscriptionofasiteontheWorldHeritageListbringsanincreaseinpublicawarenessofthesiteandofitsoutstandingvalues,thusalsoincreasingthetouristactivitiesatthesite.Whenthesearewellplannedforandorganizedrespectingsustainabletourismprinciples,theycanbringimportantfundstothesiteandtothelocaleconomy.
Source(s):
benefits(ofWorld
Heritage
inscription)
OnceacountrysignstheWorldHeritageConvention,andhassitesinscribedontheWorldHeritageList,theresultingprestigeoftenhelpsraiseawarenessamongcitizensandgovernmentsforheritagepreservation.Greaterawarenessleadstoageneralriseintheleveloftheprotectionandconservationgiventoheritageproperties.AcountrymayalsoreceivefinancialassistanceandexpertadvicefromtheWorldHeritageCommitteetosupportactivitiesforthepreservationofitssites.
Source(s):
bilateralagreement
Agenerictermfortreaties,conventions,protocols,andotherbindinginstruments.Thistermisusuallyappliedtoinstrumentsofageographicscopebetweentwostates.
Source(s):
UnitedNationsInformationPortalonMultilateralEnvironmentalAgreements
14
biodiversity
TheUnitedNationsInformationPortalonMultilateralEnvironmentalAgreementsdefinesBiodiversityas:
1)Geneticdiversity:thevariationbetweenindividualsandbetweenpopulationswithinaspecies;speciesdiversity:thedifferenttypesofplants,animalsandotherlifeformswithinaregion;communityorecosystemdiversity:thevarietyofhabitatsfoundwithinanarea(grassland,marsh,andwoodlandforinstance).
2)Anumbrellatermtodescribecollectivelythevarietyandvariabilityofnature.Itencompassesthreebasiclevelsoforganisationinlivingsystems:thegenetic,species,andecosystemlevels.Plantandanimalspeciesarethemostcommonlyrecognizedunitsofbiologicaldiversity,thuspublicconcernhasbeenmainlydevotedtoconservingspeciesdiversity.
Source(s):
UnitedNationsInformationPortalonMultilateralEnvironmentalAgreements
Biodiversity
LiaisonGroup
Inordertoenhancecoherenceandcooperationinimplementation,aliaisongroupwasestablishedbetweentheheadsofthesecretariatsofthesixbiodiversity-relatedconventions.TheBiodiversityLiaisonGrouporBLG,wasformedinJune2004andmeetsregularlytoexploreopportunitiesforsynergisticactivitiesandincreasedcoordination,andtoexchangeinformation.
TheBiodiversityLiaisonGroup(BLG)consistsoftheHeadsoftheSecretariatofthefollowingconventions:
-ConventionConcerningtheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritage;
-ConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD);
-ConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesinWildFloraandFauna(CITES);
-ConventionontheConservationofMigratorySpeciesofWildAnimals(CMS);
-ConventiononWetlandsofInternationalImportance(RamsarConvention);
-InternationalTreatyonPlantGeneticResourcesforFoodandAgriculture(ITPGRFA);
-InternationalPlantProtectionConvention(IPPC).
Readthe
ModusOperandi
oftheBiodiversityLiaisonGroup.
biospherereserve
Protectedareasthatarestrictlysetasidetoprotectbiodiversityandalsopossiblygeological/geomorphologicalfeatures,wherehumanvisitation,useandimpactsarestrictlycontrolleda
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