大学英语英语四级练习卷（及答案） (三)

大学英语四级试练习卷

一、阅读理解

阅读理解(一)

ThestrivingofcountriesinCentralEuropetoentertheEuropeanUnion

mayofferanunprecedentedchancetothecontinent'sGypsies(orRoman)

toberecognizedasanation,albeitonewithoutadefinedterritory.

Andiftheyweretoachievethattheymightevenseeksomekindofformal

place一atleastatotalpopulationoutnumbersthatofmanyoftheUnion'

spresentandfuturecountries.Someexpertsputthefigureat4m-plus;

someproponentsofGypsyrightsgoashighas15m.

UnlikeJews,Gypsieshavehadnoknownancestrallandtoharkbackto.

ThoughtheirlanguageisrelatedtoHindi,theirterritorialoriginsare

misty.Romanianpeasantsheldthemtobebornonthemoon.OtherEuropeans

(wrongly)thoughtthemmigrantEgyptians,hencethederivativeGypsy.

Mostprobablytheywereitinerantmetalworkersandentertainerswho

driftedwestfromIndiainthe7thcentury.

However,sincecommunisminCentralEuropecollapsedadecadeago,the

notionofRomanestanasalandlessnationfoundedonGypsyculturehas

gainedground.TheInternationalRomanyUnion,whichsaysitstandsfor

10mGypsiesinmorethan30countries,isfosteringtheideaof

“self-rallying”.Itistryingtopromoteastandardandwrittenform

ofthelanguage;itwavesaGypsyflag(greenwithawheel)whenitlobbies

insuchplacesastheUnitedBations;andinJulyitheldacongressin

Prague,TheCzechcapital.WherePresidentVaclavHavelsaidthatGypsies

inhisowncountryandelsewhereshouldhaveabetterdeal.

AtthecongressaSlovak-bornlawyer,EmilScuka,waselectedpresident

oftheInternationalTomanyUnion.Laterthismonthagroupofelected

Gypsypoliticians,includingmembersofparliament,mayorsandlocal

councilorsfromalloverEurope(OSCE),todiscusshowtopersuademore

Gypsiestogetinvolvedinpolitics.

TheInternationalRomanyUnionisprobablythemostrepresentativeof

theoutfitsthatspeakforGypsies,butthatisnotsayingalot.Ofthe

severalhundreddelegateswhogatheredatitscongress,fewwere

democraticallyelected;oddly,nonecamefromHungary,whoseGypsiesare

perhapstheworld'sbestorganized,withsome450Gypsybodiesadvising

localcouncilsthere.Theuniondid,however,announceitsambitionto

setupaparliament,buthowitwouldactuallybeelectedwasleft

undecided.

Sofar,theEuropeanCommissioniswaryofencouragingGypsiestopresent

themselvesasanation.Themight,itisfeared,openaPandora?sbox

alreadycontainingBasques,Corsicansandotherawkwardpeoples.Besides,

acknowledgingGypsiesasanationmightbackfire,justwhenseveral

countries,particularlyHungary,SlovakiaandtheCzechRepublic,are

beginningtotreatthembetter,inordertoqualifyforEUmembership.

“TheEU'swholepremiseistoovercomedifferences,nottohighlight

them,“saysanervousEurocrat.

ButtheideathattheGypsiesshouldwinsomekindofspecialrecognition

asEurope?slargestcontinentwideminority,andonewithaterrible

historyofpersecution,iscatchingon.Gypsieshavesufferedmany

pogromsoverthecenturies.InRomania,thecountrythatstillhasthe

largestnumberofthem(morethanIm),inthe19thcenturytheywere

actuallyenslaved.Hitlertriedtowipethemout,alongwiththeJews.

“GypsiesdeservesomespacewithinEuropeanstructures,“saysJan

MarinusWiersma,aDutchmanintheEuropeanParliamentwhosuggeststhat

oneofthecurrentcommissionersshouldberesponsibleforGypsyaffairs.

SomeprominentGypsiessaytheyshouldbemoredirectlyrepresented,

perhapswithaquotaintheEuropeanParliament.That,theyargue,might

givethemaboost.Therearemovesafoottohelpthemtogetmoneyfor,

amongotherthings,aGypsyuniversity.

OnebigsnagisthatEurope?sGypsiesare,infact,extremely

heterogeneous.Theybelongtomanydifferent,andoftenantagonistic,

clansandtribes,withnocommonlanguageorreligion,Their

self-proclaimedleadershaveoftenprovedquarrelsomeandcorrupt.Still,

says,DimitrinaPetrova,headoftheEuropeanRomaRightsCenterin

Budapest,Gypsies'sharedexperienceofsufferingentitlesthemtotalk

ofonenation;theirpotentialunity,shesays,stemsfrom“being

regardedassub-humanbymostmajoritiesinEurope.”

