银行系统招聘考试（英语）模拟试卷41

银行系统招聘考试（英语）模拟试卷41一、阅读理解(本题共30题，每题1.0分，共30分。)Passage1Priortothe20thcentury，manylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakerssurvivedforcenturies．Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolation，akeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation．Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead．Manypowerfulforcesappeartoworkagainstit：populationgrowth，whichpushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworld’slastisolatedlocations；masstourism；globaltelecommunicationsandmassmedia；andthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations．Alloftheseforcesappeartosignifyafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertising，popularculture，andconsumerproductsbecomesimilar．AlreadyEnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemergedasgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication．Formanyoftheworld’speoples，learningoneoftheselanguagesisviewedasthekeytoeducation，economicopportunity，andabetterwayoflife．Onlyabout3，000languagesnowinuseareexpectedtosurvivethecomingcentury．Aremostoftherestdoomedinthecenturyafterthat?Whethermostoftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablydependonhowstronglyculturalgroupswishtokeeptheiridentityalivethroughanativelanguage．Todosowillrequireanemphasisonbilingualism(masteryoftwolanguages)．Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheres--athome，amongfriends，incommunitysettings——andagloballanguageatwork，indealingswithgovernment，andincommercialspheres．Inthisway，manysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguages，ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizingforcesofglobalization．Ironically，thetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedminoritylanguagescouldalsohelpsavethem．Forexample，someexpelspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagesspeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues．Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer—aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages．Formanyendangeredlanguages，thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin．Languageisremarkablyresilient，however，Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating，butalsoapowerfulwayofseparatingdifferentgroups，orofdemonstratinggroupidentity．Manyindigenouscommunitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage．1、Minoritylanguagescanbebestpreservedin________．A、anincreasinglyinterconnectedworldB、maintainingsmallnumbersofspeakersC、relativelyisolatedlanguagecommunitiesD、followingthetraditionofthe20thcentury标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。信号词：Minoritylanguages，bestpreserved。小语种能被最佳保存于：A项相互联系日益密切的世界，B项保持很少数量的使用者，C项相对孤立的语言社区，D项秉承20世纪的传统。根据题目关键词“Minoritylanguages”定位于第一段最后一句话“Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolation，akeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation．”，C项是原文重现。2、AccordingtoParagraph2，thattheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticdiversityinthefutureis________．