电梯结构及原理教案-3轿厢和对重

轿厢和对重Carandcounterweight额定载重量。Intractionlift,carandcounterweightaresuspendedontwosidesoftractionsheave. Asanonlypartthatpassengerscanview,carisusedtoaccommodatepassengersandcargo. Playingakeyroleindecidingtractioncapacity,counterweightisusedtooffsetcarweightandratedload.轿厢及操纵盘Carandcontrolpanel3-1-1Car3-1。Cariscomposedofcarbottom,carwall,cartop,cardoor,relatedframe,dooroperatorandcontrolpanel,asshowninfigure3-1.异。Althoughliftsaresimilarstructureanddifferentapplication,theydifferwitheachotherinconfigurationandshape.运行效率。图3-2是通常的客梯轿厢构造。1Forpassengerlift,thewidthofcarisgenerallylongerthandepth,whichfacilitatespassengerstogoinandoutofliftandimproveefficiency,asshowninfigure3-2.货梯的轿厢一般深大于宽或宽深相3-3Forcargolift,thedepthofcarisgenerallylongerthanorequaltowidth,whichfacilitatestoloadandunload, asshowninfigure3-3.送而设计的深而窄，如图3-4所示。Deepandnarrow,carofhospitalliftisbeds，asshowninfigure3-4.型，以减小所示。Sightseeingliftisstreamlinedinshapetoreduceairresistanceandoperationnoiseasshowninfigure3-5.23轿顶cartop轿顶要求能够承受三个携带工具的检修人员〔100kg1/10000.12m2的站人用0.25m.。一般轿顶设有安全窗，其尺寸应不小于。此窗门向外用手开起，并装有安全开关。窗一旦开起，安全开关动作，切断了电梯的安全回路，使电梯不能再运行。为了修理、操纵便利，轿顶还应设置轿顶检修盒，检修盒包括以下开关：检修/用的电源插座。轿顶还应设置防护栏杆，用来保护轿顶修理人员的人身安全。Cartopisrequiredtoaccommodatethreetechniciansequippedwithtools(100kg/person),withcurvingdegreenotmorethan1/1000ofcarextent. Tofacilitatemaintenance,cartopshouldhavea0.12m2clearancefortechnicianstanding,withminimumlaterallengthof 0.25m.Normallycartophas safetywindowwithdimensionsofnotlessthan0.35m×0.5m. Equippedwithsafetyswitch,thiswindowcanbeopenedmanuallyoutwards,andis. Assoonasthewindowopens,thesafetyswitchwillactivatetocutoffsafetycircuitoflift,stoppinglift.Tofacilitatemaintenance,operation,oncartopshouldbeinstalledaninspectionbox,whichincludesinspection/operationswitch,emergencyswitch, door operator switch, lighting switch, operation switch upwards,operation switch downwards, power socket for inspection. Balustradesshouldbeinstalledoncartoptoprotecttechniciansfrompersonalinjury.轿壁Carwall钢板，喷漆钢板、不锈钢板等材料装饰。轿厢内任何位置垂直向外，在5cm2圆形或方形面积上施加均匀的300N，其弹性变形应不大于15mm,且无永久变形。Boltedby1.5mmhemmedsteelplates,carwallsareconnectedwithcarbottom,cartopandcarreinforcedbeams. Carwallscanbedecoratedwithplasticcoatedsteelplates,lacquersteelplatesorstainlesssteelplates.4轿底Carbottom积的支撑重量随电梯用途不同而有较大差异，对客梯通常每100kg载荷面积为0.2～0.4m2100kg2500kg0.16m2增大。轿厢载客人数按每人75kg计算，即：最大载客人数=额定载重量／75〔取整数〕Carbottomismadeofsteelshapestoformaframe,whichiscoveredwithsteelplatesorgluedwoodanddecoratedwithfire-proofmaterial. Carbottomislocatedinbottomtransom,tightlypulledbytensionbarandspacerodtosupportallloadincar. Loadperareavarieswithdifferentapplications. Forpassengerlift,areaforloadper100kgis0.2 ～0.4m2. Themoreloadaliftaccommodates,thelessareaper100kgrequires. Ifloadexceeds2500kg,areaforloadper100kgis0.16m2.Ifeachpassengerweighs75kg,maximumpassengernumberequalstoratedload/75(integralnumber)轿门Cardoor依据需要设计成两个出口，既前后两个门〔或称贯穿门。3-6。Cardoorislocatedintheentrance/exitoflift.Passengercarisnormallyhasoneentrance/exit,whilecargocarhasapairofentrance/exittofacilitateloadingandunloading,i.e.frontdoorandbackdoor,5alsocalledthroughdoor. Cardoorisnormallyencolseddoorandclassifiedintocenter-parted,two-foldcenter-parted,asshowninfigure3-6.偏开门、双折旁开门〔人站在towardsrightiscalledright-opendoor.),asshowninfigure3-7.轿门地坎处应装设护脚板，其宽少为0.75m，垂直局部以下应成3-8Cardoorsillshouldbeequippedwithtoeguard,whosewidthshouldbelongerthantotalnetwidthofentrancetothe

