【英语】辽宁省辽东南协作体2023-2024学年高三下学期开学考试试题(解析版)

辽宁省辽东南协作体2023-2024学年高三下学期开学考试英语试题时间：90分钟满分：120分第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)略第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AGeneralArtContestsTHESUNNYARTPRIZEPrizeAtotalcashfundof£6,000plusanindividualexhibitioninLondon.EntryFee£25foroneartwork,upto£45forfourartworks.RequirementsOpentoartistsworldwideaged18andover.ClosingDateJune30,2024OneofthemostdiverseartcompetitionsintheUK,theSunnyArtPrizeoffersuniqueexposureforbothemergingandestablishedartists.BEAUTIFULBIZARREARTPRIZEPrizeOver$50,000incashandprizestobewon.Plus,globalexposurethroughBeautifulBizarreMagazine.WinnerswillalsoparticipateinBeautifulBizarreMagazine’sgroupexhibitionatHavenGalleryinNewYorklaterthisyear.EntryFee$40perentryRequirementsOpentoartistsworldwideworkingintherepresentationalvisualarts.ClosingDateJuly17,2024TheBeautifulBizarreArtPrize,nowinits5thyear,isanannualinternationalartprizethatcelebratesdiversityandexcellenceintherepresentationalvisualarts.MADEINCALIFORNIACOMPETITIONPrize$750firstprize,$500secondprize.EntryFee$20perentryRequirementsOpentoartistsbasedinCalifornia.ClosingDateFebruary16,2024HostedbytheBreaGallery,theMadeinCaliforniaCompetitionprovidesapromotionalopportunityforallartistsbasedinthestateofCalifornia.ARTISTSMAGAZINEANNUALARTCOMPETITIONPrizeOver$29,000incashprizesandpublicationinArtistsMagazine.EntryFee$40($35ifsubmittedbeforeApril3)RequirementsOpentoartistsover18worldwideworkinginatraditionalmedium.ClosingDateMay30,2024ArtistsMagazine’sAnnualArtCompetitioncelebratestraditional2Dartisticmediumssuchaspainting,digitalart,andmuchmore.Allwinners’workswillbefeaturedintheJanuary/February2025issueofArtistsMagazine.1.Whichartcontestofferstheopportunityforagroupexhibition?A.THESUNNYARTPRIZE.B.BEAUTIFULBIZARREARTPRIZE.C.MADEINCALIFORNIACOMPETITION.D.ARTISTSMAGAZINEANNUALARTCOMPETITION.2.HowmuchshouldacontestantpayforaJanuarysubmissiontoBreaGallery?A.$20. B.$25. C.$35. D.$40.3.Whatdothesegeneralartcontestshaveincommon?A.Theyareheldeveryyear. B.Theyareopentoemergingartistsonly.C.Theyprovidewinnerswithaddedbonus. D.Theycelebrateexcellenceintraditionalarts.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个一般性艺术竞赛，主要包括其奖励、报名费、要求、截止时间等信息。【答案】1.B2.A3.C【1题详解】细节理解题。根据BEAUTIFULBIZARREARTPRIZE的Prize中“WinnerswillalsoparticipateinBeautifulBizarreMagazine’sgroupexhibitionatHavenGalleryinNewYorklaterthisyear.(获奖者还将参加今年晚些时候在纽约Haven画廊举办的《美丽奇异》杂志的联展)”可知，该竞赛提供办联展的机会。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据MADEINCALIFORNIACOMPETITION下“EntryFee$20perentry(报名费：每件作品20美元)”和“HostedbytheBreaGallery,theMadeinCaliforniaCompetition(由Brea美术馆主办的加州制造竞赛)”可知，1月份提交给Brea美术馆的参赛作品需支付20美元。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据THESUNNYARTPRIZE的Prize“Atotalcashfundof£6,000plusanindividualexhibitioninLondon.(总共有6000英镑的现金资金，加上在伦敦举办的个人展览)”、BEAUTIFULBIZARREARTPRIZE的Prize中“Over$50,000incashandprizestobewon.Plus,globalexposurethroughBeautifulBizarreMagazine.(超过5万美元的现金和奖品。此外，通过《美丽奇异》杂志获得全球曝光)”、MADEINCALIFORNIACOMPETITION的Prize“$750firstprize,$500secondprize.(一等奖750美元，二等奖500美元)”和ARTISTSMAGAZINEANNUALARTCOMPETITION的Prize“Over$29,000incashprizesandpublicationinArtistsMagazine.