A、uncertainB、unrealisticC、foreseeableD、definite标准答案：A知识点解析：细节推理题。信号词：Paragraph2，maintain，linguisticdiversity。根据第二段，将来世界能够维系语言多样性是：A项不确定的，B项不现实的，C项小可预见的，D项确定的。此题是推断题，根据第二段第一句话Itremainstobeseenwhether…可知选A项uncertain，不确定的。3、Accordingtotheauthor，bilingualismcanhelp________．A、smalllanguagesbecomeacceptableinworkplacesB、homogenizetheworld’slanguagesandculturesC、globallanguagesreachhomeandcommunitysettingsD、speakersmaintaintheirlinguisticandculturalidentity标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。信号词：accordingtotheauthor，bilingualism。根据作者所说，双语能够帮助：A项小语种在工作场合被接受，B项同化世界语言和文化，C项通用语言进入家庭和社区，D项讲话者维系他们语言和文化的特征。根据关键词“bilingualism”定位于第四段，D项是第四段“lnthisway，manysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguages”的原文重现。4、Computertechnologyishelpfulforpreservingminoritylanguagesinthatit________．A、makeslearningagloballanguageunnecessaryB、facilitatesthelearningandusingofthoselanguagesC、raisespublicawarenessofsavingthoselanguagesD、makesiteasierforlinguiststostudythoselanguages标准答案：B知识点解析：推理题。信号词：Computertechnology，helpful，inthat。电脑技术有助于维系小语种因为它：A项使学习通用语言不必要，B项使学习和使用这些语言更容易，C项提高公众挽救这些语言的意识，D项使语言学家学习这些语言更容易。B项和D项含义相近，根据第五段所举的例子“Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer-aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages．”可证明电脑技术使学习和使用这些语言更容易。5、Intheauthor’sview，manyendangeredlanguagesare________．A、remarkablywell—keptinthismodemworldB、exceptionallypowerfultoolsofcommunicationC、quitepossibletoberevivedinsteadofdyingoutD、anuniquewayofbringingdifferentgroupstogether标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。信号词：author’sview，endangeredlanguages。根据作者的观点，许多即将消失的语言：A项被完好地保存于现代世界，B项是非常强大的交际丁具，C项很有可能复活而不是消亡，D项是将不同的群体集合到一起的独特方法。根据关键词“endangeredlanguages”定位于最后一段的“Languageisremarkablyresilient．语言是很有活力的”，以及结尾“haveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage在现代社会通过语言保存他们独特的文化是完全有可能的”。C项揭示了作者的态度。Passage2Everyone，itseems，hasahealthproblem．AfterpoutingbillionsintotheNationalHealthService，Britishpeoplemoanaboutdirtyhospitals，longwaitsandwastedmoney．InGermanythenewchancellor，AngelaMerkel，isunderfireforsuggestingchangingthefinancingofitshealthsystem．Canada’snewConservativePrimeMinister，StephenHarper，madeabigfussduringtheelectionaboutreducingthecountry’slengthymedicalqueues．Acrosstherichworld，affluence，ageingandadvancingtechnologyaredrivinguphealthspendingfasterthanincome．ButnowherehasabiggerhealthproblemthanAmerica．Soaringmedicalbillsaresqueezingwages，swellingtheranksoftheuninsuredandpushinghugefirmsandperhapseventhegovernmenttowardsbankruptcy．Ford’sannouncementthisweekthatitwouldcutupto30，000jobsby2012wasasmuchasignofits“legacy”health—carecostsasoftheillsofthecarindustry．Pushedbypollsthatshowhealthcareisoneofhismaindomesticproblemsandbyforecastsshowingthattheretiringbaby-boomerwillcrushthegovernment’sfinances，GeorgeBushisexpectedtounveilareformplaninnextweek’sstate-of-the-unionaddress．America’shealthsystemisunlikeanyother．TheUnitedStatesspends16％ofitsGDPonhealth，aroundtwicetherich-countryaverage，equivalentto$6．280foreveryAmericaneachyear．Yetitistheonlyrichcountrythatdoesnotguaranteeuniversalhealthcoverage．