福建省福州市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量检测英语试题

2023～2024学年第一学期福州市高一年级期末质量检测英语试卷（本试题卷共12页。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。）友情提示：请将所有答案填写到答题卡上！请不要错位、越界答题！第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatwillthewomanprobablydotonight?A．Gotoashow.B．Reviewherlessons.C．Visitherhistoryteacher.2．Howmuchdidthewomanpay?A．$60.B．$75.C．$90.3．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A．Catchalaterflight.B．Askforawakeupservice.C．Gotobedearliertonight.4．Whatdoesthemanmean?A．Onlystudentscanborrowreferencebooks.B．Thelibraryisshortofreferencebooks.C．Referencebooksarenotforlending.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．WhythemanteachesEnglish.B．WhatlanguagethemanusesinclassC．Howthemanlearnedaforeignlanguage.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．WhichplaceisSallyinterestedin?A．TheLondonEye.B．TheThames.C．TheCoventGarden.7．Whatdoesthewomanprobablywanttododuringthetrip?A．Goboating.B．Seeanimals.C．Visitmuseums.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．Whatdoesthewomanhavetroubledoingeveryday?A．Doingshopping.B．Doingcleaning.C．Doingwashing.9．Wheredoestheconversationtakeplaceprobably?A．Atasupermarket.B．Atanursinghome.C．Atthewoman’shouse.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．WhydidVivianandherfriendshavetowaitforatable?A．Theydidn’treserveone.B．Theywantedabiggerone.C．Theybookedoneforthewrongtime.11．WhatdidVivianlikebestabouthermeal?A．Thesoup.B．Thefish.C．Thechicken.12．WhathappenedtoVivianandherfriendsintheend?A．Theysentthewrongdishback.B．Theyspentanhourcheckingthebill.C．Theypaidlessmoneyforthemeal.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．Whoisthemangoingtoplaygolfwith?A．Thewoman.B．Hisworkmates.C．Hisschoolmates.14．WhatwillthewomandothisFriday?A．Takesomecourses.B．Takepartinatryout.C．Dosportsataschoolgym.15．Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A．Heisn’tgoodatbasketball.B．Hejoinsabasketballteam.C．Heprefersdoingexerciseinthegym.16．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofplayingbasketball?A．Tiring.B．Challenging.C．Helpful.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．WhendidElizabethmovetoNewYork?A．In1821.B．In1831.C．In1849.18．HowdidElizabethmakemoneyforherstudy?A．Byworkingasamusicteacher.B．Byteachingatamedicalschool.C．Byplayingguitarinaband.19．WhathappenedtoElizabethattheageof28?A．ShereturnedtoPhiladelphia.B．Shewasacceptedbyadoctor.C．Shegraduatedfrommedicalschool.20．WhatwasoneofElizabeth’scontributions?A．Shefoughthardforwomen’sright.B．Shehelpedtrainmanywomendoctors.C．Shesetupthefirsthospitalintheworld.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFrombeehives(蜂箱)onrooftopstominiforests,creativeideasarebringingnatureintocities,allaroundtheworld.Herearesomeexamples.Liverpool,EnglandAlivingwallishowLiverpoolhasmaderoomfornatureinitsbusycitycenter.Builtin2020,Liverpool’slivingwallhasbeenplantedwith14,000evergreenstohelptrapsomeofthepollutionproducedbythecity’snearbybusstation.In2021,anothermeasurewastaken.Tworooftopbeehiveswerefixedfor40,000beestolivein.Therehasbeenagreatincreaseinthebeepopulationandimprovementofthemunity’secology(生态)inthefollowingyears.Singapore,SoutheastAsiaSingaporeisdeterminedtobe“acityinnature”.InFebruary2021thecitystateannouncedits“GreenPlan2030”—tomakethecityascontinualandnatureinclusiveaspossible.Singaporealreadyhasover400parksandfournaturereservesandby2026thiswillincreaseto300hectares(公顷).Theypromiseby2030nofamilyshouldbemorethanatenminutewalkfromagreenspace.Seoul,SouthKoreaandIzmir,TurkeyInSouthKorea,Seoulhasplantedaforesttolowercitytemperaturesby3to7℃.TheTurkishcityofIzmirishopingtoreducepollutionwiththeMavisehirPeynirciogluStreamEcologicalCorridor(河流生态走廊),CuritibaBrazilCuritiba,Brazil,hasbeenworkingtowardsanecofriendlymodelsincethe1970sandcityplannersmadethewellbeingofpeopletheirmainconcern.Inthefaceofanincreasingpopulation,addingnaturalrelaxationspacesandencouragingrecyclingpracticeshasbeeakeypartofcityplanning.Thegovernment’sforestationplanhasseentheplantingofmanytreesinpublicareas.Ten“miniforests”havealsobeenestablished,makinguseofsmallerareaswherelargerplantationsareimpossible.1.Whatisthepurposeofalivingwall?A.Toreducepollution. B.Tofixbeehives.C.Totrapbeepopulation. D.Toplantevergreens.2.WhatdoesSingaporepromiseby2030?A.Increasedspaceforparks. B.Easierreachofgreenareas.C.Continualgrowthofthecity. D.Greaterareaofnaturereserves.3.Whichofthefollowingsucceedsingreeningsmallerspaces?A.Singapore. B.Curitiba. C.Seoul. D.Izmir.4.Whatisthesharedgoaloftheseprojects?A.Toreducelocalpollution. B.Toproviderelaxationspaces.C.Tolowercitytemperatures. D.Toimprovelivingenvironment.5.Whichisthebesttitleofthetext?A.CreativeIdeas:WorkingTogether B.PromisesingTrueC.NatureReserves:Moreing D.CitiesTurningGreen【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.D5.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界各地的城市引入自然，改善生活环境的创新想法和实践。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Liverpool,England中“Builtin2020,Liverpool’slivingwallhasbeenplantedwith14,000evergreenstohelptrapsomeofthepollutionproducedbythecity’snearbybusstation.(利物浦的绿色墙建于2020年，种植了1.4万棵常青树，以帮助捕获该市附近公交车站产生的一些污染)”可知，绿色墙的用处是减少污染。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Singapore,SoutheastAsia中“Theypromiseby2030nofamilyshouldbemorethanatenminutewalkfromagreenspace.(他们承诺，到2030年，每个家庭距离绿色空间的步行距离将超过10分钟)”可知，新加坡承诺到2030年居民可以更容易到达绿色区域。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Curitiba,Brazil中“Ten“miniforests”havealsobeenestablished,makinguseofsmallerareaswherelargerplantationsareimpossible.(还建立了10个“迷你森林”，利用不可能建造大型种植园的较小地区)”可知，巴西的库里提巴成功做到了绿化小空间。故选B项。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据Liverpool,England中“tohelptrapsomeofthepollutionproducedbythecity’snearbybusstation(以帮助捕获该市附近公交车站产生的一些污染)”和“Therehasbeenagreatincreaseinthebeepopulationandimprovementofthemunity’secology(生态)inthefollowingyears.(在接下来的几年里，蜜蜂的数量有了很大的增加，社区的生态也得到了改善)”、Singapore,SoutheastAsia中“tomakethecityascontinualandnatureinclusiveaspossible(使城市尽可能地具有连续性和自然包容性)”、Seoul,SouthKoreaandIzmir,Turkey中“tolowercitytemperaturesby3to7℃(使城市温度降低3到7℃)”和“toreducepollution(减少污染)”以及Curitiba,Brazil中“cityplannersmadethewellbeingofpeopletheirmainconcern(城市规划者把人民的福祉作为他们主要关心的问题)”可知，这些项目的共同的目标是优化生态情况，改善生活环境。故选D项。