(奖金超过29000美元，并在《艺术家杂志》上发表)”可知，这四项竞赛的共同之处在于都为获胜者提供额外的奖励。故选C项。BTechnologyismorethananabstractconceptassociatedwithadvancedtoolsandsystems.Italsoshapesthewaypeoplebehave,growanddevelop,bothwithintheirownlivesandintheirrelationshipswithothers.Whiletechnologyhasdevelopedoverthousandsofyears,thelastcenturyhasseenanexplosionintechnologythathasinfluencedfundamentalchangesinhowhumansseetheworldandinteractwithothers.Specifically,theInternetandmobiledeviceshavecompletelychangedthewaypeopleinteractwitheachother.Therehasbeenadebategoingonwhethertechnologyisbenefitinghumancommunicationorruiningit.Undoubtedly,technologyishelpingpeoplebuildnewerandnecessarycommunicationskills.Inbusiness,officeemployeesandmanagersusetechnologytosendemailstooneanother,whichisconsideredacommunicationskill.Onsocialmedia,justshareafewofyourimagesandpeoplestartcommunicatingonandaboutyourimagesaccordingtotheirviewpoint.WiththeoutbreakofCOVID-19,inordertoworkontheprojects,thestudentsusetheirphonestoreachtheirteachersandclassmates.However,technologyissometimesconsideredtodisconnectpeoplefromothersaroundthem.Withcellphones,mostpeoplethinkthatit’seasierandmoreconvenienttotextinsteadofmeetinginperson.LucasLengacher,anundergraduatefromHuntingtonUniversity,claimsinhisarticlethatatleast42.91%peoplerespondtomessagesimmediatelyyetonly2.83%peopledon’tchecktheirphonesinthemorning.Inhisresearchhefoundthat“almost60percentofpeoplefeltdisconnectedfromothersaroundwhentheywereontheirphones”.4.Humaninteractionhasbeenbasicallyinfluencedby______.A.people’srelationships B.socialsystemsC.mobiledevices D.communicationskills5.Howistheideaofparagraph2supported?A.Byanalyzingdata. B.Byprovidingcases.C.Bydefiningaconcept. D.Bymakingcomparisons.6.WhatdoesLucas’sresearchfind?A.Phonesdisconnectuswhenwearetogether.B.Phonesarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.C.Peoplecommunicatelessbecauseofphysicaldistance.D.Phonesarehelpingpeoplebuildnewercommunicationskills.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotechnology?A.Positive. B.Skeptical. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类的互动基本上受到移动设备的影响，文章指出科技帮助人们建立更新和必要的沟通技巧，但同时科技也妨碍了人们的互动。【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.C【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Whiletechnologyhasdevelopedoverthousandsofyears,thelastcenturyhasseenanexplosionintechnologythathasinfluencedfundamentalchangesinhowhumansseetheworldandinteractwithothers.Specifically,theInternetandmobiledeviceshavecompletelychangedthewaypeopleinteractwitheachother.(虽然技术已经发展了数千年，但上个世纪见证了技术的爆炸式发展，影响了人类看待世界和与他人互动方式的根本变化。具体来说，互联网和移动设备已经彻底改变了人们相互交流的方式)”可知，人类的互动基本上受到移动设备的影响。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Undoubtedly,technologyishelpingpeoplebuildnewerandnecessarycommunicationskills.Inbusiness,officeemployeesandmanagersusetechnologytosendemailstooneanother,whichisconsideredacommunicationskill.Onsocialmedia,justshareafewofyourimagesandpeoplestartcommunicatingonandaboutyourimagesaccordingtotheirviewpoint.WiththeoutbreakofCOVID-19,inordertoworkontheprojects,thestudentsusetheirphonestoreachtheirteachersandclassmates.(毫无疑问，科技正在帮助人们建立更新和必要的沟通技巧。