2024届北京市通州区高三下学期4月模拟考试英语模拟试题（有答案）

2024届北京市通州区高三下学期4月模拟考试英语模拟试题本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Samuelworkedinthetown’sbookstore.Hislifehadbeenpredictableandboring.Butonesunnymorning,thebookstoreowner1thattheshopwouldbeclosingforgood.Samuel’sheartsank,andhefoundhimselffacingan2future.Yetarayofhopeemerged—anopportunitytostartanew.Nothingventured,nothinggained,hethought,3thecouragetobreaknewground.Withanewfounddetermination,Samueldecidedtogoafterhisdreamofbecominga4.Withpeninhandandablankpagebeforehim,Samuelpouredhissouloutontothepaper.He5talesofadventure,loveandself-discovery.Ashewrote,hegavelifetothecharactersthatdancedacrossthepage.6,anunexpectedopportunitypresenteditself.Alocalpublishinghouse,charmedbySamuel’sstories,offeredhima7tosharehiswork.Hetookaleapoffaithandsaidyes!“Outwiththeoldandinwiththenew”becameSamuel’spetphrase.Theonce-shyclerk8aconfidentauthor.Hisbooksfoundtheirwayintothehandsofreadersnearandfar,touchingheartsandigniting（点燃）passions.Samuel’s9didn’tcomewithoutchallenges,butherememberedthesaying,“Whenonedoorcloses,anotheropens."Eachcloseddoorbecameanopportunityforgrowthandasteppingstonetoevengreaterachievements.Witheachbookhecomposed,heturnedoveranewleaf.Hisjourneyremindedeveryonethatstartinganewwasnotjustsurrendering（屈服）totheunknown.Itwasaninvitationto10alifefilledwithpurposeandfulfillment.1．A．permitted B．complained C．admitted D．announced2．A．unusual B．uncertain C．impossible D．unrealistic3．A．gathering B．lacking C．admiring D．recalling4．A．clerk B．painter C．novelist D．publisher5．A．penned B．heard C．provided D．concluded6．A．Frequently B．Eventually C．Obviously D．Normally7．A．chance B．solution C．condition D．right8．A．dependedon B．knewabout C．learnedfrom D．transformedinto9．A．exploration B．curiosity C．success D．dignity10．A．change B．repeat C．create D．evaluate第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AAstrongworkethic（道德）isvitaltoacompany.Certain11（factor）cometogethertocreateastrongworkethic.Asenseofresponsibilityisafactor.Itaffects12anemployeeworks.Whentheemployeefeels13（personal）responsibleforhisjobperformance,heshowsupontimeandcompletesprojectstothebestofhisability.Asenseofteamworkisanotherfactor.Anemployeewithahighsenseofteamworkhelpsateammeetitsgoals.Theseemployeesrespectandhelpeachother,14（make）cooperationgosmoother.BNiagaraFallsisagroupoffalls,15（compose）ofthreefalls.ItreferstotheHorseshoeFallsontheNiagaraRiveroftheCanadiansideandtheAmericanFallsandtheBridalVeilFallsontheNiagaraRiveroftheAmericanside.InthemiddleoftheNiagaraRiverthereisanislandnamedGoatIsland,16dividestheNiagaraRiverintotheHorseshoeandAmericanFalls.Theislandprovidescloseaccess17theHorseshoeandtheBridalVeilFalls.CAfewyearsago,Nikedecidedtocreateanewuniformthatwouldhelpathletestogofaster.Theaimwas18（reduce）windresistance.TheSwiftSuitismale.fromseveraldifferentfabrics.Sinceitscreation,manyworld-classathletes19（run）intheSwiftSuit.ThefamousathleteCathyFreeman20（wear）herfull-lengthgreenandsilversuitwhenshecompetedinthe400metressprint（短跑）attheSydney2000Olympicsandwongold.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AManythingscometomindwhenIthinkofagreatvacation.Impressivesceneryanddeliciousfoodarecertainlyonmylist.Thosetwofeaturescan’talwaysbefoundinthesamelocation.However,amazingviewsandgreatfoodarebothonthemenuatthefollowingthreerestaurants.TheRock.ZanzibarOnanenormousstoneoffthecoastoftheEastAfricanislandofZanzibarsitsTheRock.Thefreshestseafood,muchofitstraightfromthesurroundingocean,isalwaysavailablehere.Freshlobster,prawns,octopussaladandcalamariarejustafewoftheappetizingdiningoptions.Atlowtide,customerscanwalkouttoTheRock.Asthewaterrises,though,customersmusttakeashortboatridetoit.Oncetheyarrive,they’regreetedbyfriendlystaffand360-degreeviewsofbeautifulblue-greenwater.TheRock,sometimescalledthe“floatingrestaurant,”isavailableforweddingsandothersmallgroupevents.TheLabasinWaterfallsRestaurant,PhilippinesStunningwaterfallssometimeshaverestaurantsatthetop.ButtheLabasinWaterfalls,inSanPabloCity,Philippines,aredifferent.Arestaurantsitsatthebottomofthesefalls.GuestsdineonauthenticFilipinomealsatbambootablesthatstandrightinthewater.Theycooltheirfeetinthewaterthatflowsundertheirtables.Thesurroundingjunglemakesaperfectbackgroundforthisone-of-a-kinddiningexperience.TheGrotto,ThailandTheGrottoRestaurantonThailand’sPhraNangBeachoffersdeliciousfoodandanincrediblediningexperience.Therestaurantispartlypositionedinsideacaveandpartlyonthebeach.GuestsseatedtowardthefrontlookoutatHappyIslandinthelovelyAndamanSea.Thoseseatedatthebackenjoyanauthenticcave-diningexperience.Comfortabletablesarearrangedinsidethecave.InternationalfoodwithaThaiinfluenceisfeatured.Foryournexttravel-and-diningadventure,whynotmakeareservationatoneoftheseuniquerestaurants?21．WhatdoweknowaboutTheRock?A．Itislocatedonanenormousship.B．Itissuitableforholdingaweddingcelebration.C．Customerscanwalkouttotherestaurantallthetime.D．Thetablesstandrightinthebeautifulblue-greenwater.22．Whatdothethreerestaurantshaveincommon?A．Customerscanenjoythebeautifulviewsofthesea.B．Shortboatridesareneededtogettotheserestaurants.C．Theyofferthefreshestseafoodfromthesurroundingocean.D．Theyintegratedeliciousfoodwithincrediblediningexperiences.23．Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A．Tocallonreaderstovisittheuniquerestaurants.B．Topresentavailablerestaurantsforreaderstoworkin.C．Tointroducethedeliciousfoodofferedintherestaurants.D．Toremindpeopletotakeabreakfromthebusyschedules.BWhenEmmawokeup,sheknewitwasgoingtobeoneofthosedays.Shefeltunwell—acoldhadtakenholdofher.Still,sheneededtobravethestormofresponsibilitiesatwork.Emmadraggedherselfoutofbedandgotreadyforwork.Thensheputonherraincoatandwentoutintothepouringrain.Asshewalked,shefoughtagainstthebadweather.Emma’sumbrellawasalmostuselessasitwasrainingcatsanddogs.Thenlikeaboltfromtheblue,thewindblewitinsideout.Shewasimmediatelywetfromheadtotoe.Shesaidtoherselfinaquietvoice.“Whatadaytoforgetmyrainboots!”Attheoffice,thedaywasasstormyastheweather.Shehadamountainoftasks.Handlingendlessemailsandphonecallsshouldhavebeenalightwind.Butbeforelong,shewasdesperatetotakeabreaksoshecouldgetasecondwind.Then,atexactlythemoment,hercoworkerAlexcametoherrescue.Alexwasnotafair-weatherfriendbutwasalwaysreadytolendahand.Withawarmsmile,heofferedtohelpEmma.HavingAlexassistherwaslikearayofsunshineonarainyday.Theirlaughterandgood-fellowshipastheycompletedtheirtasksmadethehourspassquickly.Onherwayhome,Emmareflectedontheday,whichhadendedupbeingsurprisinglypleasant.Sherealizedthateveryclouddidindeedhaveasilverlining.Today,thatsilverlininghadbeenherwonderfulcolleague,Alex.WhenEmmaarrivedhome,shedecidedtosendAlexaheartfeltmessageofappreciation.Shewrote,“Thanksforbeingmyrayofsunshineinthisrainyday!”Itwasasimplemessage,butitcarriedalotofmeaning.Thatnight,listeningtoitraincatsanddogsoutside,Emmacouldn’thelpbutsmile.ShehadweatheredthestormwithAlex’shelp.24．WhydidEmmagettotallywet?A．Becausesheforgottotakeherumbrella.B．Becauseshedidn’twearherraincoat.C．Becauseherrainbootswerebroken.D．Becausethewindwastoostrong.25．WhathappenedtoEmmaandAlexattheoffice?A．Theyfinishedtheassignmentswithjoy.B．Theytookabreaktorefreshthemselves.C．Theytalkedabouttheweatherwhileperformingtasks.D．AlexcametorescueEmmabecauseshewasindinger.26．HowdidEmmafeelatlast?A．Gratefulandwarm. B．Pleasedandamused.C．Shockedandconfused. D．Confidentanddetermined.27．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．Saveforarainyday. B．Hardworkpaysoff.C．