五大基本句型和作文阅读训练

五大基本句型&作文阅读训练PARTONE:初中英语语法五大基本句型英语句子是由主语(subject),谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(objectcomplement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。

句型一：主语+不及物动词

不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。

e.g.Therainstopped.

Theoldmanwalksinthepark.

句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语

e.g.Themachine

works

smoothly.(机器运转正常。)

2.There+不及物动词+主语

e.g.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.

Therecomesthebus.

3.主语+不及物动词+动词不定式

e.g.Theystoppedtotakeashortrest.(他们停下来稍作休息)

特别提醒

动词stop可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时,通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。

e.g.Theystoppedtakingarest.

句型二：主语+系动词+表语

系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。

e.g.Mysisterisanurse.

Ifeelquitehungry.

Theballis

underthedesk.

句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语

及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。

e.g.WearelearningEnglish.

Doyouknowhim?

Yourradioneedsrepairing.

She

hopes

toseeheruncle.

句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。

e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.

Givemethebook,please.

特别提醒

A.在此句型中，通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。

e.g.Hermotherboughtaskirtforher.

Givethebooktome,please.

直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：

give(给),tell(告诉),lend(借给),sell(卖),teach(教),send(寄给),write(写给),show(出示),return(还给),bring(带给),pass(递给),leave(留给),offer(提供),hand(交给)

间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：

buy(买),choose(选择),get(弄到),make(做),order(订购),sing(唱歌),do(做),play(演奏)

B.如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。

e.g.

Ihandedittoourteacher.

不能说：Ihandedourteacherit.

C.此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。

e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.

a.Shewasboughtaskirtbyhermother.

b.Askirtwasboughtforherbyhermother.

句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，副词,动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。

e.g.WeelectedLiYangourmonitor.

Thenewsmadeussad.

Shesawthethiefstealintotheshop.

Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.

Ifoundthemanstealingthemoney.

Ifoundmymoneystolen.

特别提醒

A.现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。

B.在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listento(倾听)，lookat(看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉"to",但变为被动语态时，则要带"to".

e.g.Wehearhersingnextdoor.

Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.

C.此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。

e.g.Theysawhimstealtheoldman'smoney.

Hewasseentostealtheoldman'smoney即学即练：1.e.g.雨停了。一个老人在公园散步。

句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语

e.g.他跑地很快。

2.There+不及物动词+主语

Therecomesthebus.中文翻译

3.主语+不及物动词+动词不定式

e.g.他们停下来稍作休息。4.我妹妹是一个护士。

5.Ifeelquitehungry.

6.Theleavesturngreen.7.Shegoesmadwhensheknowsthenews.8.睡觉有利于身体健康。9.Ilikehimverymuch.10.Iboughtabookyesterday.11.Sheisdrinkingwaternow.12.Shelikeseatingicecream.13.Tomsawafilm.14.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.15..给我一本书。

16.我们听见她在隔壁房间唱歌。Wehearhernextdoor.

被动语态Shesingnextdoor.17.翻译以下句子：1）WhilemostofthemgetusefulinformationandusetheInternettohelpintheirstudies,somearenotusing“it”inagoodway.2）Intoday'shighlyinformationalandtechnologicalenvironment,ithasbecomemoreimportanttohavegoodcommunicationskills.3）That'sbecausemorepeoplenowspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Andtheyuseittocommunicatewithothernon­nativespeakers,especiallyontheInternetwheretheypaylittleattentiontogrammarandspelling.PARTTWO;短语辨析：1．beableto/canbeableto与can都有“会”“能够”的意思。如：Noonecandoit.=Nooneisabletodoit.当表示现在或过去“能力所及”时，两者可通用。Hecan/isabletospeakGerman.Icould/wasabletorunawayfastwhenIwasaboy.但两者用法也有区别：1.beableto侧重强调能力，语气上要比can强一些。可用于多种时态，还可以和某些情态动词连用，其后接不定式。Nooneisabletodoit.Hewasabletoswimwhenhewasquiteyoung.Noonewasabletoanswerthequestion.I’msorryIhaven’tbeenabletoansweryourletter.Theywillbeabletofinishtheworktomorrow.IshallbeabletospeakEnglishwell.Youmightbeabletocatchupwiththem.II.can也可表示能力，这时它和beableto同义，但它只有现在和过去两种时态形式，不能和其它情态动词连用。Look!Icanswimnow.Myfathercouldspeakfivelanguages.III.can还可以表示“请求和允许“，而beableto则不能。CanIcarryyourbag?Canyouhelpme?

即学即练：用can或beableto填空:1.Noone______dothework.2.Hetriedhardand______swimacrosstheriver.3.Mylittlebrother______swimwellwhenhewasonlysix.4.I______finishthebooknextweek.