在商业中，办公室员工和经理使用技术向彼此发送电子邮件，这被认为是一种沟通技巧。在社交媒体上，只要分享一些你的照片，人们就会开始根据他们的观点来交流你的照片。随着新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，为了完成项目，学生们用手机联系老师和同学)”可推知，第二段通过提供案例来支持观点。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“LucasLengacher,anundergraduatefromHuntingtonUniversity,claimsinhisarticlethatatleast42.91%peoplerespondtomessagesimmediatelyyetonly2.83%peopledon’tchecktheirphonesinthemorning.Inhisresearchhefoundthat“almost60percentofpeoplefeltdisconnectedfromothersaroundwhentheywereontheirphones”.(亨廷顿大学的本科生LucasLengacher在他的文章中称，至少有42.91%的人会立即回复信息，但只有2.83%的人不会在早上查看手机。在他的研究中，他发现“近60%的人在玩手机时感觉与周围的人脱节”)”可知，卢卡斯的研究发现当我们在一起的时候，电话切断了我们的联系。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Undoubtedly,technologyishelpingpeoplebuildnewerandnecessarycommunicationskills.(毫无疑问，科技正在帮助人们建立更新和必要的沟通技巧)”以及第三段“However,technologyissometimesconsideredtodisconnectpeoplefromothersaroundthem.(然而，科技有时被认为使人们与周围的人脱节)”可推知，作者说明了科技的好处和缺点，即作者对科技的态度是客观的。故选C。CYoungkids’brainsareverysensitive(敏感的)totheirmoms’voices,sciencehasshown.Butaskidsgrowintoteens,everythingchanges.Teenagers’brainsarenowmoresensitivetostrangers’voicesthanthoseoftheirownmoms’,newresearchshows.Theresearchersstudiedthebrainsof7-to16-year-oldsastheylistenedtothingssaidbytheirmomsorbyunfamiliarwomen.Thewordsweregibberish:teebudieshawlt,keebudieshawltandpeebudieshawlt.Usingsuchmeaninglesswordsallowedthescientiststostudythevoices,notwhattheyweresaying.Asthekidslistened,certainpartsoftheirbrainsbecameactive.Thiswasespeciallytrueinbrainareasthathelpustofindrewardsandpayattention.DanielAbrams,aresearcheratStanfordUniversity,saysthatyoungerkids’brainsrespondmorestronglytotheirmoms’voicesthantostrangers’.However,inadolescence(青春期),weshowtheexactopposite.“Theseareasintheadolescentbrainsdon’tstoprespondingtomoms’voices,”Abramsexplains.“It’sjustthatunfamiliarvoicesbecomemoreworthyofattention.Here’swhy:Askidsgrowup,theywidentheirsocialconnectionsbeyondtheirfamily.Sotheirbrainsneedtobeginpayingmoreattentiontothatwiderworld.”Butmoms’voicesstillhavespecialpower,especiallyintimesofstress,a2011studywithgirlsshowed.Levelsofstressdroppedwhenthesegirlsheardtheirmoms’voicesonthephone.Thebrainseemstoadapttonewneedsthatcomewithadolescence.“Aswegrowup,oursurvivaldependslessandlessonourmoms’support.”saysLeslieSeltzer,abiologicalanthropologistattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison.“Insteadwerelymoreandmoreonourfriendsandothersdosertoourownage.”“Sowhilebothteensandtheirparentsmaysometimesfeelannoyed,that’sOK,”Abramssays.“Thisisthewaythebrainiswired,andthere’sagoodreasonforit.”8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gibberish”inparagraph2referto?A.Question. B.Story. C.Saying. D.Nonsense.9.Whydoteensbecomemoresensitivetounfamiliarvoices?A.Theyneedmoreconnections. B.Theydesirerealunderstanding.C.Theyaretiredoftheirmoms. D.Theyhavemoreenergytospare.10.Whataremoms’voicesliketoteensaccordingtothe2011study?A.Exciting. B.Unpleasant. C.Comforting. D.Strange.11.WhatisDanielAbrams’opiniononteens’changeintheirvoicepreference?A.Itdeservesscientificprevention. B.Itisnormalandunderstandable.C.Itisdiscouragingandproblematic. D.Itnegativelyaffectstheirgrowth.