Thankstoanaccidentofhistory，mostAmericansreceivehealthinsurancethroughtheiremployer，withthegovernmentpickingupthebillforthepoorandtheelderly．Thiscurioushybridcertainlyhasitsstrengths．Americanshavemorechoicesthananybodyelse，andtheirhealth—caresystemismuchmoreinnovative．Europeans’billscouldbemuchhigherifAmericanmedicinewerenotdoingmuchoftheirresearchanddevelopment(R&D)forthem．Buttherearealsohugeweaknesses．Theonemostoftencited—especiallybyforeigners—isthearmyofuninsured．Some46millionAmericansdonothavecover．Inmanycasesthatisoutofchoiceand，iftheyfallseriouslyill，hospitalshavetotreatthem．Butitisstilldeeplyunequal．Andtherearealsoshockinginefficiencies：bysomemeasures，30％ofAmericanhealthspendingiswasted．Thenthereisthequestionofstatesupport．ManyAmericansdisapproveofthe“socializedmedicine”ofCanadaandEurope．Infact，evenifmuchoftheadministrationisdoneprivately，around60％ofAmerica’shealth—carebillendsupbeingmetbythegovernment．Proportionately，theAmericanstatealreadyspendsasmuchonhealthastheOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment)average，andthatshareissettogrowasthebaby—boomersFURuptheirmedicarebillsandevermoreemployersavoidprovidinghealth—carecoverage．Americais，ineffect，headingtowardsaversionofsocializedmedicinebydefault．6、HealthproblemsmentionedinthepassageincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________．A、poorhospitalconditionsinU．K．B、AngelaMerkelunderattackC、healthfinancinginGermanyD、longwaitinglinesinCanada标准答案：B知识点解析：推理题。信号词：mentioned，includeall，EXCEPT。文中提到的医疗问题不包括下面哪一项：A项英国糟糕的医院条件，B项AngelaMerkel受到指责，C项德国医疗经费的筹措，D项加拿大排长队。A、C、D项在第一段均有提及，B项是政治人物的问题，不符合题目要求。7、Ford’sannouncementofcuttingupto30，000jobsby2012indicatesthatFord________．A、hasthebiggesthealthproblemofthecarindustryB、hasmadeprofitsfromitshealth—carelegacyC、hasaccumulatedtooheavyahealth—careburdenD、owesagreatdealofdebttoitsemployees标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。信号词：Ford，30，000jobs，2012。福特宣布到2012年前减少30000个职位。A项在汽车行业中医疗问题最严重，B项从其遗留的医疗问题中获益，C项累积了太沉重的医疗负担，D项欠雇员很多债。根据题目中的关键词“30，000”“2012”定位于第二段的“Ford’sannouncementthisweekthatitwouldcutupto30，000jobsby2012wasasmuchasignofit’s‘legacy’health-carecostsasoftheillsofthecarindustry”，C项与其含义相同。8、Intheauthor’sopinion，America’shealthsystemis________．A、inefficientB、feasibleC、unpopularD、successful标准答案：A知识点解析：推理题。信号词：author’sopinion。根据作者的观点，美国的医疗体系：A项效率低，B项灵活，C项不受欢迎，D项成功。根据题目关键词“America’shealthsystem”定位于第三、第四段，第四段最后一句话“Andtherearealsoshockinginefficiencies：bysomemeasures，30％ofAmericanhealthspendingiswasted”可知美国医疗体系效率很低，A项与其含义相同。9、Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________．A、America’shealthsystemhasitsstrengthsandweaknessesB、theU．S．governmentpaysmedicalbillsforthepoorandtheelderlyC、some46millionAmericansdonothavemedicalinsuranceD、EuropeansbenefitalotfromAmerica’smedicalresearch标准答案：D知识点解析：推理题。信号词：implied。文中暗示：A项美国的医疗体系存在优点和缺点，B项美国政府为穷人和老人支付医疗费，C项大约四千六百万的美国人没有医疗保险，D项欧洲人从美国的医疗研究中获益匪浅。根据各个选项的关键词迅速在原文中定位，A、B、C三项都是文中明确说明的，D项需要通过“Europeans’billscouldbemuchhigherifAmericanmedicinewerenotdoingmuchoftheirResearchandDevelopment(R&D)forthem”推出。10、Fromthelastparagraphwemaylearnthatthe“socializedmedicine”is________．A、apracticeofCanadaandEuropeB、apolicyadoptedbytheU．S．governmentC、intendedfortheretiringbaby—boomersD、administeredbyprivateenterprises标准答案：A知识点解析：词语理解题。信号词：lastparagraph，socializedmedicine。从最后一段我们了解到“社会化医疗”是：A项加拿大和欧洲的举措。B项被美国采纳的一项政策，C项为生育高峰期出生的人们退休之用，D项由私营企业执行的。根据题目关键词“socializedmedicine”定位于“ManyAmericandisapproveofthe‘socializedmedicine’ofCanadaandEurope”，根据前后句可推知句意，借助句意知道“socializedmedicine”的含义是加拿大和欧洲的举措。Passage3WhenThomasKeller，oneofAmerica’sforemostchefs，announcedthatonSept．1hewouldabolishthepracticeoftippingatPerSe，hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCity，andreplaceitwithaEuropean—styleservicecharge，Iknewthreegroupswouldbeopposed：customers，serversandrestaurantowners．Thesethreegroupsareallcommittedtotipping—astheyquicklymadeclearonWebsites．Toopposetipping，itseems，istobeanti-capitalist，andmaybeevenalittleFrench．ButMr．Kellerisrighttomoveawayfromtipping—andit’sworthexploringwhyjustabouteveryoneelseintherestaurantworldiswrongtostickwiththepractice．Customersbelieveintippingbecausetheythinkitmakeseconomicsense．“Waitersknowthattheywon’tgetpaidiftheydon’tdoagoodjob”ishowmostadvocatesofthesystemwouldputit．Tobesure，thisisatempting，apparentlyrationalstatementabouteconomictheory，butitappearstohavelittleapplicabilitytotherealworldofrestaurants．MichaelLynn，anassociateprofessorofconsumerbehaviorandmarketingatCornell’sSchoolofHotelAdministration，hasconducteddozensofstudiesoftippingandhasconcludedthatconsumers’assessmentsofthequalityofservicecorrelateweaklytotheamounttheytip．Rather，customersarelikelytotipmoreinresponsetoserverstouchingthemlightlyandleaningforwardnexttothetabletomakeconversationthantohowoftentheirwaterglassisrefilled--inotherwords，customerstipmorewhentheyliketheserver，notwhentheserviceisgood．Mr．Lynn’sstudiesalsoindicatethatmalecustomersincreasetheirtipsforfemaleserverswhilefemalecustomersincreasetheirtipsformaleservers．What'smore，consumersseemtoforgetthatthetipincreasesasthebillincreases．Thus，thetippingsystemisanopeninvitationtowhatrestaurantprofessionalscall“upwelling”：everybottleofimportedwater，everyespressoandeverycocktailisextramoneyintheserver’spocket．Aggressiveupwellingfortipsisoftenrewardedwhilelow—key，qualityserviceoftengoesunrecognized．Inaddition，thepracticeoftippooling，whichisthenorminfine—diningrestaurantsandisbecomingmorecommonineverykindofrestaurantabovethelevelofagreasyspoon，hasruinedwhatevereffectvotingwithyourtipmighthavehadonanindividualwaiter．Inanunreasonableoutcome，youarepunishingthegoodwaitersintherestaurantbynottippingthebadone．Indeed，thereappearstobelittleconnectionbetweentippingandgoodservice．11、ItmaybeinferredthataEuropean-styleservice________．A、istipping—freeB、chargeslittletipC、istheauthor’sinitiativeD、isofferedatPerSe标准答案：A知识点解析：细节推理题。信号词：inferred，European-style。可以推断欧洲式的服务：A项不付小费的，B项几乎不收小费，C项是作者发起的，D项由PerSe提供。A项和B项含义相近，根据“hewouldabolishthepracticeoftippingatPerSe，hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCity，andreplaceitwithEuropean-styleservicecharge”，replace表明与付小费制度相反。