强调句型+定语从句+主从和it形式主语句型

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载定语从句定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起定语的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主语的全部内容。通常在被修饰的词语（即先行词）之后，由“关系词”引导。定语从句的三种功能：1.连接功能：连接从句，引导一个定语从句2.指代功能：指代先行词3.语法功能：在定语从句中充当句子成分(定语从句中的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种)thatwhichwhowhomwhosewhenwherewhy语语法关系词指代主语宾语定语表语指人whothatwhomthatwhosethat指物whichthatwhichthatwhosethat注:关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略=1\*GB3①Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.(作主语)Thedogwhich/thatwaslosthasbeenfound.(作主语)=2\*GB3②Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosthomesreached250,000.Herecomesthegirlwho/thatwantstoseeyou.关系代词在句中作宾语时可省略=1\*GB3①Thenoodlesthat/whichIcookedweredelicious.（作宾语）Thisisthebookthat/whichIwanttoread.Theletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.=2\*GB3②Thegirlwho/thatwesawyesterdayisMary.MrLiisamanwhom/who/thatweshouldlearfrom.Doyouknowthemanwhom/who/thatistalkingto?关系代词在从句中做定语=1\*GB3①Thenovelwhosecoverwasbrokenblongstome.=2\*GB3②HeneryistheboywhosemotherisourEnglishteacher.Iknowthepersonwhosecompanyproducescomputers.Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.关系代词在句中作表语时可省略（只能用that）Sheisnotthegirlthatshewas.定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择明确关系代词，关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用关系代词which,that,who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语关系副词when,where,why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语分析句子结构，明确句法成分〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,wewillhavestayedtherefortwoweeks.IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowers,soap,toothbrushetc.当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing时，常用thereis来引导关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等关系副词（when,where,why）When的用法（在定语从句中做时间状语）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.Wewillneverforgetthehappytimewhenweworkedonthefarm.Hecameatatimewhen(atwhich)weneededhelp.where的用法（在定语从句中做地点状语）Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.3.why的用法（在定语从句中做原因状语）Thereareseveralreasonswhywecan’tdothat.Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?Thereasonwhy(forwhich)shewasillisthatshehadeatenbadmeat.4.比较I’llneverforgetthedaysthat/whichIspentwithmyteacher.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.Itisthehousethat/whichwasbuilttwoyearsago.Itisthehousewhere/inwhichIwasborn.Thereasonwhich/thathegavewasanexcuse.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewastherain.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturnup?只能用that的定语从句1.先行词为不定代词alleveryingnothinganythinglittlemuchnone时或被这些词修饰时，关系代词只用thatAllthatcanbedonehasbeendone.2.当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，只用thatThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited.TheTitanicisthemostdangerousfilmthatI’veeverseen.ThebestonethatI’llchoosewillbeyou.3.当先行词被序数词thefirst,thesecond,thelast等修饰时，只用thatThefirstlessonthatwehavelearnedwillneverbeeasilyforgotten.Thisisthelastclassthatwewillhavethisterm.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时，只用that(someanyfewmuchnoveryonly)Theonlystudentthatmaybeelectedisinourclass.Ihavenoquestionthatwillbeasked.Therewaslittlethatinterestedhimatthemeeting.ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.当先行词既指人又指物时Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.Thecharactersandtheanimalsthatareinthepictureareverynative.Thetrainranoveraboyandhisdogthatwerejustcrossingtherailroad.当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用thatWhoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?Whoistheboythatshookhandswithyoujustnow？Whichisthehotelthatyoustayedatlastmonth?当way做先行词时，关系代词可以有三种形式=1\*GB3①that=2\*GB3②inwhich=3\*GB3③×Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/×youspeaktoyourmotherlikethat.先行词在句中作表语ShanghaiEX：1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes，he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.who