【5题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Frombeehives(蜂箱)onrooftopstominiforests,creativeideasarebringingnatureintocities,allaroundtheworld.(从屋顶上的蜂箱到迷你森林，创新的想法将自然带入世界各地的城市)”可知，文章是在介绍世界各地的城市引入自然，改善生活环境的创新想法和实践。因此，D项“城市在变绿”契合文章中介绍的各种想法和实践，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。BOnholiday,manywillfindthemselvesinplaceswheretheydonotspeakthelanguage.Onceuponatime,theymighthavecarriedaphrasebook.Butnow,manysimple,freeappsaregoodnewsforthosetravelers.Withtheseapps’conversationmode,peopletalkintoaphoneandaspokentranslationisheardmomentslater.MaybethebestknownappisGoogleTranslate,thoughsmallmistakescanhappenduetoitswordforwordtranslation.Surprisingly,thebesttoolmaynotbeatranslationappatall.Thoughnotmarketedforthat,ChatGPT,agenerativeAIsystem,canwritemessagesindifferentlanguages,producingnaturaloutputlikeanativespeaker.AsAItranslationbeesanevenmorepopularlaboursavingtool,societymaydivideintotwogroups.Therewillbethosewhowanttofullyexperienceothercultures.Thisgroupwillstilltakeonlanguagestudy,oftenaidedbytechnology.Otherswilllookatlearninganewlanguagewithadifferentattitude:“Goodforyou,ifthat’syourthing,butabitpainfulformytaste.”Afterall,mostpeopledonotmoveabroadoroftenhavecontactwithaforeignculture.Ontheirholiday,theyjustwantabeerandspaghetti(意大利面).Asaresult,someexpertsareconcernedthatAIisleadingtoadecreasinginterestinlanguagelearning.WriterDouglasHofstadterhasarguedthatsomethingmeaningfulwilldisappearwhenpeoplemunicatethroughmachines.Hedescribesgivingadisconnected,difficultspeechinChinese,whichrequiredalotofworkbutofferedasenseofachievementattheend.Whowouldboastof(吹嘘)takingahelicoptertothetopofMountEverest(珠穆朗玛峰)?WhileAItranslationseemspractical,wemustrecognizethesocialnatureoflanguage.WhentryingtoaskdirectionsinbrokenJapaneseormakeajokeinawkwardGerman,youaremakingdirectcontactwithsomeone.Thebestrelationshipsdonotrequireathirdparty.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestranslationapps?A.Freebuthardtouse. B.Popularbutexpensive.C.Quickbutwithmistakes. D.Easytousebutslow.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Conversation. B.Languagelearning. C.Messagewriting. D.Translation.8.Whydoesthewritermention“beerandspaghetti”inparagraph3?A.Topresentanopinion. B.Tosupportafact. C.Tomakeanexcuse. D.Togiveareason.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromDouglasHofstadter’sopinion?A.ReachingMountEverestisquiteeasy.B.Learningaforeignlanguageislessattractive.C.Talkingwithoutthehelpoftechnologyisworthwhile.D.Makingaspeechinanotherlanguageistoochallenging.10.Whatisthesocialnatureoflanguage?A.Directconnectionwithpeople. B.Brokenbutfunnytranslation.C.Awkwardrelationsbetweenpeople. D.municationwiththethirdparty.【答案】6.C7.D8.B9.C10.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了翻译应用程序的特点以及如今人工智能成为一种更受欢迎的节省劳动力的工具，社会可能会分成两派。因此，一些专家担心人工智能会导致人们对语言学习的兴趣下降。对此，作者认为虽然人工智能翻译看起来很实用，但我们必须认识到语言的社会性质。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Withtheseapps’conversationmode,peopletalkintoaphoneandaspokentranslationisheardmomentslater.MaybethebestknownappisGoogleTranslate,thoughsmallmistakescanhappenduetoitswordforwordtranslation.