12、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?A、Tippingisacommonpracticeintherestaurantworld．B、Waitersdon’tcalveabouttipping．C、Customersgenerallybelieveintipping．D、Tippinghaslittleconnectionwiththequalityofservice．标准答案：B知识点解析：推理题。信号词：NOTtrue，accordingtotheauthor。根据作者的观点，下面哪个不真实：A项在餐饮业付小费是普遍的做法，B项侍者不在乎小费，C项顾客通常笃信付小费，D项付小费与服务的质量关系甚微。根据各个选项的关键词迅速在原文中定位，A、C、D三项都是文中明确说明的。13、AccordingtoMichaelLynn’sstudies，waiterswilllikelygetmoretipsifthey________．A、haveperformedgoodserviceB、frequentlyrefillcustomers’waterglassC、wincustomers’favorD、servecustomersofthesamesex标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。信号词：MichaelLynn，moretips。根据MichaelLynn的研究，侍者可能得到更多的小费如果他们：A项提供优质服务，B项经常斟满顾客的水杯，C项讨顾客喜欢，D项为同性顾客服务。根据关键词“moretips”定位于“customerstipthemorewhentheyliketheserver，notwhentheserviceisgood”．C项和原文含义相同，是正确答案。14、Wemayinferfromthecontextthat“upwelling”(Para．6)probablymeans________．A、sellingsomethingupB、sellingsomethingfancyC、sellingsomethingunnecessaryD、sellingsomethingmoreexpensive标准答案：D知识点解析：词语理解题。信号词：upwelling，Para．6。我们可以从上下文推断“upwelling”的意思可能是：A项卖完，B项出售奇特的东西，C项出售多余的东西，D项以更昂贵的价格出售菜物。根据前句“what’smore，consumersseemtoforgetthatthetipincreasesasthebillincreases”和冒号后面对“upselling”的解释“everybottleofimportedwater，everyespressoandeverycocktailisextramoneyintheserver’spocket”可推得正确答案。15、Thispassageismainlyabout________．A、reasonstoabolishthepracticeoftippingB、economicsenseoftippingC、consumers’attitudestowardstippingD、tippingforgoodservice标准答案：A知识点解析：主旨题。信号词：mainlyabout。此文主要讲述：A项废除付小费行为的原因，B项付小费的经济意义，C项消费者对付小费的态度，D项为优质服务付小费。此题是主旨题，通读首、尾段的首、尾句后可知本文主要讲述废除付小费行为的原因。Passage4Thehornshavesoundedandthehoundsarebaying．Acrossthedevelopedworldthehuntformoretaxesfromthewealthyison．RecentausteritybudgetsinFranceandItalyslapped3％surchargesonthosewithincomesabove500，000($680，000)and300，000respectively．NowBarackObamahasproducedanewdeficit—reductionplanthataimsitstaxincreasessquarelyattherich．includinga“Buffettrule”toensurethatnohouseholdmakingmorethan$lmayearpaysaloweraveragetaxratethan“middle—class”familiesdo．TappingtherichtoClosethedeficitis“notclasswarfare”．arguesMr．Obama．“It’smath．”Actually，it’snotsimplymath．Thequestionofwhethertotaxthewealthymoredependsonpoliticaljudgmentsabouttherightsizeofthestateandtheappropriateroleforredistribution．Themathsaysdeficitscouldtechnicallybetamedbyspendingcutsalone—asMr．Obama’sRepublicanopponentsadvocate．Classwarfaremaybealoadedterm，butitcapturesafundamentaldebateinWesternsocieties：whoshouldsufferforrightingpublicfinances?Therearethreegoodreasonswhythewealthyshouldpaymoretax—thoughnot，byandlarge，inthewaysthattherichworld’sgovernmentscurrentlypropose．First，theWest’sdeficitsshouldnotbeclosedbyspendingcutsalone．Publicspendingshouldcertainlytakethebrunt．Butexperiencealsoarguesthathighertaxesshouldbepartofthemix．InAmericathetaxtakeishistoricallylowafteryears0fratereductions．There，andelsewhere，taxrisesneedtobearsomeoftheburden．Second．thereisapoliticalargumentforraisingthisnewrevenuefromtherich．Spendingcutsfalldisproportionatelyonthelesswell-off；and，evenbeforethecrunch，medianincomeswerestagnating．