C.which

D.whom2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim？A.which

B.inwhich

C.that

D.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday？A.thatyoubought

B.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtit

D.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagrees

B.whoagreeC.whoagrees

D.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.that

B.it

C.which

who7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who’s

B.whose

C.that

ofwhich.8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which；is

B.whom；was

C.who；is

D.who；was9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.who10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatwelive

B.onwhichweliveC.wherewelivein

D.weliveinⅡ.用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom填空。1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow？定语从句练习：1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.that B.whose C.which D.as4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theone B.which C.who D.whom6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.which B.that C./ D.it7.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.which B.inwhich C.that D.all9.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.this10.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.who B.whom C.which D./11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.A.was B.were C.is D.are12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.A.whom B.who C./ D.he13.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoor B.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoor D.thatlivesnextdoor14.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.which B.whom C.that D.who15.Thefarm_____westayedlastweekisalovelyplaceforaholiday.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.atthat16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.A.what B.which C.as D../17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthat B.when C.where D.there18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?A.where B.inthat C.that D.which19.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.when B.where C.that D.which20.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?A.that B.when C.what D.onthat21.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.A.when B.that C.where D.inwhich22.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.which B.when C.where D.inwhich23.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?A.which B.where C.inwhich D.what25.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.what B.which C.that D.where26.Haveyouseenthegirl_____?A.thatItoldB.ItoldyouofC.whomItoldD.Itoldof28.Finallythethiefhandedineverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.which B.that C.whatD.whatever29.Thelecturespokeofsomewritersandnovels_____wereknowntousall.A.which B.that C.whoD.what30.Icanstillrememberthesittingroom_____mymotherandIusedtositinthe evening.A.what B.which C.that D.where32.Theonlyquestion_____istofindourwayhome.A.thatmattered B.thatmatters C.whichmattered D.matter34.Thefarmersusedwoodtobuildahouse_____graincanbestored.A.withwhich B.whereC.inthat D.which参考答案：I.1-5BBCAC