Andtheyhavebeguntobeabitmorepragmatic.InSlovakiaandBulgaria,

forinstance,Gypsypoliticalpartiesaretryingtoformelectoralblocks

thatcouldwinseatsinparliament.InMacedonia,aGypsypartyalready

hassome一andevenrunsamunicipality.NicholasGheorge,anexperton

GypsyaffairsattheOSCE,reckonsthat,spreadoverCentralEurope,

therearenowabout20GypsyMPSandmayors,400-oddlocalcouncilors,

andagrowingnumberofbusinessmenandintellectuals.

Thatisfarfromsayingthattheyhavethepeopleorthecashtoforge

anation.But,withtheGypsyquestionontheEU'sagendainCentral

Europe,theyaremakingground.

“1.TheBestTitleofthispassageis”

[A].GypsiesWanttoFormaNation.[B].AreTheyaNation.

[C].EUIsAfraidofTheirGrowth.[C].TheyAreaTribe

“2.WherearethemostprobableGypsyterritoryorigins?”

[A].MostprobablytheydriftedwestfromIndiainthe7thcentury.

[B].Theyarescatteredeverywhereintheworld.

[C].Probably,theystemmedfromCentralEurope.

[D].TheyprobablycamefromtheInternationalRomanyUnion.

“3.WhatdoestheInternationalRomanylobbyfor?”

[A].Itlobbiesforademandtobeacceptedbysuchinternational

organizationsasEUandUN.

[B].ItlobbiesforapostinanyinternationalRomanyUnion.

[C].Itlobbiesfortherightasanation.

[D].Itlobbiesforaplaceinsuchinternationalorganizationsasthe

EUorUN.

“4.WhyistheEuropeCommissionwaryofencouragingGypsiestopresent

themselvesasanation?”

[A].ItmayopenaPandora，sBox.

[B].Encouragementmayleadtosomeunexpectedresults.

[C].ItfearsthattheBasgnes,Corsicansandothernationsseeking

separationmayraisethesamedemand.

[D].Gyspsies'demandmayhighlightthedifferenceintheEU.

“5.Thebigproblemliesinthefactthat”

[A].Gypsiesbelongtodifferentandantagonisticclansandtribes

withoutacommonlanguageorreligion.

[B].Theirleadersprovecorrupt.

[C].Theirpotentialunitystemsfrom“beingregardedassub-human”.

[D].Theyareabitmorepragmatic.

阅读理解（二）

SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyservedtorepress

women'svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthem

aschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningofthe

17thcentury,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,and

genderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrew

LawofFreeMonarchieandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologythe

absolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedinthe

absolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.

Accordingly,awoman'ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoher

husband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarch,and

ofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressive

orovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomenJs

physicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewish

ness,andnaturalinferioritytomen.

Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.During

theElizabethanera(1558—1603)theculturewasdominatedbyapowerful

Queen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscant

culturalspaceforotherwomen.Elizabethanwomenwritersbeganto

produceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.In

the17thcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowrite

originaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweightto

patriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities一mothersanddaughters,

extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtof

QueenAnne(KingJames'consort)andheroftenoppositionalmasquesand

politicalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonably

goodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,

occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistories

moreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen?slives.Also,representation

ofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureand

especiallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithic

socialconstructofwomen'smatureandrole.

Mostimportant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentinthe

ProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian'simmediaterelationshipwith

Godandprimaryresponsibilitytofollowhisorherindividualconscience.

ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul'sepistlesandelsewhereinthe

Bibleforpatriarchyandawife'ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsome

texts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,

promotingwomen,sspiritualequality:uThereisneitherJewnorGreek,

thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereisneithermalenorfemale:for

yearealloneinJesusChrist."Suchtextsencouragedsomewomento

claimthesupportofGodthesupremepatriarchagainstthevarious

earthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.

Thereisalsothegaporslippagebetweenideologyandcommonexperience.

Englishwomenthroughoutthe17thcenturyexercisedagooddealof

accrualpower:asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands'absencesat

courtoronmilitaryanddiplomaticmissions;asmembersofguilds;as

wivesandmotherswhoapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnum

(1640-60)astheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionof

socialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles一aspreachers,as

prophetesses,asdeputiesforexiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersof

religiousandpoliticaltracts.

“1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?”