Meanwhile，globalizationhasbeenrewardingwinnersevermoregenerously．Voters’supportforongoingausteritydependsonadisproportionateshareofanynewrevenuecomingfromthewealthy．Giventherichworld’sneedforfastergrowth，governmentsshouldbewaryofsharptaxincreases—especiallysincetheyareunnecessary．Indeed，thethirdargumentforraisingmoremoneyfromtherichisthatitcanbedonenotbyincreasingmarginaltaxrates，butbymakingthetaxcodemoreefficient．ThescopefordoingsoismostobviousinAmerica，whichreliesfarmorethanothercountriesonincometaxesandhasamassofdeductionsoneverythingfrominterestpaymentsonmortgagestoemployer—providedhealthcare，sotaxesareleviedonaverynarrowbase．Sincethemainbeneficiariesofthedeductionsarethewealthy。richerfolkwouldpaymost0fthat．Andsincemarginalrateswouldbeuntouched(orreduced)，suchareformwoulddolesstodiscouragethemfromcreatingwealth．16、Theword“austerity”(Para．1)mostprobablymeans________．A、unpredictabilityB、shortageC、notorietyD、urgency标准答案：B知识点解析：含义题。根据题干定位到第一段。该词位于第三句中，前一句指出，发达国家开始向富人征收更多的税(thehuntformoretaxesfromthewealthyison)，接着第三、四句举了一些发达国家的例子，即最近法国和意大利实行的预算(RecentausteritybudgetsinFranceandItaly)，向收入超过50万欧元(68万美元)和30万欧元的人分别多征收了3％的税，而奥巴马也制定了向富人加税的新的赤字削减计划(newdeficit-reductionplanthataimsitstaxincreasessquarelyatthelich)。可见，法国和意大利实行的预算同奥巴马实行的赤字削减计划性质相同，都是通过向富人征收更多的税来补贴有限的财政预算，由此可推知，目前的财政预算政策是紧缩的财政政策，可知B项最符合题意，故为答案。17、Itcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthat________．A、huntingformoretaxesfromtherichcanreducetheclassdifferencesB、thelow—incomefamiliesdonotneedtopayincometaxC、Obama’splanisdesignedtonarrowthedeficitbytaxingtherichD、Buffettsetsagoodexamplefortaxpayers标准答案：C知识点解析：推断题。根据题干定位到第一段。第四句提到奥巴马已经制定一个全新的赤字削减计划，将增税的目标明确指向富人(BarackObamahasproducedanewdeficit—reductionplanthataimsitstaxincreasessquarelyattherich)。故可推知，奥巴马的计划旨在削减财政赤字，而且是通过增加对富人的税收来削减赤字，C项为原文内容的同义替换，故正确。18、WhichofthefollowingisthereasonfortaxingmorefromtherichintheU．S．?A、ThetaxrateintheU．S．islowerthanthatinothercountries．B、Therichsufferlittlefromspendingcuts．C、Spendingcutisnotenoughtosettlefinancialproblems．D、Thericharenotinfluencedbytheincreasingmarginaltaxrates．标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词thereasonfortaxingmorefromtherich可定位至文章第三、四段。这两段说明了向富人多征税的三点原因(threegoodreasonswhythewealthyshouldpaymoretax)。其中，第三段第二句指出原因之一：西方国家的赤字不能仅通过削减开销来缩小(theWest’sdeficitsshouldnotbeclosedbyspendingcutsalone)，第三、四句还指出，公共开支理应首当其冲，但经验表明增加税收也应该是众多措施的一部分(highertaxesshouldbepartofthemix)，C项与文意相符，故正确。19、Theauthor’sattitudetowardsAmerica’shighertaxesontherichisoneof________．A、positivenessB、skepticismC、objectivenessD、indifference标准答案：A知识点解析：态度题。本题就作者对向富人征收更多税的态度提问，由于文中并没有文字能直接表明作者的态度，故需分析全文得知。文章前两段首先说明了讨论的主题：发达国家为了削减财政赤字开始向富人征收更多的税。接着第三、四段集中说明了对富人征收更多税的三点原因，这几点原因颇具说服力，表明作者是支持向富人征税的。最后一段首句又提到，在美国，对富人多征税的可能性最明显(thescopefordoingsoismostobviousinAmerica)，接着后文具体解释了原因。由此可知，作者是支持向富人征收更多税的，故A项符合文中作者的态度，故为答案。20、Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?A、U．S．governmentshouldmakespecialtaxrulesfortherich．B、Moretaxesshouldbehuntedforfromtherich．C、Manycountriesneednewtaxpoliciestohandlefinancialproblems．