(有了这些应用程序的对话模式，人们对着说话，一会儿就能听到语音翻译。也许最著名的应用程序是谷歌翻译，尽管它的逐字翻译可能会出现一些小错误)”可推知，翻译应用快速但有时会有错误。故选C。【7题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Surprisingly,thebesttoolmaynotbeatranslationappatall.(令人惊讶的是，最好的工具可能根本不是翻译应用程序)”以及后文“ChatGPT,agenerativeAIsystem,canwritemessagesindifferentlanguages,producingnaturaloutputlikeanativespeaker(ChatGPT是一个生成型人工智能系统，可以用不同的语言编写信息，像母语人士一样产生自然输出)”可知，ChatGPT是一种生成式人工智能系统，尽管没有被宣传有翻译功能，它还是可以用不同的语言编写信息，像母语人士一样自然地说话，故that指的是“翻译”。故选D。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Afterall,mostpeopledonotmoveabroadoroftenhavecontactwithaforeignculture.Ontheirholiday,theyjustwantabeerandspaghetti(意大利面).(毕竟，大多数人不会移居国外，也不会经常接触外国文化。度假时，他们只想要一杯啤酒和意大利面)”可推知，作者在第三段提到“啤酒和意大利面”是为了支持上文提到的大多数人不会移居国外，也不会经常接触外国文化的事实。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“WriterDouglasHofstadterhasarguedthatsomethingmeaningfulwilldisappearwhenpeoplemunicatethroughmachines.Hedescribesgivingadisconnected,difficultspeechinChinese,whichrequiredalotofworkbutofferedasenseofachievementattheend.Whowouldboastof(吹嘘)takingahelicoptertothetopofMountEverest(珠穆朗玛峰)?(作家DouglasHofstadter认为，当人们通过机器进行交流时，一些有意义的东西将消失。他描述了用中文做一个断断续续、困难的演讲，这需要大量的工作，但最后会有一种成就感。谁会夸耀自己曾乘坐直升机登上珠穆朗玛峰？)”可知，根据DouglasHofstadter的观点，没有技术帮助的谈话是值得的。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“WhileAItranslationseemspractical,wemustrecognizethesocialnatureoflanguage.WhentryingtoaskdirectionsinbrokenJapaneseormakeajokeinawkwardGerman,youaremakingdirectcontactwithsomeone.Thebestrelationshipsdonotrequireathirdparty.(虽然人工智能翻译看起来很实用，但我们必须认识到语言的社会性质。当你试图用蹩脚的日语问路或用笨拙的德语讲笑话时，你是在与某人直接接触。最好的关系不需要第三者)”可知，语言的社会本质是与人直接联系。故选A。CSkillofcopyingandmovingimagesontopaperisanartformshininginhistory,ZhaoXureports.Rubbing,thetracing(描摹)ofcharactersontoapieceofpaper,reacheditsgoldenageduringtheSongDynasty(9601279).Todothis,athinpieceofpaperwasplacedoverthesurfaceofthestonetablet(石板)carvedwithcharacters.Thenwater,orlater,ink,wasappliedsmoothlytothebackofthepaperwithjusttherightamountofpressure,tosoftenthepaperandallowforatotalmovingofthedetailsontoit.Thepaperwaslefttodryandthenbeliftedoffthestonesurface,carryingwithitacopyoftheoriginal(原作).RepeatedhundredsofthousandsoftimesduringtheSongera,thishandsonskillenablededucatedmembersofSongsocietytohaveachancetolearnfrommastercalligraphicworkseitherfromtheirowntimesorfromearlierdynasties.Oftentimes,theoriginalcalligraphy,orevenitsstoneversion,becamelostovertime,thusmakingtherubbingstheonlysurvivingcopyofthemasterworksthathadonceexisted.Inthatsense,theSongrubbings,andthosebehindthem;havehelpedtopreserveaculturalrelicmuchvaluedthenandnow.Now,artlovershavethechancetovisititatanexhibition(展览)heldatBeijing’sPalaceMuseumthemedtheSongrubbings.Ofthe40piecesonshow,20aredrawnfromthecollectionofthePalaceMuseum,whichholdsatotalof150Songrubbings.TheotherhalfarelentforthefirsttimebytheArtMuseumoftheChineseUniversityofHongKong(CUHK),whosecollectionofrubbingsweredonatedbyJ.S.Lee.“Whatwehavehereisnotjustashowcaseofthebeautyofinkandpapertheartofcalligraphy,carvingandrubbing,butalsothetellingofstoriesshininginculturalprideandmonspirit,”saidWangXudong,directorofthePalaceMuseum.11.Whatdoweknowaboutrubbing?A.Therewerefivestepstomakearubbing. B.Itmovedcharactersfrompapertoastone.C.ItwaswelldevelopedintheSongDynasty. D.Pressurewasappliedtothepapertosmoothit.12.