[A].Women?sPositioninthe17thCentury.

[B].Women'sSubjectiontoPatriarchy.

[C].SocialCircumstancesinthe17thCentury.

[D].Women'sobjectioninthe17thCentury.

“2.WhatdidtheQueenElizabethdoforthewomeninculture?”

[A].Shesetanimpressivefemaleexampletofollow.

[B].Shedominatedtheculture.

[C].Shedidlittle.

[D].Sheallowedwomentotranslatesomething.

“3.WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionasareasontoenablewomen

tooriginaltexts?”

[A].Femalecommunitiesprovidedsomecounterweighttopatriarchy.

[B].QueenAnne'spoliticalactivities.

[C].Mostwomenhadagoodeducation.

[D].QueenElizabeth'spoliticalactivities.

“4.Whatdidthereligionsoforthewomen?”

[A].Itdidnothing.

[B].Ittooaskedwomentobeobedientexceptsometexts.

[C].Itsupportedwomen.

[D].ItappealedtotheGod.

二、完型填空

完型填空（一）

Exerciseisgoodforyou,butmostpeoplereallyknowverylittleabout

howtoexerciseproperly.1whenyoutry,youcanrunsintostrouble.Many

people2thatwhenspecificmusclesareexercised,thefatinthe

neighbouringareais"3up”.Yetthe4isthatexerciseburnsfatfrom

allover5.Studiesshowmuscleswhicharenot6losetheirstrengthvery

quickly.Toregainitneeds48to72hoursandexerciseeveryotherday

will7anormallevelofphysicalstrength.To8weightyoushouldalways

“workupagoodsweat“whenexercising.9sweatingonly10body

temperaturetopreventoverheating.Thisis11waterloss.12Youreplace

theliquid,youreplacethe13.Walkingisthebestandeasy-to-do

exercise.Ithelpsthecirculationofblood14thebody,andhasadirect

15onyouroverallfeelingofhealth.Experiencesaysthat20minutes'

1617isminimunamount.18yourbreathingdoesn'treturntonormalstate

withinminutesafteryoufinish19,you'vedone20.

1.A.WhileB.WhenC.AsD.So

2.A.understandB.believeC.hopeD.know

3.A.builtB.burnedC.piledD.grown

4.A.replyB.possiblilityC.truthD.reason

5.A.armB.legC.stomachD.body

6.A.exercisedB.examinedC.protectedD.cured

7.A.loseB.raiseC.burnD.keep

8.A.loseB.gainC.keepD.burn

9.A.CertainlyB.NoC.FortunatelyD.Probably

10.A.raisesB.reducesC.destroysD.keepsup

11.A.howB.whyC.nothingbutD.morethan

12.A.WhileB.OnceC.AsD.Whenever

13.A.weightB.muscleC.sweatD.strength

14.A.overB.aroundC.throughoutD.with

15.A.effectB.useC.usageD.affect

16.A.educationB.sleepC.exerciseD.rest

17.A.onedayB.adayC.everydayD.someday

18.A.ButifB.ButC.IfD.Andif

19.A.workingB.walkingC.exercisingD.breathing

20.A.enoughB.muchC.toomuchD.muchtoo

完型填空（二）

Haveyoueverwonderedwhatourfutureislike?Practicallyallpeople

1adesiretopredicttheirfuture_2.Mostpeopleseeminclinedto_3_

thistaskusingcausalreasoning.Firstwe_4_recognizethat

futurecircumstancesare_5_causedorconditionedbypresentones.We

learnthatgettinganeducationwill_6_howmuchmoneyweearnlaterand

thatswimmingbeyondthereefmaybringanunhappy_7_witha

shark.Second,peoplealsolearnthatsuch_8_ofcauseandeffectare

probabilistic（可能的）innature.Thatis,theeffectsoccurmoreoften

whenthecausesoccurthanwhenthecausesare_9_,but

notalways.Thus,studentslearnthatstudyinghard_10_goodgradesin

mostinstances,butnoteverytime.Sciencemakestheseconceptsof

causalityandprobabilitymore_11_andprovidestechniquesfordealing

_12_thenmoreaccuratelythandoescausalhumaninquiry.Inlookingat

ordinaryhumaninquiry,weneedto13betweenpredictionand

understanding.Often,evenifwedon'tunderstandwhy,wearewillingtoact

_14_thebasisofademonstratedpredictiveability.Whateverthe

primitivedrives_15_motivatehumanbeings,satisfyingthemdepends

heavilyontheabilityto_16_futurecircumstances.Theattempttopredict

isoftenplayedina_17_ofknowledgeandunderstanding.Ifyoucan

understandwhycertainregularpatterns_18_,youcanpredictbetterthan

ifyousimplyobservethosepatterns.Thus,humaninquiryaims_19_

answeringboth"what"and"why"question,andwepursuethese_20_by

observingandfiguringout.