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是当孩子们变成青少年时，陌生的声音会变得比妈妈的声音更有吸引力，这其中是有科学依据的。【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.B【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“teebudieshawlt,keebudieshawltandpeebudieshawlt”和“Usingsuchmeaninglesswords(用这些无意义的词语)”可推知，画线词gibberish的意思是“无意义的话”，与nonsense的意思最为接近。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“It’sjustthatunfamiliarvoicesbecomemoreworthyofattention.Here’swhy:Askidsgrowup,theywidentheirsocialconnectionsbeyondtheirfamily.Sotheirbrainsneedtobeginpayingmoreattentiontothatwiderworld.(只是不熟悉的声音变得更值得关注。原因如下：随着孩子的成长，他们扩大了家庭以外的社会关系。所以他们的大脑需要开始更多地关注更广阔的世界。)”可知，青少年对陌生的声音反应更敏感是因为他们需要扩大自己的社交关系。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Butmoms’voicesstillhavespecialpower,especiallyintimesofstress,a2011studywithgirlsshowed.Levelsofstressdroppedwhenthesegirlsheardtheirmoms’voicesonthephone.(但2011年一项针对女孩的研究显示，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候。当这些女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的压力水平下降了。)”可推断，对于青少年来说，妈妈的声音让青少年感到安慰。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Sowhilebothteensandtheirparentsmaysometimesfeelannoyed,that’sOK,”Abramssays.“Thisisthewaythebrainiswired,andthere’sagoodreasonforit.”(Abrams说：“所以，虽然青少年和他们的父母有时会感到恼火，但这没关系。”“这就是大脑的连接方式，这是有充分理由的。”)”可推断，DanielAbrams认为青少年的声音偏爱的变化是正常且可以理解的。故选B。DDuringtheBeijing2022WinterOlympics,foreignjournalistsnotonlyenjoyedtheChineseathletes’excellentperformance,butexperienced“thespeedofChina”inthedevelopmentofhigh-speedrail.OnFeb.14,57journalistsfrom36Chineseandforeignmediagroupswereinvitedbythe2022BeijingMediaCentertovisitthecity’srailtransitcommandcentertoexplorethe“secret”ofBeijing’shigh-qualitydevelopmentinthefield.Beijinghasformedasafe,convenient,efficientandgreenrailtransitsystem.Itnowconsistsof27metrolines,increasedfromtwoin2001whenBeijingwonthebidtohostthe2008OlympicGames.Lastyear,thecity’smetrolinestogetherhandlednearly10millionpassengertripsperworkingday,accountingfor57percentofthetotalnumbercarriedbyurbanpublicvehicles.Comparedwithcartravel,eachsubwaypassengercanreduce77percentoftheircarbonemissions,whichmeansthetotalreducedcarbonemissionscanreach7.38millionmetrictonsayear.Thisisequaltotheamountofcarbondioxideabsorbedby410milliontrees,expertssaid.Inadditiontoefficiencyandecologicalprotection,thecity’surbanrailtransitisbecomingmoreintelligent.Forexample,thewestpartofMetroLine11isknownasalineservingthe2022WinterOlympics,whichfeaturesafullyautomateddrivingmodeunderstaffsupervisionatthebeginningofthetrain’soperation.AlthoughChinawasbehinddevelopedcountriesinhigh-speedrailwaydevelopment,ithasaccumulatedabundantexperienceinconstructingalltypesofrailways,includinghigh-speedandrailwaysathighaltitudesandcarryingheavyloads.Thecountryalsohasthelongesthigh-speedrailmileage,whichaccountsformorethan66percentoftheworld’stotal.“China’shigh-speedtrainsrunacrossriversandmountainstoreachalldirections,fromforestsandsnowyfieldsinthenorthtowetlandssouthoftheYangtzeRiver,andfromthedesertinthewesttotheEastChinaSea,”saidZouWu,aseniorengineerattheChinaStateRailwayGroup.