Basic Chemistry 基础化学智慧树知到答案2024年天津大学

BasicChemistry基础化学天津大学智慧树知到答案2024年第一章测试

Solidshavea__________shapeandarenotappreciably__________.

A:definite,compressibleB:indefinite,compressibleC:indefinite,incompressibleD:definite,incompressibleE:sharp,convertible

答案:AThesymbolfortheelementpotassiumis__________.

A:PtB:PC:SD:CaE:K

答案:ETheSIunitformassis__________.

A:gramB:troyounceC:poundD:kilogram

答案:DThetemperatureof25°Cis__________inkelvins.

A:248B:298C:166D:103E:138

答案:BThedensityofsilveris10.5g/cm3.Apieceofsilverwithamassof61.3gwouldoccupyavolumeof__________cm3.

A:10.5B:644C:0.00155D:5.84E:0.171

答案:DThecorrectresultofthemolecularmasscalculationforH2SO4is________.4×15.9994+32.066+2×1.0079

A:98.079B:98.074C:98.08D:98.84E:98.838

答案:AThereare__________significantfiguresintheanswertothefollowingcomputation:(29.2-20.0)(1.79×105)/1.39

A:4B:2C:5D:1E:3

答案:BOfthefollowing,__________isthesmallestmass.

A:2.5×10-2mgB:25kgC:2.5×1010ngD:2.5×109fgE:2.5×1015pg

答案:DAccuracyrefersto__________.

A:howcloseameasurednumberistothetruevalueB:howcloseameasurednumberistoothermeasurednumbersC:howcloseameasurednumberistothecalculatedvalueD:howcloseameasurednumberistozeroE:howcloseameasurednumberistoinfinity

答案:AInwhichoneofthefollowingnumbersareallofthezerossignificant?

A:0.1B:100.09009C:0.05843D:0.003002E:0.14329

答案:B

第二章测试

Acertainmassofcarbonreactswith13.6gofoxygentoformcarbonmonoxide.__________gramsofoxygenwouldreactwiththatsamemassofcarbontoformcarbondioxide,accordingtothelawofmultipleproportions?

A:13.6B:27.2C:136D:25.6E:6.8

答案:BWhichstatementbelowcorrectlydescribestheresponsesofalpha,beta,andgammaradiationtoanelectricfield?

A:Bothalphaandbetaaredeflectedinthesamedirection,whilegammashowsnoresponseB:Onlyalphaisdeflected,whilebetaandgammashownoresponseC:Alphaandbetaaredeflectedinoppositedirections,whilegammashowsnoresponseD:Bothalphaandgammaaredeflectedinthesamedirection,whilebetashowsnoresponseE:Bothbetaandgammaaredeflectedinthesamedirection,whilealphashowsnoresponse

答案:C__________and__________resideintheatomicnucleus.

A:Neutrons,onlyneutronsB:Electrons,neutronsC:Protons,electronsD:noneoftheaboveE:Protons,neutrons

答案:EWhichoneofthefollowingisnottrueconcerningcathoderays?

A:ThecharacteristicsofcathoderaysdependonthematerialfromwhichtheyareemittedB:TheyimpartanegativechargetometalsexposedtothemC:TheyoriginatefromthenegativeelectrodeD:TheyaremadeupofelectronsE:Theytravelinstraightlinesintheabsenceofelectricormagneticfields

答案:AThechargeonanelectronwasdeterminedinthe__________.

A:cathoderaytube,byJ.J.ThompsonB:atomictheoryofmatterC:DaltonatomictheoryD:MillikanoildropexperimentE:Rutherfordgoldfoilexperiment

答案:DIntheRutherfordnuclear-atommodel,__________.

A:massisspreadessentiallyuniformlythroughouttheatomB:theheavysubatomicparticles,protonsandneutrons,resideinthenucleusC:thelightsubatomicparticles,protonsandneutrons,resideinthenucleusD:thethreeprincipalsubatomicparticles(protons,neutrons,andelectrons)allhaveessentiallythesamemassandmassisspreadessentiallyuniformlythroughouttheatomE:thethreeprincipalsubatomicparticles(protons,neutrons,andelectrons)allhaveessentiallythesamemass

答案:BAllatomsofagivenelementhavethesame__________.