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thedevelopmentofrubbing. B.Theimportanceofrubbing.C.Theprocessofrubbing. D.Thelossofrubbing.13.Whatdoesparagraph4suggest?A.Altogetherthereare150rubbingsonshow.B.TwentyoftherubbingsweredonatedbyCUHK.C.Sourcesoftheexhibitsarefromtwoorganizations.D.190SongrubbingsarehousedinthePalaceMuseumnow.14.HowdoesWangXudongfeelabouttheexhibition?A.Proud. B.Shocked. C.Thankful. D.Worried.15.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Aresearchpaper. B.Abrochure.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Asectionofanewspaper.【答案】11.C12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拓印技术，说明了这种技术的历史以及重要性等知识。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Rubbing,thetracing(描摹)ofcharactersontoapieceofpaper,reacheditsgoldenageduringtheSongDynasty(9601279).(拓印，即在纸上描画文字，在宋朝（9601279）达到了鼎盛时期。)”可知，拓印在宋代得到了很好的发展。故选C。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“RepeatedhundredsofthousandsoftimesduringtheSongera,thishandsonskillenablededucatedmembersofSongsocietytohaveachancetolearnfrommastercalligraphicworkseitherfromtheirowntimesorfromearlierdynasties.Oftentimes,theoriginalcalligraphy,orevenitsstoneversion,becamelostovertime,thusmakingtherubbingstheonlysurvivingcopyofthemasterworksthathadonceexisted.Inthatsense,theSongrubbings,andthosebehindthem;havehelpedtopreserveaculturalrelicmuchvaluedthenandnow.(在宋朝，这种实践技能重复了数十万次，使宋朝社会受过教育的成员有机会学习自己时代或早期朝代的书法大师作品。通常情况下，原始的书法，甚至它的石头版本，随着时间的推移而丢失，因此，这些拓片是曾经存在的大师作品的唯一幸存的副本。从这个意义上说，宋朝拓片及其背后的拓片；帮助保护了一件当时和现在都很有价值的文物。)”可知，第三段的主要内容是拓印的重要性。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Ofthe40piecesonshow,20aredrawnfromthecollectionofthePalaceMuseum,whichholdsatotalof150Songrubbings.TheotherhalfarelentforthefirsttimebytheArtMuseumoftheChineseUniversityofHongKong(CUHK),whosecollectionofrubbingsweredonatedbyJ.S.Lee.(在展出的40件作品中，有20件来自故宫博物院的藏品，故宫博物院共收藏了150件宋朝拓片。另一半则由香港中文大学艺术馆首次出借，该馆的拓片收藏是由J.S.Lee捐赠的。)”可推知，第4段暗示了展品的来源来自两个组织。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Whatwehavehereisnotjustashowcaseofthebeautyofinkandpaper,theartofcalligraphy,carvingandrubbing,butalsothetellingofstoriesshininginculturalprideandmonspirit,”saidWangXudong,directorofthePalaceMuseum.(故宫博物院院长王旭东表示：“我们在这里不仅展示了水墨之美、书法、雕刻和拓印艺术，还讲述了文化自豪感和共同精神的故事。”)”可推知，王旭东对这次展览感到骄傲。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Skillofcopyingandmovingimagesontopaperisanartformshininginhistory,ZhaoXureports.Rubbing,thetracing(描摹)ofcharactersontoapieceofpaper,reacheditsgoldenageduringtheSongDynasty(9601279).(赵旭报道，将图像复制并移动到纸上的技术是一种历史上闪耀的艺术形式。拓印，即在纸上描画文字，在宋朝（9601279）达到了鼎盛时期。)”结合文章主要介绍了拓印技术，说明了这种技术的历史以及重要性等知识。可推知，文章可能选自报纸的部分内容。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Weallwanttokeepfitandstayhealthy,butafewthingsmaypreventit:laziness,abusyschedule,andmaybeevenalimitedspend.