“Thecountry’shigh-speedrailwaynetworkcovers92percentofthecitieseachwithapopulationofmorethan500,000people.”12.WhydidjournalistsvisitBeijing’srailtransitcommandcenter?A.ToenjoytheChineseathletes’excellentperformance.B.TovisitBeijingMediaCenterwithsomeforeigntourists.C.TofigureoutBeijing’srapiddevelopmentofhigh-speedrail.D.Toexplorethe“secret”oftheculturaldevelopmentofBeijing.13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?A.Cartravel’scarbonemissionsarereducedby77percent.B.Thetotalcarbonemissionsareincreasedbecauseoftherailways.C.Passengerscompletelycontroltheircarbonemissionsbysubway.D.Takingasubwaywillbebeneficialtotheenvironmentofthecity.14.WhatcanwelearnfromZouWu’swords?A.China’shigh-speedtrainsreacheverywhere.B.China’shigh-speedtrainsareappliedwidely.C.China’shigh-speedtrainspromotetheforests’growth.D.China’shigh-speedtrainsrunfromthedesertintheeast.15.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.High-speedrailwaydepressesOlympics’journalists.B.High-speedrailwayimpressesOlympics’journalists.C.High-speedrailwayimprovesOlympics’qualityefficiently.D.High-speedrailwayinfluencesOlympics’athletes’careers.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了中国“速度”给奥运记者留下了深刻印象，并介绍了中国高铁的发展和取得的成就。【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.B【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“DuringtheBeijing2022WinterOlympics,foreignjournalistsnotonlyenjoyedtheChineseathletes’excellentperformance,butexperienced“thespeedofChina”inthedevelopmentofhigh-speedrail.(在北京2022年冬奥会期间，外国记者不仅欣赏了中国运动员的出色表现，还体验了高铁发展中的“中国速度”)”以及第二段“OnFeb.14,57journalistsfrom36Chineseandforeignmediagroupswereinvitedbythe2022BeijingMediaCentertovisitthecity’srailtransitcommandcentertoexplorethe“secret”ofBeijing’shigh-qualitydevelopmentinthefield.(2月14日，来自36家中外媒体集团的57名记者应2022北京媒体中心的邀请，来到北京市轨道交通指挥中心，探索北京在该领域高质量发展的“秘密”)”可知，记者参观北京轨道交通指挥中心的原因是探索北京高速铁路的快速发展。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Comparedwithcartravel,eachsubwaypassengercanreduce77percentoftheircarbonemissions,whichmeansthetotalreducedcarbonemissionscanreach7.38millionmetrictonsayear.(与汽车出行相比，每个地铁乘客可以减少77%的碳排放，这意味着减少的碳排放总量可以达到7%。每年3800万吨)”可知，乘坐地铁有益于城市环境。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段““China’shigh-speedtrainsrunacrossriversandmountainstoreachalldirections,fromforestsandsnowyfieldsinthenorthtowetlandssouthoftheYangtzeRiver,andfromthedesertinthewesttotheEastChinaSea,”saidZouWu,aseniorengineerattheChinaStateRailwayGroup.“Thecountry’shigh-speedrailwaynetworkcovers92percentofthecitieseachwithapopulationofmorethan500,000people.”(“中国的高铁穿越河流和高山，到达四面八方，从北方的森林和雪原到长江以南的湿地，从西部的沙漠到东海。”邹武说，中国国家铁路集团公司高级工程师。“全国高铁网络覆盖了92%的人口超过50万的城市。”)”可知，中国的高铁应用广泛。故选B。【15题详解】标题判断题。根据第一段“DuringtheBeijing2022WinterOlympics,foreignjournalistsnotonlyenjoyedtheChineseathletes’excellentperformance,butexperienced“thespeedofChina”inthedevelopmentofhigh-speedrail.(在北京2022年冬奥会期间，外国记者不仅欣赏了中国运动员的出色表现，还体验了高铁发展中的“中国速度”)”可知，中国“速度”给奥运记者留下了深刻印象。B项“高速铁路给奥运会记者留下了深刻印象”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。BenefitsofColdWeatherThere’snodoubtaboutit—coldweathercanbeprettyunpleasant.