2．borrow/lend/keep[辨析]这两个动词都有“借”的意思。1)borrow指向别人借东西（借入），常与from连用。即borrowsthfromsb.(somewhere)向某人或某处借某物例如：MayIborrowyourpen?我可以借用一下你的钢笔吗？IborrowedadictionaryfromLiLeiyesterday.我昨天向李磊借了一本字典。Doyouoftenborrowbooksfromthelibrary?你经常从图书馆借书吗？

2)lend指把东西借给别人（借出）。一般后面带双宾语。表示“把某物借给某人”，用lendsbsth=或lendsthtosb例如：Ioftenlendhermoney.我经常借给她钱。Youmustn’tlendittoothers.你一定不要把它借给别人。Thankyouverymuchforlendingthedictionarytome.非常感谢你把词典借给了我。Ihavelostmypen.Wouldyoupleaselendmeyours?我把钢笔弄丢了，你能把你的借给我吗？注意：当sth为代词时，只能说lendsthtosb.不能说lendsbsth例如：Pleaselendittome.(T)Pleaselendmeit.(F)

3)keep指某物能“借”或“保留”多少时间，是持续性动词，而borrow,lend都是短暂性动词。HowlongcanIkeepthebook?这本书我能借多久？I’lllendyoumydictionary,butyoucanonlykeepitforoneday.我将把我的字典借给你，但是你只能借一天。即学即练用borrow,lend和keep填空：1.Wouldyouplease______yourpenciltome?2.I______fiveyuanfromhimyesterday.3.Youmay______thisbookforthreedays.4.I’mgoingto______youmybike.5.CanI______yourruler?6.I______somebooksfromthelibraryyesterday.7.HowlongmayI______thebook?8.He______mehiscarforanhourlastnight.9.MayI______yourbike?10.Who______youthisbook?

3．cross/passcross作动词，意为“横过；越过；穿过”，注意across是介词，不可以与cross昏庸，如：Theycrossedtheroad。他们过了马路。pass作动词，是指从某地、某物或某人的旁边“经过”，也表示从某物内部或人与热、无物与物之间“穿过”，还可以表示时间或空间的“经过“。如：Hepassedthepostofficejustnow.

他刚才经过邮局。

4．cost/pay/spend/take这四个词都可以表示“花费“，但用法有别。cost的主语必须是“物“或”事“后常接life，money，health，time等词。如：Thatsuitcostsme$.那件上衣花掉我6美元。

pay的基本意思是“支付”其后常接for。如：Hepaid$5forthebook.他买这本书花了5美元。

spend的主语必须是“人”宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等，其后接on+名词或接（in）+动名词，但不能接动词不定式。如：Ispentanhourreading。我花了一小时读书。Hespentalotofmoneyonbooks．他花了许多钱买书。

take表示“花费”时，其主语与班是“一件事”，其句型为：Ittakes/took/sb。Sometime/somemoneytodosth。如：Ittakesusanhourtogothere。到那里去我们要花一个小时。5.speak/say/tell/talk

[辨析]这几个词都含有“讲，说”的意思。可是，使用时却各有侧重，不可混淆。1)speak意为“说话，演讲，发言”，是指说话的能力和方式，不注重内容。如一岁多的婴儿多半会说话(speak),而不会谈论什么(say或talk)。常作不及物动词，也可作及物动词，后接某种语言。Whowillspeakatthemeeting?谁将在会上发言？Theboyislearningtospeak.这小孩正在学说话。Howmanylanguagescanyouspeak?你能说多少种语言／PleasespeakinEnglish.请用英语说。

2)say意为“说”，指用言语表达自己的思想，着重述说什么内容（说具体的东西，说单词，句子或说话），多用于引用语之前或之后。Whatdidhesay?他说写什么？Hesaid,“I’msorry,Imustgonow.”他说：“对不起，我现在就得走。”Hesayseverythinghethinks.他想说什么就说什么。

3)talk意为“讲，谈话”。指两人或多人之间的谈话，有较强的对答、对轮意义。另外，talk不像speak指演说或正式发言，而是一般的谈话，交谈。talk一般作不及物动词，也可作名词。Let’ssitdownandtalk.让我们坐下来谈谈。Whatareyoutalkingabout?你们在谈论什么？It’stimeforthemeeting.Stoptalking,please.该开会了，请不要讲话了。MrGreenandJackhadalongtalk.格林先生和杰克进行了一番长谈。

4)tell意为“告诉”，指告诉某人某事，常接双宾语，或讲述一个故事等。例如：Letmetellthegoodnewstoeverybody.让我把好消息告诉大家。Itoldhimtogoon.我吩咐他继续下去。Nobodytoldmetheanswertothequestion.没有人告诉我这个问题的答案。