___16___.Youcanevenmakeabitofmoneyonafewoftheseactivities.Babysit.Ifyouhaveyourownkids,you’llprobablyagreethatlookingafterkidscanhelpkeepyoufit.Ifyoudon’t,youcanexperiencethewonderfulworldoftoddlerhoodbyvolunteeringorsigningupforababysittingjob.Thebestagestobabysitarethosetoddleryears(2through5).Why?___17___.Careforyouryard.___18___.Workonyouryardallyearlongandyou’llhavemorethanyourheartgoing—bestexerciseofallistopushthatlawnmower(除草机)aroundespeciallyifyouhavealargelawn.Orevenbetter,putinyourownwastewatersystem.Allthatdiggingshouldbegreatforupperbodystrengthandpatience.___19___.Haveyoucheckedyourstoreroom,basementandkitchenlately?Well,movingsmallitemsfromtheirstorageareasandturningthemintoboxesforsale,donationpickupsorjustfurtherstoragewillgetyourbloodexciting.Evenjustpushingaroundadustcleaner,orsweepingyourgaragefloorshouldoilyourjoints(关节).Usesomeoneelse’ssportsorexerciseequipment(设备).Haveyoucheckedunderyourbedlately?Allaroundthenation,thereisafloodofunusedexerciseequipmentsittingaroundingaragesandhidinginspareroomsandbasements.___20___—ifnotatyourownhome,theycouldbesittingsomewhereinafriend’sorrelative’shome,sadlyunused.Itmaybeagoodideatoreusethem.A.BeyourowngardenerB.VolunteerorgetactiveworkC.CleanoutororganizeyourhouseD.Actuallytherearesomefreewaystomoveyourbody!E.Youcouldhavethesethingsrightunderyourverynose.F.Itdoesn’treallytakemuchtogetyourselfintobettershape.G.Inthatcase,youhavetocarry,lift,runandfollowthemaroundallday.【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.C20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些经济实惠锻炼身体的方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Weallwanttokeepfitandstayhealthy,butafewthingsmaypreventit:laziness,abusyschedule,andmaybeevenalimitedspend.(我们都想保持健康，但有些事情可能会阻止它：懒惰，繁忙的日程，甚至可能是有限的消费)”以及后文“Youcanevenmakeabitofmoneyonafewoftheseactivities.(你甚至可以在其中的一些活动中赚到一些钱)”可知，上文提到了有限消费阻止我们保持健康，后文则提到了从中赚钱，由此可知，本句是在说明有一些经济实惠的运动方法。故D选项“其实有一些免费的方式来运动你的身体！”符合语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据上文“Ifyouhaveyourownkids,you’llprobablyagreethatlookingafterkidscanhelpkeepyoufit.Ifyoudon’t,youcanexperiencethewonderfulworldoftoddlerhoodbyvolunteeringorsigningupforababysittingjob.Thebestagestobabysitarethosetoddleryears(2through5).Why?(如果你有自己的孩子，你可能会同意照顾孩子可以帮助你保持健康。如果你没有，你可以通过志愿或报名做保姆的工作来体验幼儿时代的美好世界。照顾孩子的最佳年龄是蹒跚学步的时候（2到5岁）。为什么？)”可知，上文提到了通过照顾孩子来锻炼，且设问了why，故本句回答上文“为什么？”，说明了照顾孩子是如何锻炼的。故G选项“在这种情况下，你必须整天拿、提、跑、跟着他们”符合语境，故选G。【18题详解】根据后文“Workonyouryardallyearlongandyou’llhavemorethanyourheartgoing—bestexerciseofallistopushthatlawnmower(除草机)aroundespeciallyifyouhavealargelawn.Orevenbetter,putinyourownwastewatersystem.Allthatdiggingshouldbegreatforupperbodystrengthandpatience.(在你的院子里工作一整年，你会有更多的心脏——最好的锻炼是推割草机，特别是如果你有一个大草坪。或者更好的是，安装你自己的废水系统。所有的挖掘都应该对上半身的力量和耐心有很大的帮助)”可知，本段的建议是通过照顾院子来进行锻炼，即从事园艺活动锻炼。故A选项“做你自己的园丁”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据本段内容“Haveyoucheckedyourstoreroom,basementandkitchenlately?Well,movingsmallitemsfromtheirstorageareasandturningthemintoboxesforsale,donationpickupsorjustfurtherstoragewillgetyourbloodexciting.Evenjustpushingaroundadustcleaner,orsweepingyourgaragefloorshouldoilyourjoints(关节).(你最近检查过你的储藏室、地下室和厨房吗？嗯，把小物件从储藏区搬出来，把它们变成盒子出售，捐赠拾取或只是进一步储存会让你的血液兴奋起来。即使只是推着吸尘器，或者扫地车库地板，也应该给关节抹油)”提到了检查过你的储藏室、地下室和厨房、把小物件从储藏区搬出来、推着吸尘器，或者扫地车库地板，这些都是打扫房屋的举动。