1.[A]exhibit[B]exaggerate[C]examine[D]exceed

2.[A]contexts[B]circumstances[C]inspections[D]intuitions

3.[A]underestimate[B]undermine[C]undertake[D]undergo

4.[A]specially[B]particularly[C]always[D]generally

5.[A]somehow[B]somebody[C]someone[D]something

6.[A]enact[B]affect[C]reflect[D]inflect

7.[A]meeting[B]occurrence[C]encounter[D]contact

8.[A]patterns[B]designs[C]arrangements[D]pictures

9.[A]disappointde[B]absent[C]inadequate[D]absolute

10.[A]creates[B]produces[C]loses[D]protects

11.[A]obscure[B]indistinct[C]explicit[D]explosive

12.[A]for[B]at[C]in[D]with

13.[A]distinguish[B]distinct[C]distort[D]distract

14.[A]at[B]on[C]to[D]under

15.[A]why[B]how[C]that[D]where

16.[A]predict[B]produce[C]pretend[D]precede

17.[A]content[B]contact[C]contest[D]context

18.[A]happen[B]occur[C]occupy[D]incur

19.[A]at[B]on[C]to[D]beyond

20.[A]purposes[B]ambitions[C]drives[D]goals

三、翻译

1、他用所有的积蓄为儿子买了一辆自行车。(savings)

2、中央电视台新闻节目为我们学习英语提供了实践机会。(givepractice)

3、农民们如果要摆脱贫困还有许多事情要做。(getridof)

4、老师已经找到打破怀特太太家玻璃窗的那个学生。(findout)