___16___Soifyou’refeelingdownaboutthecoldtemperaturesoutside,readonforafewreasonstobehappyaboutthem!Itboostsyourbrain.Coldtemperaturescanexciteyourbrain,allowingimprovedfocusandgreaterclarityofthought.Thecoldclimateincreasesoxygenflowtothebrain.___17___Itincreasesbrownfatcontent.Coldweatherhastheuniqueabilitytoincreasethenumberofbrownfatcells.___18___.Notonlydotheyhelpusstaycomfortablywarmincoldtemperatures,buttheymayalsoevenpromoteweightlossovertime.___19___Incoldweather,anevenbodytemperaturecanbebeneficialforagoodnight’srest.Asourbodiestrytokeepwarmwhenit’scoldout,bloodvesselsgetnarrowerandhelpcontrolyoursleeptemperatureforamorerelaxedandrestfulsleep.Peoplesleepingincolderenvironmentsgenerallywakeupfeelingmorerefreshedthanthosesleepinginwarmertemperatures.Itimprovesskinhealth.___20___Lowtemperaturesforceustodresswarmlyagainstthecold,leadingtoprotectionagainstenvironmentalaspectsthatwouldotherwiseremovewaterfromourskin.Allinall,therearemanybenefitstospendingtimeoutsideincoldweather!Nexttimeyouwanttostayinsideandavoidthecold,keepthesebenefitsinmindandconsidergettingoutsideforafewminutes!A.Ithelpsyousleep.B.Itraiseshealthawareness.C.Thus,thecentralnervoussystemcanperformatincreasedlevels.D.Coldweatherexposureisahelpfulcontributiontoourwell-being.E.Theyareimportantforcontrollingbodytemperaturebyproducingheat.F.Coldweathercanbegoodforkeepingourskinlookingandfeelinghealthy.G.Whileitmakesuswanttostayindoors,coldweatherhassomemajorbenefits.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了寒冷天气的一些好处。【答案】16.G17.C18.E19.A20.F【16题详解】根据上文“There’snodoubtaboutit—coldweathercanbeprettyunpleasant.(毫无疑问，寒冷的天气会让人很不舒服。)”以及后文“Soifyou’refeelingdownaboutthecoldtemperaturesoutside,readonforafewreasonstobehappyaboutthem!(所以，如果你对外面的寒冷天气感到沮丧，那就往下读，看看有什么理由让你开心起来吧！)”可知，后文提到了寒冷的天气也有理由开心，说明寒冷的天气也有好处。故G选项“虽然它使我们想呆在室内，但寒冷的天气也有一些主要的好处”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“Itboostsyourbrain.Coldtemperaturescanexciteyourbrain,allowingimprovedfocusandgreaterclarityofthought.Thecoldclimateincreasesoxygenflowtothebrain.(它能增强你的大脑。低温可以刺激你的大脑，让你的注意力更集中，思维更清晰。寒冷的气候增加了大脑的氧气流量。)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出寒冷的气候增加了大脑的氧气流量所带来的积极影响。故C选项“因此，中枢神经系统可以在更高的水平上工作。”符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据上文“Itincreasesbrownfatcontent.Coldweatherhastheuniqueabilitytoincreasethenumberofbrownfatcells.(它增加棕色脂肪的含量。寒冷的天气有增加棕色脂肪细胞数量的独特能力。)”以及后文“Notonlydotheyhelpusstaycomfortablywarmincoldtemperatures,buttheymayalsoevenpromoteweightlossovertime.(它们不仅能帮助我们在寒冷的天气里保持舒适温暖，而且随着时间的推移，它们甚至还能促进减肥。)”可知，本句承接上文，解释棕色脂肪细胞的作用，E选项中They指代上文brownfatcells。故E选项“它们通过产生热量对控制体温很重要。”符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】根据本段内容“Incoldweather,anevenbodytemperaturecanbebeneficialforagoodnight’srest.Asourbodiestrytokeepwarmwhenit’scoldout,bloodvesselsgetnarrowerandhelpcontrolyoursleeptemperatureforamorerelaxedandrestfulsleep.Peoplesleepingincolderenvironmentsgenerallywakeupfeelingmorerefreshedthanthosesleepinginwarmertemperatures.(在寒冷的天气里，稳定的体温有助于晚上睡个好觉。当外面很冷的时候，我们的身体会试图保持温暖，血管会变窄，帮助控制你的睡眠温度，从而获得更放松、更安宁的睡眠。睡在寒冷环境中的人醒来时通常比睡在温暖环境中的人更神清气爽。)”可知，本段的主旨是寒冷的天气有助于睡眠。故A选项“它有助于睡眠。”符合语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据后文“Lowtemperaturesforceustodresswarmlyagainstthecold,leadingtoprotectionagainstenvironmentalaspectsthatwouldotherwiseremovewaterfromourskin.