由此可知，此处是建议通过打扫或整理房子进行锻炼。故C选项“打扫或整理你的房子”符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Allaroundthenation,thereisafloodofunusedexerciseequipmentsittingaroundingaragesandhidinginspareroomsandbasements.(在全国各地，有大量闲置的健身器材堆放在车库里，或者藏在空房间和地下室里)”以及后文“ifnotatyourownhome,theycouldbesittingsomewhereinafriend’sorrelative’shome,sadlyunused(如果不是在你自己家里，它们可能坐在朋友或亲戚家里的某个地方，遗憾的是没有使用过)”可知，前后文表明健身器材就在我们周围，等待我们去发现。故E选项“这些东西就在你眼皮底下”符合语境，故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IamoftenaskedhowIlearnedtospeakChinesefluently.___21___,asanativeEnglishspeaker,learningtospeakintoneswasthe___22___partaboutlearningChineseforme.To___23___thetones,IlivedinShanghaifor6months.OnceIwantedtobuya___24___formymother.Unluckily,thewordsfor“horse”and“mother”areonlydifferentiatedbya___25___tone.WhenItoldthestoreclerkIwantedtobuyagiftformy“horse”,shelookedatmelikeIhadlostmy___26___.Intheend,she___27___whatIwastryingtosay,butitwasabitofastruggle.Afterthat,Ilearnedthe___28___betweenthetwotones.AfterreturningtoEngland,Iboughtawebcameraandfoundmyselfalanguage___29___bygoingtoichinese,whereImetanativespeakerwillingtohelpmelearnChinese.Together,we___30___speakingChineseforafewhoursperweek.___31___,Inotonlymasteredmytonesbutlearnedtospeakmore___32___,justlikeanativespeaker.Inmy___33___,whenstudyingChineseinanEnglishspeakingenvironment,myclassmatesandIoftenmadea___34___ofthetoneswhenspeakingtooneanother.Infact,inaChinesespeakingenvironment,the___35___interactionisofgreatimportanceforfluency,anditseparatestheamateurs(业余爱好者)fromtheexperts.21.A.Hopefully B.Actually C.Surprisingly D.Similarly22.A.main B.best C.basic D.hardest23.A.learn B.match C.lower D.record24.A.horse B.camera C.gift D.dictionary25.A.soft B.formal C.single D.pleasant26.A.mind B.balance C.interest D.confidence27.A.agreedwith B.workedout C.focusedon D.broughtup28.A.clue B.difference C.issue D.importance29.A.test B.learner C.magazine D.partner30.A.suggested B.considered C.practiced D.avoided31.AAsarule B.Attimes C.Asaresult D.Atfirst32.A.fluently B.openly C.meaningfully D.slowly33.A.heart B.dream C.power D.experience34.A.list B.mess C.habit D.collection35.A.backtoback B.eyetoeye C.kneetoknee D.facetoface【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.C26.A27.B28.B29.D30.C31.C32.A33.D34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学习中文的经历，作者认为学习中文最难的部分是区分音调，为此还发生了一个小误会。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，作为一个以英语为母语的人，对我来说学习汉语最难的部分是学会说话的声调。A.Hopefully有希望地；B.Actually实际上；C.Surprisingly惊人地；D.Similarly类似地。根据上文“IamoftenaskedhowIlearnedtospeakChinesefluently.”以及后文“aboutlearningChineseforme”可知，作者虽然如今汉语说得很流利了，但是实际上也遇到过困难。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，作为一个以英语为母语的人，对我来说学习汉语最难的部分是学会说话的声调。A.main主要的；B.best最好的；C.basic基本的；D.hardest最难的。根据后文“partaboutlearningChineseforme”以及作者去商店买礼物，因为音调不同导致了误解，可知作者学习汉语最难的部分是学会说话的声调。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了学习这些声调，我在上海住了6个月。A.learn学习；B.match匹配；C.lower降低；D.record记录。根据后文“thetones,IlivedinShanghaifor6months”可知，作者去上海是为了学习声调。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我想给妈妈买一件礼物。