向左开为左门，见图3-7。Partial-open,two-foldpartialopendoor(Forpassengestandingoutsidethecarandfacingcardoor,thedooriscalledleft-opendoor;thedoorwhichopens6correspondinglanding. Heightoftheverticalpartoftoeguardshouldbeatleast0.75m;seenformthelevelsurface,anangleofmorethan60°shouldbeformedandextendtowardssurfacefigure

carbottom.Theangleprojectedontheshouldnotbelessthan20m,asshownin3-8.3-1-2Controlpanel操纵盘是设置在轿厢内，用指令开关、按钮或3-9所示。操纵盘等，依据客户需要选用。紧急救援开关—警铃按钮等供乘客使用；/自动开关、停顿开关、独立运行开关等供专业技术人员使用。此局部严禁非专业人员使用。Installedinsidecar,controlpanelisanelectricaldevicetomanipulatecarbycommandswitch,buttonandhandle.Controlpanelislocatednearcardoororonsidewall,asshowninfigure3-9.Classifiedintomaincontrolpanel,subordinatecontrolpanelandcontrolpanel7forisabled,controlpanelcanbeselectedbycustomers.Controlpanelareequippedwithcarcallbutton,dooropen/closebutton,walkie-talkie,emergencyrescuebutton–alarmbuttonforpassengers.Belowcontrolpanelislockcontrolboxwithkey,inwhichareinspectioninchingbuttonsnon-stop

up / down,button,fanpowerswitch,lightingpowerswitch,driver/autoswitch,stopswitch,independentoperationbuttononlyforqualifiedtechnicianstooperate.3-10示电梯的所在位置、运行方向等。轿内显示器也有独立于操纵盘，单独置于轿门内上方或轿厢侧壁上。Indicatingliftpositionandrunningdirection,carinteriordisplayislocatedabovethecontrolpanel,asshowninfigure3-10.Independentwithcontrolpanel,carinteriordisplayislocatedabovecardoororcarsidewall.厂家铭牌、额定载重量、乘客人数等位于显示器下方,如图3-11所示。Suchinformationasmanufacturernameplate,ratedload,passengernumberisindicatedbelowdisplay,asshowninfigure3-11.3-2-38Carframe3-12TCSAsthemainsupport,carframeiscomposedofsidetransom,bottomtransom,toptransomandspacerod,asshownfigure3-12,aTCScarframe.对重Counterweigh重要部件，如图3-13间的曳引力，延长钢丝绳的寿命。Counterweightplaysanimportantpartindecidinglifttractioncapacity,asshowninfigure3-13.Itisusedtooffsetcarweightandratedload.Whenliftloadiscompatiblewithcounterweight,counterweightcanalleviatetractionforcebetweenropeandsheavetolengthenropelife.对重的总重量一般取值为：Counterweightiscalculatedasfollows:式中：Where:

GPQ

3-1G—对重总重量 G–Totalcounterweightweightψ—平衡系数一般取0.4～0.5 ψ—Offsettingcoefficient,normally0.4～0.5Q—额定载重量 Q–RatedloadP—轿厢侧总重量 P–Totalcarweight9构造，其高度一般不宜超出轿厢高度。60kg。对重是铸铁时，至少要用二根拉杆或其他压紧措施将对重块紧固住。1时，对重上还应设置安全钳。Counterweightiscomposedofcounterweightframe,counterweight