6-10ABCCDⅡ.1.that2.which/that

3.who/that

4.that/which5.who/whom/thatKeys：1-5ACABA6-10BCCAD11-15CBDDB16-20DCABB21-25.BBADD26-30.BDBBD31-34ABDB定语从句中关系代词的选用往往是很多同学难以掌握的，我们就复习过程中的难点以及关系代词的一些特殊用法加以举例分析：定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句。1）关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that等。2)关系副词：when,where,why等。在定语从句，关系副词=介词+which。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when=在什么时候，where=在什么地方，why=为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。定语从句的作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词或代词，即先行词。定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。一、限定性定语从句二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2.在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于inwhich,atwhich,forwhich或atwhichAttitudestowardsdaydreamingarechanginginmuchthesamewaythat(inwhich)attitudestowardsnightdreaminghavechanged.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。Ilikethemusicfortheveryreasonthat(forwhich)hedislikeit.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。Wearrivedthedaythat(onwhich)theyleft.刚好我们到的那天他们走了。3.有时as也可用作关系代词4.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who,whom代表人，用which代表事物一.who与that指人时的区别：1.非限制性定语从句中，只能用who不能用that。例如：Hismother,whowastired,gavehimalesson.2.指人的代词those习惯用who。例如：Thosewhoareagainstputupyourhands.二.which和that的区别：1只用which,不用that的情况。1)which可用在非限制性定语从句中。例如：Theproject,whichlastedfouryears,costonebilliondollars.这项工程历时四年，耗资十亿美元。2)which可用前置介词宾语。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedthreeyearsago.这是我们三年前住过的那所房子。2只用that，不用which的情况。1)that相当于关系副词when,where,why,intheway＝inwhich。例如：I'llneverforgettheMondaythat/whenyoufirstarrived.我将永远不会忘记你初到的那个星期一！DoyouknowanywherethatIcangetfruit?你知道我能在哪里买到水果吗？Iliketheplacefortheveryreasonthat/whyyoudislikeit.我喜欢那地方的原因，恰恰是你不喜欢它的原因。Hedoesn'tseethingsthewaythat/inwhichweseethem.他看问题跟我们不一样。2)that既可指物，也可指人。例如：Thepeoplethatworkedontheprojectmadeagoodeffort.从事那项工程的人们做了很大努力。3)当主句以here,there开头时，常用that。例如：Hereistheplacethatyou'vebeenlookingfor.这就是你一直找的地方。4)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，常用that。例如：Thefirst(thing)thatshouldbedoneistogetthebook.应该做的第一件事是弄到那本书。ThisisthebestplacethatI'veevervisit-ed.这是我曾参观过的最好的地方。5)当先行词是all,anything,nothing(something除外),none,little,much时，常用that。例如：Isthisallthat'sleft?这就是剩下的所有东西吗？Haveyougotanythingthatbelongstome?你有没有拿过属于我的东西？6)当先行词被no,little,only,very,thelast等修饰时，常用that。例如：Theonlythingthatcouldbedoneistofindourwayhome.唯一能做的事情就是要找到回家的路。7)当先行词是两个或两个以上的词分别表示人和物时用that。例如：Theytalkedabouttheteachersandtheschoolsthattheyknew.他们谈到了他们熟悉的老师和学校。8)在以which，who开头的句子中常用that。例如：Whichisthecarthatkilledtheman?撞死那个男子的小车是哪一辆？9)time是先行词时，前面如有序数词或last修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导或省略。例如：Thisisthelasttime(that)Ishallgiveyoualetter.Thefirsttime(that)Isawhimwaslastyear.三.as用在such...as,thesame...as,so/as...as结构中，as从句后可用省略形式。例如：HereissobigastoneasIcan'tcarryit.这个石头太大了，我搬不动它。Myhometownisnolongerthesame(one)asitwas.我的家乡跟从前不一样了。HelivedaboutthesametimeasShakespeare.他和莎士比亚生活在同一时代。注：在thesame...as,thesame...that中，当as从句和that从句都属定语从句的范畴时，as引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的事物"相似"，即同类事物；that引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的是"同一的"即指同一事物。例如：Thisisthesame(kindof)bagasIlostyesterday.这个包和我昨天丢失的包的样子是同样的。Thisisthesame(＝theverybag)thatIlostyesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。四.which,as的异同：1.as/which都可用在非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语，指整个主句或主句的一部分。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,which/aswasexactlywhatwewanted.这次会议延期了，这正是我们所希望的。Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.这头大象像条蛇，任何人都能看得出这一点。2.as/which都可用在非限制性定语从句中作表语，指代主句中的表语。例如：Shewasverypatienttofriends,as/whichhersisterseldomwas.她对朋友很有耐心，她妹妹很少有耐心。3.as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，其后的动词必须是be或其它连系动词，而which不受此限制。例如：IwatchedtheTVplayyesterday,whichpleasedme.我昨天看了这部电视剧，这使我很高兴。Thepresidentdied,as/whichseemedtrue.那位总统死了，这好像是真的。4.由as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首、句中、句尾，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只可位于句尾。例如：众所周知，并不是所有闪光的东西都是金子。Aseveryoneknows,allthatglittersisnotgold.Allthatglitters,aseveryoneknows，isnotgold.Allthatglittersisnotgold，aseveryoneknows.5.当非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词为beannounced/expected/known/imagined/pointedout/said/reported/shown等被动形式，或usuallyhappen,beoftenthecase等表示主句的习惯性或司空见惯之意时，常用as，而不宜用which。例如：TheChineseareworking-hard,asisknowntoall.中国人是勤劳的，这是众所周知的。Katewaslateforschool,asoftenhappened.凯特上学迟到了，这是她常发生的事。6.which在非限制性定语从句中可以作定语，而as则不行。例如：Myfatheraskedhertosendforadoctorrightaway,whichadviceshetook.我父亲叫她立刻派人请大夫，她采纳了这个建议。7.which在非限制性定语从句中可以作介词的宾语，而as则不行。例如：Icalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichmistakeIapologized.我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他道了歉。8.which可在限制性定语从句中或非限制性定语从句中修饰单个名词，而as则不可以。例如：Theproblem,whichwasdiscussedjustnow，putusinadifficultsituation.ThehousewhichIboughtlastyearisexpensive.我去年买的那所房子很贵。五.which与whose作定语时的区别：which与whose均可以在定语从句中作定语，但是which一般只用在非限制性定语从句中，仅指物，并且要接一个对先行词起概括作用的泛指名词；"whose＋名词"与先行词不表示同一事物或情况。例如：HeisstudyingChinese,whichknowledgeisveryimportantnow.PeterspentthreeyearsinFrance,duringwhichtimehelearntFrench.Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisunoccupied.ItwasanislandwhosenameIhaveforgotten.注：定语从句中whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋ofwhom/which。例如：坐在那边的那个男孩，他哥哥是个教师。Theboy，whosebrotherisateacher,issittingoverthere.＝Theboy,thebrotherofwhomisateacher,issittingoverthere.我们住在那间房里，房间的窗户破了。Weliveintheroom,whosewindowisbroken.＝Weliveintheroom,thewindowofwhichisbroken.强调句型：Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语、表语和状语。一、强调句型的强调部分必须是对that/who之后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把“Itis(was)...that”去掉，该句应该意思完整，不缺任何句子成分.1.Isit_____whowantstoseeyou?（B）A.himB.heC.hisD.himself2.Itwas_____whorespectedalltheirteachers.（C）A.themB.theirC.theyD.themselves3.---WhatisMary?