A:numberofprotonsB:numberofneutronsC:numberofelectronsandneutronsD:massE:density

答案:AAnatomofthemostcommonisotopeofgold,197Au,has__________protons,__________neutrons,and__________electrons.

A:79,118,79B:79,197,197C:197,79,118D:118,79,39E:79,118,118

答案:AWhichcombinationofprotons,neutrons,andelectronsiscorrectfortheisotopecopper-63,?

A:63p+,29n°,63e−B:29p+,34n°,29e−C:34p+,29n°,34e−D:34p+,34n°,29e−E:29p+,29n°,63e−

答案:BIsotopesareatomsthathavethesamenumberof__________butdifferingnumberof__________.

A:protons,neutronsB:electrons,protonsC:neutrons,electronsD:neutrons,protonsE:protons,electrons

答案:A

第三章测试

__________iscreditedwithdevelopingtheconceptofatomicnumbers.

A:LotharMeyerB:MichaelFaradayC:DmitriMendeleevD:ErnestRutherfordE:HenryMoseley

答案:EElementsinthemodernversionoftheperiodictablearearrangedinorderofincreasing__________.

A:averageatomicmassB:numberofisotopesC:atomicnumberD:oxidationnumberE:atomicmass

答案:CThefirstionizationenergiesoftheelements__________asyougofromlefttorightacrossaperiodoftheperiodictable,and__________asyougofromthebottomtothetopofagroupinthetable.

A:decrease,increaseB:arecompletelyunpredictableC:increase,decreaseD:decrease,decreaseE:increase,increase

答案:EIngeneral,asyougoacrossaperiodintheperiodictablefromlefttoright:(1)theatomicradius__________;(2)theelectronaffinitybecomes__________negative;and(3)thefirstionizationenergy__________.

A:decreases,increasingly,decreasesB:decreases,decreasingly,increasesC:decreases,increasingly,increasesD:increases,increasingly,decreasesE:increases,increasingly,increases

答案:CWhichofthefollowingtraitscharacterizesthealkalimetals?

A:existenceasdiatomicmoleculesB:formationofdianionsC:thelowestfirstionizationenergiesinaperiodD:veryhighmeltingpointE:thesmallestatomicradiusinaperiod

答案:COxidesoftheactivemetalscombinewithwatertoform__________.

A:waterandasaltB:metalhydroxidesC:metalhydridesD:hydrogengasE:oxygengas

答案:BAnalkalineearthmetalformsacompoundwithoxygenwiththeformula__________.(ThesymbolMrepresentsanyoneofthealkalineearthmetals.)

A:MO2B:M2OC:MOD:M2O2E:MO3

答案:CWhichnon-metalexistsasadiatomicsolid?

A:phosphorusB:boronC:bromineD:antimonyE:iodine

答案:ETheonlynoblegasthatdoesnothavethens2np6valenceelectronconfigurationis__________.

A:heliumB:kryptonC:Allnoblegaseshavethens2np6valenceelectronconfigurationD:radonE:neon

答案:AWhatistheoxidationnumberofchromiumin[Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl__________?

A:-3B:-2C:3D:0E:2

答案:C

第四章测试

Thereare__________pairedand__________unpairedelectronsintheLewissymbolforaphosphorusatom.

A:4,2B:0,3C:2,3D:2,4E:4,3

答案:CThereare__________unpairedelectronsintheLewissymbolforanoxygenatom.

A:1B:2C:0D:4E:3

答案:BTheelectronconfigurationofthephosphideion(P3-)is__________.

A:[Ne]3s23p1B:[Ne]3s23p6C:[Ne]3s23p3D:[Ne]3p2E:[Ne]3s2

答案:BElementsfromoppositesidesoftheperiodictabletendtoform__________.

A:homonucleardiatomiccompoundsB:ioniccompoundsC:covalentcompoundsD:covalentcompoundsthataregaseousatroomtemperatureE:compoundsthataregaseousatroomtemperature

答案:BDetermininglatticeenergyfromBorn-Habercycledatarequirestheuseof__________.

A:theoctetrule

B:

Hess'slawC:Avogadro'snumberD:Coulomb'slawE:Periodiclaw

答案:BHowmanyhydrogenatomsmustbondtosilicontogiveitanoctetofvalenceelectrons?