5、报纸的新闻板块是我们获知每日重要新闻的地方。（learnfrom）

参考答案：

一、阅读理解：

阅读理解（一）

答案祥解

B.他们是一个民族/国家吗？整篇文章环境这一点而写，文章一开始就提

出中欧入欧盟的国家会给大陆吉普塞人一个机会，承认他们是一个民族一一国

家，虽然没有界定的领土（作为国家，应有领土）。吉普塞人的领袖人物也指

出其人数超过欧盟中许多现在有的和将来要入盟的国家。他们至少要在欧盟中

有一席之地。第二段提出，吉普塞和犹太人不同，他们没有可回归的祖居地。

他们的语言属印欧语系。英国人认为他们来自埃及及移民。最可能的是七世纪

时一些流浪的手工业工人和艺人从印度向西方流移。第三段涉及一种思想一一

以吉普塞文化为基础的无疆土的吉普塞民族应有个说话的地方一越来越为人接

受。国际吉普塞人联盟声称代表30多个国家的吉普塞人，做了几件事：展开自

我联合，提出语言标准和书面形式，在联合国进行游说活动时挥动吉普塞国旗，

在布鲁塞尔设立办事处，六月在捷克首都布拉格召开会议。第四段集中讲到会

上选出了联盟主席。一群选出吉普塞的政治家一一国会议员，市长，地方政务

委员再次在布拉格开会，会议由欧洲安全合作条约组织召集，来讨论如何动员

更多的吉普塞人参政。第五段涉及联盟雄心勃勃的宣布要建立国会，但如何实

际操作还未落实。后面主要是外界对吉普塞的态度。第六段描述欧盟委员会在

吉普塞作为最大的大陆少数民族，历史上遭到残酷的迫害，应赢得特别承认。

19世纪他们横遭奴役，希特勒企图把它们和犹太人一起消灭。第八段讲了欧洲

会议中有人提出吉普塞在欧洲机构中应有一席之地，还提议一个常务委员负责

吉普塞事务。还有行动筹建建立一所吉普塞大学。后面两段讲的是困难，第九

段点出。最后一段指出，现在说他们有人有钱可以组成（国家）为时还早，可

是吉普塞是欧盟中日程表上的一个问题，他们日益接近解决。从内部，外部情

况分析都说明吉普塞是一个组成国家的民族。全文都是环绕它是不是，该不该

承认为民族/国家而写，所以B项他们是不是民族是最佳标题。〃

A.吉普塞要想组成一个国家（民族）。这只是文章涉及到的部分内容，中欧国

家想加入欧盟一事可能产生的结果。C.欧盟害怕它们成长。D.他

们是一个部落。

〃2.A.最可能是在7世纪从印度流浪到西方。见第1题第二注释。〃

B.他们分散在世界各地。C.可能他们源于中欧。D.他们可能

来自国际吉普塞人联盟。

〃3.D.它们在这些国际组织，如欧盟，联合国中进行活动游说要取得一席之

地。见第1题第一段，三段注释。〃

A.它们游说活动欧盟和联合国接受他们的要求。太抽象。B.它们活动

游说在国际机构取得职位。C.他们游说作为民族的权利。

〃4.C.它害怕巴斯克人，科西嘉人和其它要求分裂的民族会提出同样的要求。

见难句译注n。〃

A.它可能会打开潘多拉盒子。此盒子在文章中只是比喻。B.鼓励可能会

导致某些意想不到的结果。D.吉普塞的要求会加深欧盟分歧。

B,D两项不够明确。

〃5.A.吉普塞人属于不同的，而且常常是对抗的民族的部落，还没有共同的

语言和宗教信仰。〃

B.他们领袖很腐败。C.他们潜在的团结来自被人看作是低于人类（次

等人）。D.他们有点太讲究实效，B,C,D三项不是主要问题。主要问题

是A.项。

阅读理解（二）

答案祥解

〃1.A.17世纪英国妇女地位。见上面文章大意。〃

B.妇女服从于家族制。D.17世纪妇女的反抗，都是A.内容中的一部

分，不能作为最佳标题。C.17世纪英国社会形式，只能作为背景出现。

〃2.C.她没有做什么。英女皇伊丽莎白在位时期间在文化上并没有妇女做过

什么。这在第二段讲得很清楚。“伊丽莎白统治时期（1558——1603）,文化

领域为强有里女皇所控制，她本人确实树立了令人难忘的妇女形象，可是她并

没有为其它妇女能够创作一些东西。”见前面列出之原因和下一道题的A.B.

C.”

〃3.D.伊丽莎白女皇的政治活动。这文内没有提及。〃

A.妇女亲情网对家长制进行抗衡。B.安娜女皇的政治活动。C.

大多数妇女都受过良好教育。这三项在第二段中都提到。“首先，妇女亲情关

系，如母亲，女儿，他们的亲戚网，好友；安娜女皇单独的宫殿，她那对立的

化装舞会和政治活动都和族长制予以抗衡。”

〃4.B.除了某些文本外，它也要求妇女服从。第一段，见上述内容。第三段

集中论述这一点。“也许，最重要的是基督教固有潜在激进性。它坚持主张每

个基督徒和上帝的直接关系，坚持人首先责任是服从她或他的良知。在圣?保罗

使徒书以及在别的圣经中有许多对家长制，妻子对丈夫的服从支持。可是有些

文本镌刻着一种完全不同的政治观点，鼓吹妇女精神平等：”人没有犹太和希

腊之分，没有束缚或自由之分，没有男女之分，因为在耶酥基督面前，你们都

是一样。“〃

A.它什么也没有做。不对。C.它支持妇女。也不对，只有某些版本

支持。D.它求助于上帝。它借上帝之名压制妇女。第一段：“因此，妇

女首先服从父亲，然后服从丈夫，体现了（象征）英国人民服从他们的君主，

所有基督徒服从上帝。”

二、完型填空

完型填空（一）

1.【答案】D因为大部分人不知道如何正确锻炼，所以，人们在训炼时常会遇

到麻烦。句中you表示泛指。

2.【答案】C"希望“邻近的脂肪消耗掉，在此符合语境；understand,know不

合逻辑，因为，即已”明白“，就不会不符合事实真相；believe表示的是人

的得一种看法，而看法有对有错。

3.【答案】B下一句中再现了burn这一词。

4.【答案】Ctruth本意为“真理”，此处引申为“事实”一一指实际锻炼时

脂肪消耗的情形。余者不合文意。

5.【答案】D余者不能概全

6.【答案】A根据常识可知，“不锻炼的肌肉会很快丧失力量。

7.【答案】D根据前一句“要重新获得力量需要48到72个小时可知，每隔

一天锻炼一次可保持正常水平的体力。”

8.【答案】A本句意思是“为了一一体重，人们应该通过锻炼来出汗”。空格

处显然应该是“减少”。而不是“增加”或”“保持”，更不可能是“燃烧”。

9.【答案】B表示对该节首句看法的否定。首句看法的错误性可从下文推知。

10.【答案】B根据topreventoverheating可知，sweating的作用是降低

体温。

11.【答案】Closs是名词，故前面不能填连接副词how和why；morethan

"不只是"，不合文意。本题应选not