---Wasit____thatyouwerereferredto?（C）A.heB.sheC.herD.they强调部分如果是人称代词，应根据句子需要选择它的主格或宾格形式It_____MikeandMarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago.（A）A.wasB.areC.wereD.hadbeenIt_____atChristmasthatJohnSmithgaveMaryahandbag.（C）A.musthaveB.willbeC.mighthavebeenD.mayhavehad注意谓语动词形式与整个句子语境的一致性二、强调部分为疑问词时：1._____electricityplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife?（B）A.WhywasitthatB.WhyisitthatC.WhyisitD.Whyitisthat2.Whowasit_____wantedtoseemejustnow?（A）A.thatB.whoC.whenD.when3._____youmettheforeignerfromCanada?（C）A.WhereitwasthatB.Whoitwasthat

C.WherewasitthatD.Wherewasthat强调部分为疑问代词或疑问副词时，该强调句句型结构与特殊疑问句句型相同，即：“疑问词+一般疑问句”三、强调部分为"not...until"句型：1.Itwasnotuntillateintheevening_____herhusbandarrivedhome.（C）A.whichB.whenC.thatD.how2.Itwasnotuntil1920_____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.（C）A.whichB.whenC.thatD.since3.Itwasnot_____shetookoffherdarkglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.（B）A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then注意"not...until"句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：Shedidn'trememberherappointmentwiththedoctoruntilshehadarrivedhome.Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhomethatsherememberedherappointmentwiththedoctor.Notuntilshehadarrivedhomedidsherememberherappointmentwiththedoctor.四、强调部分为介词短语：ItwasthroughJack_____MarygottoknowBob.（D）A.whoB.whomC.howD.thatItwasonOctober1st1949_____newChinawasfounded.（D）A.whichB.whenC.asD.thatWasitinthispalace_____thelastemperordied?（A）A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.whichItwastheschoolgate______Imetanoldfriendofmineafterclass.（C）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why强调部分为介词短语时，表示时间或地点时，应注意与定语从句的区别Itis+被强调部分+that...

该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.

ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...

该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语“直到…才…＂，可以说是not...until...的强调形式。ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.

=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewas

=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffItisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain....)that.....

该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚(显然,