A:5B:2C:4D:1E:3

答案:CInthemoleculebelow,whichatomhasthelargestpartialnegativecharge__________?

A:FB:IC:ClD:CE:Br

答案:AElectronegativity__________fromlefttorightwithinaperiodand__________fromtoptobottomwithinagroup.

A:decreases,increasesB:increases,increasesC:increases,decreasesD:staysthesame,increasesE:increases,staysthesame

答案:CTheLewisstructureofAsH3shows__________nonbondingelectronpair(s)onAs.

A:1B:0C:Thiscannotbedeterminedfromthedatagiven.D:3E:2

答案:ATheformalchargeoncarboninthemoleculebelowis__________.

A:1B:3C:0D:-1E:2

答案:C

第五章测试

ThecorrectnameforK2Sis__________.

A:potassiumbisulfideB:potassiumsulfateC:potassiumsulfideD:potassiumdisulfideE:dipotassiumsulfate

答案:CThecorrectnameforH2SO3is__________.

A:sulfuricacidB:hydrosulfuricacidC:hydrosulficacidD:sulfurhydroxideE:sulfurousacid

答案:EThecorrectnameofthecompoundNa3Nis__________.

A:sodiumtrinitrideB:sodiumnitrideC:sodium(IX)nitrideD:trisodiumnitrideE:sodiumazide

答案:BTheionsCa2+andPO43-formasaltwiththeformula__________.

A:Ca(PO4)2B:CaPO4C:Ca3(PO4)2D:Ca2PO4E:Ca2(PO4)3

答案:CElementMreactswithfluorinetoformanioniccompoundwiththeformulaMF3.TheM-ionhas18electrons.ElementMis__________.

A:ArB:PC:CrD:CaE:Sc

答案:ETheconjugatebaseofHSO4-is

A:H2SO4B:SO42-C:H3SO4+D:HSO4+E:OH-

答案:BWhatisthepHofanaqueoussolutionat25.0°Cinwhich[H+]is0.00250M?

A:-2.6B:2.6C:-3.4D:3.4E:2.25

答案:BWhatistheconcentration(inM)ofhydroniumionsinasolutionat25.0°CwithpH=4.282?

A:1.92×10-10B:1.66×104C:5.22×10-5D:4.28E:9.71

答案:CWhatisthepHofa0.0150Maqueoussolutionofbariumhydroxide?

A:12.5B:1.52C:12.2D:10.4E:1.82

答案:A

第六章测试

Whenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientsare__________.NH3(g)+O2(g)→NO2(g)+H2O(g)

A:2,3,2,3B:1,1,1,1C:4,7,4,6D:1,3,1,2E:4,3,4,3

答案:CWhenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientofAlis__________.Al(s)+H2O(l)→Al(OH)3(s)+H2(g)

A:5B:4C:2D:1E:3

答案:CWhenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientofO2is__________.C2H4O(g)+O2(g)→CO2(g)+H2O(g)

A:1B:5C:2D:3E:4

答案:BWritethebalancedequationforthereactionthatoccurswhenmethanol,CH3CH(l)isburnedinair.Whatisthecoefficientofmethanolinthebalancedequation?

A:2B:4C:1D:3E:1.5

答案:AThebalancedequationforthedecompositionofsodiumazideis__________.

A:NaN3(s)→Na(s)+N2(g)B:2NaN3(s)→2Na(s)+2N2(g)C:2NaN3(s)→2Na(s)+3N2(g)D:NaN3(s)→Na(s)+N2(g)+N(g)E:2NaN3(s)→Na2(s)+3N2(g)

答案:CThesolubilityofmanganese(II)hydroxide(Mn(OH)2)is2.2×10-5M.WhatistheKspofMn(OH)2?

A:4.3×10-14B:4.8×10-10C:2.1×10-14D:1.1×10-14E:2.2×10-5

答案:AWhatistheempiricalformulaofacompoundthatcontains49.4%K,20.3%S,and30.3%Obymass?

A:KSO3B:K2SO4C:KSO4D:KSO2E:K2SO3

答案:EAcompoundcontains40.0%C,6.71%H,and53.29%Obymass.Themolecularweightofthecompoundis60.05amu.Themolecularformulaofthiscompoundis__________.