D、Obama’snewplanwillsavethecountry’seconomy．标准答案：B知识点解析：主旨题。文章第一段开门见山地提出了文章的主题：向富人征收更多的税，接着第一段围绕这一主题介绍了发达国家，尤其是美国实施这一措施的情况。第二段承接第一段，继续指出向富人多征税引发了“谁该为平衡公共财政埋单”的争议(Whoshouldsufferforrightingpublicfinances)。接着第三、四段给出了向富人多征税的理由。第五段作者则特别说明了这一做法在美国实施的可能性及其原因。由以上分析可知，本文主要围绕着向富人征税这一问题展开论述，说明了这一措施的目的、原因以及在美国的可行性，B项准确且全面地概括了原文主旨，故正确。Passage5TheUnitedStatesisnot(thankgoodness)aculturallyhomogeneouscountry．Itconsistsofmanydistinctmoralcommunities．Oncertainsocialissues，suchasabortionandhomosexuality，peopledon’tagreeandprobablyneverwill—andthesignalpoliticaladvantageofthefederalistsystemisthattheydon’thaveto．Individualsandgroupswhofindthevaluesorlawsofonestateobnoxioushavethefightto1ivesomewhereelse．ThenationalizationofabortionpolicyintheSupremeCourt’s1973Roev．Wadedecisioncreatedatextbookexampleofwhatcanhappenwhenthisfederalistprincipleisignored．IftheSupremeCourthadnotsteppedin，abortionwouldtodaybelegalinmoststatesbutnotall；pro—liferswouldhavethecomfortofknowingtheycouldliveinastatewhoselawwascompatiblewiththeirviews．InsteadofendlesslyconfrontingaculturalschismthataffectseverySupremeCourtnomination，wewouldseeoccasionallocalflare—upsinstatelegislaturesorcourtrooms．Americaisastrongercountryforthemoraldiversitythatfederalismuniquelyallows．Morallawandfamilvlawgovernthemostintimateand，often，themostcontroversialspheresoflife．Forthesakeofdomestictranquility．domesticlawisbestlefttoalevelofgovernmentthatisclosetohome．Sowellsuitedisthefederalistsystemtothegay—marriageissuethatitmightalmosthavebeensetuptohandleit．Inanewlandwhosecitizensfolloweddifferentreligioustraditions，itwouldhavemadenosensetocentralizemarriageorfamilylaw．AndsomarriagehasbeenthedomainoflocallawnotjustsincethedaysoftheFoundersbutsinceColonialtimes，beforethestateswerestates．Tomyknowledge，thefederalgovernmenthasoverruledthestatesonmarriageonlytwice．ThefirsttimewaswhenitrequiredUtahtobanpolygamyasaconditionforjoiningtheUnion—andnotethatthisrulingwasissuedbeforeUtahbecameastate．Thesecondtimewasin1967，whentheSupremeCourt，inLovingv．Virginia，struckdownsixteenstates’bansoninterracialmarriage·HeretheCourtsaidnotthatmarriageshouldbedefinedbythefederalgovernmentbutonlythatstatescouldnotdefinemarriageinwaysthatviolatedcoreconstitutionalrights．OntheoneoccasionwhenCongressdirectlyaddressedsame—sexmarriage，inthe1996DefenseofMarriageAct，itdecreedthatthefederalgovernmentwouldnotrecognizesame—sexmarriagesbuttookcarenottoimposethatruleonthestates．21、Thepoliticaladvantagesofafederalistsystemisthat________．A、peoplemayhavedifferentopinionsaboutabortionB、controversialopinionsoncertainsocialissuesareallowedC、somestatesaremoreobnoxiousthanothersD、peoplecanmovefromstatetostateiftheylike标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据关键词thepoliticaladvantageofafederalistsystem定位到第一段。第一段提到，对于某些社会问题，人们的意见不统一，而且可能永远不会统一，随后提到联邦体制的政治优势——人们不必持有相同的意见。B项“可以容许人们对某些社会问题持有争论性观点”与此意符合，为正确答案。A项“人们可以对堕胎持有不同的观点”和D项“如果人们愿意，他们可以从一个州辽移到另一个州”只是人们不必持有相同意见的具体表现；C项“某些州比其他州更令人讨厌”是针对该段晟后一句话设置的干扰项，与文意不符。22、WhatweknowaboutabortionlawinAmericanisthat________．