A.horse马；B.camera照相机；C.gift礼物；D.dictionary字典。根据后文“Iwantedtobuyagiftformy“horse””可知，作者想要母亲买礼物。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，“马”和“妈”这两个词只有一个音调的区别。A.soft柔软的；B.formal正式的；C.single单个的；D.pleasant愉快的。根据上文““horse”and“mother””以及常识，这两个词只有一个音调的区别。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉店员我想给我的“马”买礼物时，她看着我，好像我疯了一样。A.mind思维；B.balance平衡；C.interest兴趣；D.confidence自信。根据上文“Iwantedtobuyagiftformy“horse””可知，店员听到作者要给“马”买礼物，以为作者疯了，此处为短语loseone’smind表示“失去理智”。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最后，她明白了我想说的话，但这有点困难。A.agreedwith同意；B.workedout理解，想出；C.focusedon集中；D.broughtup抚养。根据后文“whatIwastryingtosay,butitwasabitofastruggle”可知，店员最后理解了作者的话，故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我学会了这两种音调的区别。A.clue线索；B.difference不同，区别；C.issue问题；D.importance重要性。根据上文““horse”and“mother”areonlydifferentiatedbya”可知，经过这件事，作者学会了这两种音调的区别。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：回到英国后，我买了一个网络摄像头，并在icchinese上找到了一个语言伙伴，在那里我遇到了一个愿意帮助我学习汉语的母语人士。A.test测试；B.learner学习者；C.magazine杂志；D.partner伙伴。根据后文“whereImetanativespeakerwillingtohelpmelearnChinese”指作者在网上找到了一个语言伙伴，故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们每周一起练习说几个小时的中文。A.suggested建议；B.considered考虑；C.practiced练习；D.avoided避免。根据上文“whereImetanativespeakerwillingtohelpmelearnChinese”可知，找语言伙伴的目的就是练习中文，他们每周一起练习说几个小时的中文。故选C。【31题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：结果，我不仅掌握了我的音调，而且学会了更流利地说话，就像一个母语人士一样。A.Asarule通常；B.Attimes有时候；C.Asaresult因此，结果；D.Atfirst首先。上文提到他们每周一起练习说几个小时的中文，结果就是作者的中文说得流利起来。故选C。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果，我不仅掌握了我的音调，而且学会了更流利地说话，就像一个母语人士一样。A.fluently流利地；B.openly公开地；C.meaningfully有意义地；D.slowly缓慢地。根据后文“justlikeanativespeaker”可知，作者的中文说得流利了，像一个母语人士一样。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据我的经验，当我在一个说英语的环境中学习中文时，我和我的同学在彼此说话时经常弄混音调。A.heart心；B.dream梦想；C.power力量；D.experience经验。后文提到“当我在一个说英语的环境中学习中文时，我和我的同学在彼此说话时经常弄混音调”，这是作者学习中文以后得出的经验之谈。故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据我的经验，当我在一个说英语的环境中学习中文时，我和我的同学在彼此说话时经常弄混音调。A.list清单；B.mess混乱；C.habit习惯；D.collection收集。根据上文“inanEnglishspeakingenvironment”可知，在一个说英语的环境中学习中文，因为大家的母语都是英语，所以作者和同学在彼此说话时经常弄混音调。故选B。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在说中文的环境中，面对面的交流对流利来说是非常重要的，它把业余爱好者和专家区分开来。A.backtoback背靠背的；B.eyetoeye对视的；C.kneetoknee跪坐的；D.facetoface面对面的。根据上文“inaChinesespeakingenvironment”可知，在说中文的环境中，都是说中文的人，因此是面对面的交流，对比上文提到的说英语的环境中学习中文，身边都是说英语的人。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Naturaldisastersareoneofthemajor___36___(problem)facingtheworldtoday,seriouslyaffectingeconomicdevelopmentandthreateningthe___37___(survive)ofmankind.2023hasbrokentemperaturerecords___38___seenrecorddroughts,wildfiresandfloodsaroundtheworld.Beijingexperiencedtheheaviestrainfallin140years,causingwidespreadflooding.Heatwaves___39___(sweep)acrossEuropeandforestfireseruptedinNorthAmerica.Expertswarnthatpoverty(贫困)andinequalityareworseningthesedisasters.Peopleinthepoorestareasareoften___40___greatestriskfromextremeweather.Theymayliveinplaces___41___aremorelikelytobeharmedbyfloodinganddrought.Theyhave___42___(few)resourcestodealwithdamageandtorecoverfromit.Asaresult,the