A:CHO2B:C2H3O4C:C2H2O4D:C2H4O2E:CH2O

答案:DMagnesiumandnitrogenreactinacombinationreactiontoproducemagnesiumnitride:3Mg+N2→Mg3N2Inaparticularexperiment,a9.27gsampleofN2reactscompletely.ThemassofMgconsumedis__________g.

A:13.9B:24.1C:16.1D:8.04E:0.92

答案:BWhichofthefollowingreactionsisaredoxreaction?(a)K2CrO4+BaCl2→BaCrO4+2KCl(b)Pb22++2Br-→PbBr(c)Cu+S→CuS

A:(b)and(c)B:(c)onlyC:(a)and(c)D:(a)onlyE:(b)only

答案:B

第七章测试

Agasatapressureof10.0Paexertsaforceof__________Nonanareaof5.5m2.

A:55B:18C:0.55D:1.8E:5.5

答案:AAgasvesselisattachedtoanopen-endmanometercontaininganon-volatileliquidofdensity0.791g/mLasshownbelow.Thedifferenceinheightsoftheis755mmHg.Giventhatthedensityofmercuryis13.6g/mL,thepressureoftheenclosedgasis__________atm.liquidinthetwosidesofthemanometeris43.4cmwhentheatmosphericpressure

A:0.96B:1.03C:0.99D:0.987E:0.993

答案:AAsampleofagas(5.0mol)at1.0atmisexpandedatconstanttemperaturefrom10Lto15L.Thefinalpressureis__________atm.

A:1.5B:15C:7.5D:3.3E:0.67

答案:EAsampleofH2gas(12.28g)occupies100.0Lat400.0Kand2.00atm.Asampleweighing9.49goccupies__________Lat353Kand2.00atm.

A:77.3B:147C:109D:68.2E:54.7

答案:DA0.325Lflaskfilledwithgasat0.914atmand19°Ccontains__________molofgas.

A:1.24×10-2B:80.7C:12.4D:1.48×10-2E:9.42

答案:AAsampleofgas(1.3mol)occupies__________Lat22°Cand2.5atm.

A:13B:3.2×10-2C:0.079D:0.94E:31

答案:AAflaskcontainsamixtureofHeandNeatatotalpressureof2.6atm.Thereare2.0molofHeand5.0molofNeintheflask.ThepartialpressureofHeis__________atm.

A:9.1B:1.86C:0.74D:6.5E:1.04

答案:CTheroot-mean-squarespeedofCOat113°Cis__________m/s.

A:993B:586C:31.5D:317E:58.3

答案:BAsampleofN2gas(2.0mmol)effusedthroughapinholein5.5s.Itwilltake__________sforthesameamountofCH4toeffuseunderthesameconditions.

A:4.2B:9.6C:3.1D:7.3E:5.5

答案:AUsingthevanderWaalsequation,thepressureina22.4Lvesselcontaining1.00molofneongasat100°Cis__________atm.(a=0.211L2atm/mol2,b=0.0171L/mol)

A:1.21B:1.37C:1D:0.73E:0.367

答案:B

第八章测试

Asolutionispreparedbydissolving15.0gofNH3in250gofwater.Thedensityoftheresultingsolutionis0.974g/mL.ThemolefractionofNH3inthesolutionis__________.

A:0.0597B:0.94C:0.064D:0.922E:16.8

答案:AThevaporpressureofpurewaterat25°Cis23.8torr.Determinethevaporpressure(torr)ofwaterat25°Caboveasolutionpreparedbydissolving35gofurea(anon-volatile,non-electrolyte,MW=60.0g/mol)in75gofwater.

A:21B:2.9C:3.3D:0.88E:27

答案:AThefreezingpointofethanol(C2H5OH)is-114.6°C.Themolalfreezingpointdepressionconstantforethanolis2.00°C/m.Whatisthefreezingpoint(°C)ofasolutionpreparedbydissolving50.0gofglycerine(C3H8O3anonelectrolyte)in200gofethanol?

A:-132.3B:-115C:-120D:-114.6E:-5.42

答案:CAsolutionispreparedbydissolving6.00gofanunknown