(低温迫使我们穿上暖和的衣服来抵御寒冷，从而保护我们免受环境因素的影响，否则会使皮肤失去水分。)”可知，后文提到低温会避免皮肤失去水分，即寒冷天气对皮肤有好处。故F选项“寒冷的天气可以使我们的皮肤看起来和感觉健康。”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言知识运用(共三节,满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Isabella’slifewastotallyintroublein2021.Herrelationshipwithherpartnerended.Severalmonthslater,herfathercontractedarareformofcancer,andshewasfeelingincreasingly___21___inherjob.Todistractherselffromhertroubles,Isabellalikedtofindandtake___22___ofbugs.Sometimes,ifshefoundabeetleorabeethatsheparticularlyliked,she’d___23___itonFacebook.ThosepostsattractedtheattentionofawomannamedMadeline,whostudies___24___atthelocalnaturalhistorymuseum.AfterseeingIsabella’spictures,Madeline___25___toseeifshewantedatourofthemuseum’sinsectary.WhenIsabellaarrivedatthemuseum,Madeline___26___herandhandedheralabcoat.Shethenledherthroughvariousexhibits.“Iremembersheopenedupthisfreezer,like,‘Comecheckthisout,’anditwasfullofdeadbugs....AndIjustrememberhow___27___shewasabouteverything.”Isabellasaid.Forthefirsttimeinages,Isabellafeltherselflightup.Madelinenoticedher___28___andsuggestedIsabellavolunteeratthemuseumforafewhourseveryweek.Despiteherdoubts,Isabelladecidedto___29___.EveryWednesday,she’darriveatthemuseum.Andwitheachvolunteer___30___,shefeltalittlebitbetter.“Itgavemethissenseofpurpose.Ithelpedmereconnectwithmyloveof___31___andnaturethatI’dalwayshad,”Isabellasaid.Soon,Isabella___32___herjobandstartedworkinginsciencemedia.ShenowisthecreatorandhostofapodcastcalledOlogies.IsabellahadMadelineontheshowasherfirst___33___.“SometimesIwonderwhatwouldhavehappenedifIdidn’ttakeheruponher___34___.Whatwouldmylifehavebeenlike?It’snotanicethought.WhowouldIbe?Youknow,Madeline,inoneinstant,___35___mywholelife,”saidIsabella.21.A.mighty B.nervous C.dynamic D.unhappy22.A.samples B.pictures C.notes D.screenshots23.A.post B.sustain C.deliver D.resolve24.A.birds B.plants C.insects D.humans25.A.checkedout B.reachedout C.allowfor D.calledoff26.A.greeted B.served C.facilitated D.navigated27.A.confident B.excited C.astonished D.upset28.A.anxiety B.patience C.enthusiasm D.disappointment29.A.signup B.setout C.settlein D.takeover30.A.report B.evaluation C.shift D.recruitment31.A.science B.philosophy C.history D.photography32.A.kept B.lost C.found D.quit33.A.writer B.director C.guest D.listener34.A.promise B.offer C.challenge D.decision35.A.changed B.ruined C.expanded D.defined【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了在Isabella生活彻底陷入困境时，她经常将自己拍下的昆虫的照片发布在Facebook上，一位在当地自然历史博物馆研究昆虫的女士Madeline看到了她的照片，建议她来博物馆当志愿者，这使她重新找回了一直以来对科学和自然的热爱，并且她找到了自己喜欢的工作，这改变了她的一生。【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.B26.A27.B28.C29.A30.B31.A32.D33.C34.B35.A【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，她的父亲患上了一种罕见的癌症，她对自己的工作越来越不满意。A.mighty强大的；B.nervous紧张的；C.dynamic充满活力的；D.unhappy不高兴的，不满意的。根据倒数第二段中“Soon,Isabella________herjobandstartedworkinginsciencemedia.”可知，Isabella最终辞去了这个工作，换了自己喜欢的工作，这说明她对自己的这个工作不满意，故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了分散自己的注意力，Isabella喜欢寻找虫子并拍照。A.samples样品；B.pictures图片，照片；C.notes笔记；D.screenshots屏幕截图。