A、itisillegalinalloverAmericatohaveanabortionB、theSupremeCourthadnotinterferedinabortionlawC、abortionusedtobealegalpracticeinmoststatesD、abortionisstilllegalinmoststatesinAmericatoday标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据关键词abortion定位到第二段。第二段首先指出最高法院有关堕胎的全国性政策，随后指出，如果最高法院当时没有介入的话，那么现在堕胎在大多数州但不是所有州都是合法的。这说明，堕胎以前在大多数州合法。C项“在大多数州，堕胎以前是合法行为”与此意符合，为正确答案。其他三项均与题意不符。23、Thelocalgovernmentisoftenresponsibleforlocaldomesticlawaffairsbecause________．A、theSupremeCourtdeemsitabigburdenB、thiswayofhandlingdomesticlawsguaranteesabetterstabilityC、localfamiliesresentthedecisionsmadebytheSupremeCourtD、themoraldiversityisstrongeronthelocallevelofgovernment标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据关键词localdomesticlawaffairs定位到第三段。第三段提到道德法规和家庭行为准则，指出为了家庭的稳定，家庭行为准则最好交给离家庭最近的那一级政府掌管。这说明，原因是为了稳定。B项“管理家庭行为准则的这种方式确保了更好的稳定”与此意符合，为正确答案。其他三项都属于无中生有。24、Theauthorseemstothinkthatgaymarriageshouldbe________．A、lefttothedecisionofindividualstategovernmentB、thesoleresponsibilityofthefederalgovernmentC、bannedonboththefederalandtheIocallevelsD、overruledbytheSupremeCourtassoonaspossible标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据关键词gaymarriage定位到最后一段。最后一段提到，在一个公民遵从不同宗教传统的新国家，把婚姻和家庭行为准则集中化毫无道理，所以，婚姻一直是地方法律的管辖领域。这说明，作者认为，同性婚姻应该由地方政府处理。A项“留给当事人所在的州政府决定”是对文中相关信息的概括，为正确答案。其他三项均与题意不符。25、Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________．A、thefederalgovernmentandthelocalgovernmentmayhavedifferentrulingsconcerningthelegalstatusofgaymarriageB、thefederalgovernmenthasalonghistoryofinterferinginthedecisionsconcerningmarriageissuesonlocallevelsC、thefederalgovernmenthasnevermadeaclearexpressionabouttheirdecisionconcerninggaymarriageD、iflocalgovernmentallowsgaymarriagethenthatmarriagewillalsoberecognizedbyThefederalgovernment标准答案：A知识点解析：推断题。最后一段提到，婚姻一直是地方法律的管辖领域，国会宣称，联邦政府不承认同性婚姻，但不会把这一决定强加给各州。这说明，联邦政府和地方政府都可以对同性婚姻做出自己的决定。A项“联邦政府和地方政府可能对同性婚姻的法律地位问题做出不同的规定”与此意符合，为正确答案。B、C两项与原文不符；D项原文未提。Passage6LindaEvanswasmybestfriend-likethesisterIneverhad．Wedideverythingtogether：pianolessons，movies，swimming，andhorsebackriding．WhenIwas13，myfamilymovedaway，LindaandIkeptintouchthroughletters，andwesaweachotheronspecialtime—likemyweddingandLinda’s．Soonwewerebusywithchildrenandmovingtonewhomes，andwewrotelessoften．OnedayacardthatIsentcameback，stamped“AddressUnknown”．IhadnoideahowtofindLinda．Overtheyears，ImissedLindaverymuch．1wantedtosharehappinessofmychildrenandthengrandchildren．AndIneededtosharemysadnesswhenmybrotherandthenmotherdied．TherewasanemptyplaceinmyheartthatonlyafriendlikeLindacouldfill．OnedayIwasreadinganewspaperwhenInoticedaphotoofayoungwomanwholookedverymuchlikeLindaandwhoselastnamewasWagman—Linda’smarriedname．“TheremustbethousandsofWagmans．”Ithought，butIstillwrotetoher．Shecalledassoonasshegotmyletter．“Mrs．Tobin!”shesaidexcitedly．“LindaEvansWagmanismymother．”MinuteslaterIheardavoicethatIknewverymuch，evenafter40years，laughedandcriedandcaughtuponeachother’slives．Nowtheemptyplaceinmyheartisfilled．Andthere’sonethingthatLindaandIknowforsure：Wewon’tloseeachotheragain！26、ThewriterwenttopianolessonswithLindaEvans________．A、attheageof13B、beforeshegotmarriedC、after