即学即练:用speak,say,tell或talk填空：1.Theforeignfriends______ussomethingabouttheircountrywhiletheywerehere.2.TheEnglishmandidn’tknowhowto______thiswordinChinese.3.Shewassoscaredthatshecouldn’t______.4.He______thathisclassmate’snamewasJack.5.Iwantto______aboutmyvisittoBeijing.6.Willyouplease______thestoryinEnglish?7.Whenhephonedme,Icouldn’thearclearlywhathe______.8.______up,Ican’thearyou.9.Didshe______shewassorry?PARTTHREE:综合训练：阅读理解：Whenyouarefeelingunhappyorforgethowgreatyouare,therearesixwaystomakeyoufeelgoodaboutyourself.(1)Lookinthemirrorandsaytoyourself,“Iamaspecialpersonandthere’snooneintheworldlikeme.Icandoanything!”Itmaynotsoundsogood,butitreallyworks!(2)Dosomethingniceforsomeone.Helpingothersalwaysmakesyoufeelgood.(3)Smile!Befriendlytopeopleyoumeet.Lookforthegoodthingsinyourfriendsandfamily.(4)Learnsomethingnew!Haveyoualwayswantedtodecorateyourownroomorlearnhowtoswim?Goforit!Newchallenges(挑战)arefunandgiveyouasenseofaccomplishmentwhenyouhavefinished.(5)Readandstartadiary.TurnofftheTVandletyourimagination(想象)fly!Writedownyourthoughts,dreamsoranythingyouwant!Writingalwayshelpstoexpressyourfeelings.(6)Staywithyourfamily.Weallneedourfamilytime.TalkwithyourMumorDadormaybeevenyourcousin.1.Thispassagemaybetakenfrom.A.asciencebookB.astorybookC.amagazineD.schoolrules2.Accordingtothepassage,whenyouarehelpingothers,youwill________.A.bespecialB.besureC.feelniceD.beremembered3..Whatdotheunderlinedwordsin(4)“asenseofaccomplishment”mean?A.成就感B.忧伤感C.挫折感D.信任感4..Whichofthefollowingshouldyousay“No”towhenyouareunhappy?A.Youshouldalwayslookforthegoodthingsofothers.B.Stayaloneathomeasmuchaspossible.C.Learnsomethingnewandgoforit!D.Keepadiarytoexpressyourfeelings.5..Thebesttitle(标题)forthepassageis________.A.DoYourBestB.AlwaysSmiletoYourLifeC.It’sNevertooLatetoLearnD.SixWaystoFeelGoodaboutYourselfTheInternethasbecomepartofteenage(青少年)life.There’sareporton3,375studentsagedfrom10to18insevenChinesecities.Itsaysthat38%ofthembelievetheyusetheInternetoften.WhilemostofthemgetusefulinformationandusetheInternettohelpintheirstudies,somearenotusing“it”inagoodway.Manyareplayingonlinegamestoomuch.Afewevenvisitwebsitestheyshouldnotlookat.BadthingscanhappenifyoungpeoplespendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.InordertohelpyoungpeopleusetheInternetinagoodway,atextbookongoodInternetbehaviorhasstartedtobeusedinsomeShanghaimiddleschoolsthisterm.ItusesrealexamplestoteachstudentsallaboutgoodwaysofusingtheInternet.Itgivesusefuladvicesuchasit’sgoodtoreadnewsorfindhelpfulinformationtostudy.Somestudentsalsomakeonlinefriends.Butifyouaremeetingafriendoffline,letyourparentsknow.Teachersandparentsallthinkthebookisaverygoodidea.Itwillteachstudentshowtobeagoodpersonintheonlineworld.ItwillbeaguideforteensusingtheInternetandkeepstudentsawayfrombadsites.6..Theunderlinedword"it"inthefirstparagraphmeans_________.A.thebookB.thereportC.theInternetD.usefulinformation7..Fromthereport,about________studentsbetween10-18yearsoldinthesevencitiesusetheInternetoften.A.3,375B.1,280C.2,100D.3,0008.WhatdomostofthestudentsdoontheInternet?A.Tomakeonlinefriends.B.Toplayonlinegames.C.Togetusefulinformationtohelpintheirstudies.D.TovisitWebsitestheyshouldnotlookat.9..Whydoteachersandparentsthinkthebookisagoodidea?A.Becauseithelpswiththestudents’studies.B.Becauseitgivesusefulinformationforstudy.C.BecauseitisusedinShanghaimiddleschools.D.Becauseitteachesstudentshowtobeagoodpersonintheonlineworld.10...Choosethebesttitle(标题)forthepassage.A.TheInternetHasBecomePartofTeenageLife.B.StudentsCan’tUsetheInternet.C.BecarefulWhenUsingtheInternet.D.HowtoBeaGoodPerson.二、用括号中所给的词的正确习形式填空1.Howabout_________(go)toAmericanthisterm?2.ThepopulationofBeijing__________(be)about13,000,000.3.Wemusttrytostopthem________(talk)inclass.4.It’sveryinterestingforus_________(read)suchagreatbook.5.Itusuallytakesmehalfanhour___________(walk)toschool.6.Ascientistandwriter__