由下文“AfterseeingIsabella’spictures”可知，此处pictures是同词复现，即Isabella拍下虫子的照片，故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，如果她发现一只她特别喜欢的甲虫或蜜蜂，她会把它发布到Facebook上。A.post发布；B.sustain维持；C.deliver递送；D.resolve解决。由下文“itonFacebook”可知，将照片发布在Facebook，故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些帖子引起了一位名叫Madeline的女士的注意，她在当地自然历史博物馆研究昆虫。A.birds鸟；B.plants植物；C.insects昆虫；D.humans人类。由上文“ifshefoundabeetleorabeethatsheparticularlyliked”，“ThosepostsattractedtheattentionofawomannamedMadeline”和下文“atthelocalnaturalhistorymuseum”可知，甲虫、蜜蜂这些都属于昆虫，所以说Isabella发布的甲虫、蜜蜂等这些昆虫照片引起了Madeline的注意，故选C。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：看完Isabella的照片后，Madeline联系她是否想来博物馆的昆虫馆。A.checkedout结账；B.reachedout伸手；C.allowfor考虑到；D.calledoff取消。reachoutto固定搭配，意为“联系”，由下文“seeifshewantedatourofthemuseum’sinsectary.”可知，Madeline联系Isabella，问她是否愿意想来博物馆的昆虫馆。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Isabella到达博物馆时，Madeline向她打招呼，并递给她一件实验室外套。A.greeted打招呼；B.served服务；C.facilitated促进；D.navigated导航。由上文“WhenIsabellaarrivedatthemuseum”可知，Isabella到了博物馆后，Madeline应该是和她打招呼，欢迎她的到来。故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只记得她对一切都感到多么兴奋。A.confident自信的；B.excited兴奋的；C.astonished惊讶的；D.upset心烦意乱的。上文“Isabellalikedtofindandtake________ofbugs.”可知，Isabella喜欢拍虫子的照片，说明她喜欢看这些虫子，所以当她在博物馆看到各种虫子展品时，应该是兴奋的，下文“Forthefirsttimeinages,Isabellafeltherselflightup.”也是提示，故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Madeline注意到了她的热情，并建议Isabella每周在博物馆做几个小时的志愿者。A.anxiety焦虑；B.patience耐心；C.enthusiasm激情，热情；D.disappointment失望。根据上文“Forthefirsttimeinages,Isabellafeltherselflightup.”可知，Isabella在博物馆看到各种虫子展品时很兴奋，由此可知，当时Isabella的热情高涨，故选C。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管心存疑虑，Isabella还是决定报名。A.signup报名；B.setout出发；C.settlein安顿下来；D.takeover接管。下文“EveryWednesday,she’darriveatthemuseum.”指出Isabella每周三都去博物馆当志愿者，这说明她同意在博物馆做志愿者，即报名了这个职位，故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着每一次志愿者的评估，她都感觉好一点了。A.report报告；B.evaluation评估；C.shift转移；D.recruitment招聘。由上文“EveryWednesday,she’darriveatthemuseum.”和下文“Itgavemethissenseofpurpose.Ithelpedmereconnectwithmyloveof________andnaturethatI’dalwayshad,”可知，Isabella在博物馆做志愿者，所以会有对志愿者的评估，对志愿者的评估给了她这种使命感。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词词义辨析。句意：“它帮助我重新找回了我一直以来对科学和自然的热爱，”Isabella说。A.science科学；B.philosophy哲学；C.history历史；D.photography摄影。下文“Soon,Isabella________herjobandstartedworkinginsciencemedia.”指出Isabella随后开始找了关于科学媒体的工作，这说明她热爱科学，故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，Isabella辞去了工作，开始在科学媒体工作。A.kept保持；B.lost丢失；C.found找到；D.quit放弃，辞职。由下文“startedworkinginsciencemedia”可知，她换了工作，即在科学媒体工作，这说明她辞去了原来的工作，故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Isabella邀请Madeline作为她的第一位嘉宾出现在节目中。A.writer作者；B.director导演；C.guest客人；D.listener听者。上文“ShenowisthecreatorandhostofapodcastcalledOlogies”可知，她现在是一个名为Ologies的播客的创始人和主持人,所以应该是邀请Madeline作为她的嘉宾出现在节目中。故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时我想知道如果我不接受她的提议会发生什么。A.promise承诺；B.offer提供，报价，提议；C.challenge挑战；D.decision决定。由上文“Madelinenoticedher________andsuggestedIsabellavolunteeratthemuseumforafewhourseveryweek.”可知，此处指当初Madeline建议Isabella在博物馆当志愿者的这个提议，故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。