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.CMemoriesarefunny,aren’tthey?Youcanbegoingalong,mindingyourbusiness,andthen,allofasudden,amemorypopsintoyourhead.Sometimesmemoriesaretriggered（触发）byasongthatremindsyouofthesettingwhereyoufirstheardit.Oritmaybeasmellthatmakesyouthinkofadeliciousmealwithyourfriendsorfamily.Perhapshearingkidsarguingmakesyourememberanunhappysituationwithchildhoodfriends.Thesespontaneous（自发的）memoriescanhe“sweet,”ortheymightbe“sour.”Didyoueverwonderwhat’sgoingoninyourbrainthatmakesyourmemoriesproducepositiveornegativeemotions?ResearchersattheSalkInstituteforBiologicaStudiesinCaliforniahavemadeadiscoverythatcouldhelptouncoverthissecret.Theexplanationisabittechnical（forthoseofuswhoarenotbrainscientists）,butbasicallyitallfocusesonasinglemolecule（分子）calledneurotensin（神经降压素）.Oursurroundingenvironmentisconstantlypresentingourbrainwithstimuli（刺激）.Themoleculeneurotensinactsasakeyindicatorofwhetheranexperienceislabeledaspositiveornegative,dependingonthenatureofthestimuli.Ourbrainsubsequentlyassociatessimilarstimuliwiththepleasantorpainfulmemorythatweexperienced.ThestudybytheSalkInstitutewaspublishedinthejournalNature.Thefocusoftheirexperimentswasthebraincircuitryoflaboratorymice.Afterasoundwasplayed,themicereceivedeitherapleasantswallowofsugarywateror,anunpleasantelectricalshockorpuffofair.TheresearchersdiscoveredthatneurotensinwasthesignalthatassociatedthesoundwithrewardorwithpunishmentWhenthegene（基因）thatregulatesneurotensinwasremovedfromthemice’sbrains,theyhadmoredifficultyconnectingthesoundwiththesugarywater.However,thenegativeresponseswereenhanced.Understandinghowneuronsinthebrainrespondtoneurotensincouldhaveinfluencesonone’smentalhealth.Addictionsmaybecausedbyoverlyhighlevelsofneurotensin（connectedwithpositiverewards）.Ontheotherhand,depressionandanxietycanresultwhendecreasedlevelsofneurotensinallownegative.responsestodominate.Thus,regulatingneurotensincould.helptomaintainmentalstability.Oneotherthing:Theresearchstudyshowedthatthebrainmaytendtobeapessimist,focusingonfearfulmemoriesthatcausenegativeemotionalresponses.Perhapsinsightsintoneurotensinwillhelpushavefewersourmemoriesandmoresweetones.28．Whatisthefunctionofneurotensin?A．Toprovideourbrainwithstimuli. B．Toindicatethecategoryofanexperience.C．Tofocusonthesurroundingenvironment. D．Toassociatethestimuliwithourmemory.29．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Addictionsandanxietymayberelatedtodifferentlevelsofneurotensin.B．Themiceweregivenbothsugarywaterandanelectricalshockafterhearingasound.C．Asthegenewhichcontrolsneurotensindisappeared,thenegativeresponsesdecreased.D．Thebrainprefersconnectingwithfearfulmemorieswhichproduceunexpectedemotions.30．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Whathappensinourbraintoformourmemory.B．Whatthediscoveryofmemorycandoformentalhealth.C．Howbrainconnectsourmemorywithdifferentemotions.D．Howweregulateneurotensintomakeushavegoodemotions.DInthisageofsocialmedia,everyonehasfollowedthereviewtrend.Nearlyeverybusinessorwebsitepersuadescustomerstoleavereviewsastheycandrivetraffictothesiteorbusiness.TheonlinebusinessdirectoryYelp,whichgets178millionmonthlyvisitors,invitesanyonewithacellphonetoleaveareviewofabusinessorrestaurant.Butbynomeansarenegativereviewsalwayshonest.Somepeoplethreatentogiveabadreviewtoextort（敲诈）discountedorfreefoodfromarestaurant.Somethenfollowthroughwhentheirdemandsarenotmet.Buttherearetwosidestoeverystory.OneDenverchefdecidedtorespondtobadreviewsathisrestaurant.Asitturnedout,somecustomerswholeftbadreviewsdeservedbadreviewsthemselves.Onecustomer’sterriblereviewclaimedthatthefoodattherestaurantwassoawfulthathedidn’teatasinglebite.Thecheflookedthroughthemonitorandfoundclearevidencethathehadeateneverybite!Inresponse,thechefcalledoutthedissatisfiedcustomerinhisownnegativereview.Sincethechefstartedrespondingtoallhisnegativereviews,businessathisrestauranthasnearlydoubled.Tellingpeoplewhatyouthinkofthemastheresultofabadreviewcanbackfireonyou,especiallywhenabadreviewisjustified.Reviewsareimportantbecause94percentofdinersreadonlinereviewsbeforetheydecidewheretoeat.Butbadreviewsappearformanyreasons.Thereviewermaybehavingabadday,orthechefmaybesickandthesubstitute（代替者）couldn’tfillhisshoes,sothecuisinesuffered.Orperhapstheservicewasn’tasgoodasusual.Theworst-casesceneisthatthereviewerwantstopunishtherestaurantonpurposeforsomeslight,realorimagined.Sooneortwobadreviewsneedtobetakenwithagrainofsalt.Manynegativereviews,however,indicateaproblem.Sowhatisarestauranteurtodo?Firstgiveanhonestassessmentofanynegativereviews.Takeastepbackandaskifthewriterhasmadeanyvalidpoints.Arethereareasforimprovement?Iftheanswerisyes,makeadjustments.Reviewersthemselvesneedtobehonestandconstructive.Thegoalshouldbetoimprovethesituation,notjustblowoffsteam.31．TheauthormentionsYelpinParagraph1to______.A．introducethetopic B．predicttheendingC．evaluateanargument D．supportastatement32．Regardingnegativereviewstorestaurants,theauthoris______.A．positive B．objective C．negative D．doubtful33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“valid”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A．Philosophical. B．Identical. C．Reasonable. D．Legal.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhotoBeResponsibleforBadReviews? B．WhentoRespondtoBadReviews?C．HowtoCriticiseBadReviews? D．WhattoDowithBadReviews?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Beforeyouheadouttoafuneventwheretherewillbemanypeople,youshouldbeawareofthedangersofacrowdcrush（拥挤的人群）,whosepossibilityaddsupduringthefestivalsoronsomecelebratingoccasions.Thoughtheriskofcrowdcrushisrare,itcanbedeadlywhenithappens.Crowdcrushoccurswhenmanypeoplearepackedtogetherandbegintofalloveroneanother.Inthepast,suchinstanceshavecausedhorribleinjuryandevendeath.35Beforeattendingacrowdedevent,lookupamapofthevenue.36Onceyouarrive,choosingtherightspotcanbecrucial.Avoidthemiddleorfront;instead,pickthebackoredgesofacrowd.Itsalsoimportanttotrustyourfeelings.Stayawaretoseeifyoufeelpackedinatanypoint.Themorecrowdedtheeventbecomes,thesooneryoumayneedtomovetoasafeplace.37Themostimportantthingyoucandoisstayonyourfeet.Todothis,spreadyourfeetapartandbendyourkneesalittle.Alsomakesuretomovewiththeflowofthecrowd.Tryingtomoveagainstacrowdofpeoplewillonlyendindisaster.Helpingothersisanothergreatwaytokeepeveryonesafe.Onceonepersonfallsdown,morepeopletendtofalloverthem.38Acommoncauseofdeathinacrowdcrushisn’tbeingcrushedbutratherlosingairIt’sbesttoholdoutyourarmsinfrontofyourchest.39Italsoprotectsyourchestandlungsfrombeingcrushedonthegroundshouldyoufall.Thereisusuallyfunwherethecrowdsare,soenjoyyourself.Butmeanwhile,itisalsoimportanttoremembertostayalertandtakecareofyourfamilymemberswhenyousensethesmellofdanger.A．Ifyoudoendupinacrush,here’showyoucanstaysafe.B．Thisallowscebetweenyouandthepersoninfrontofyou.C．Soifyourneighborinthecrowdfallstotheground,helpthemup.D．Seekingforasaferplacetakessometimeandissometimeschallenging.E．Toavoidsuchanoutcome,it’sbesttoescapethecrushbeforeithappens.F．Theshortageofairmeanslessoxygen,whichwillleadtoseriousconsequences.G．Thiswillgiveyouanideaofthesurroundings—payspecialattentiontoanyexits.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Frombirth,everypersonneedsotherhumanbeings.Babiesneedtobecaredfortosurvive.Theirfirstconnectionsusuallycomefromparentsandotherfamilymembers.Butaschildrengrowup,theyspendmoretimewithothers.Andtheymayormaynotfeelconnectedtothepeopletheyseeeveryday.Somepeoplefeeldifferentfromorrejectedbytheirneighbors,peopletheyworkwithoreventheirfamilies.Peoplewhodon’tfeelliketheybelongoftenfeellonely,evenwhenothersarearound.Peoplefinddifferentwaystomeettheirnaturaldesiretobelongtoagroup.Somerelyontheirfamilieswhileothersfindcommunitiesbasedonotherinterests.Thesecanincludesharedgoals,lifeexperiencesorpopularculture.Youneedothersformanyreasons.Communitymemberscanofferadviceorpracticalhelpwhenyougothroughdifficulttimes.YoucanalsogrowasapersonfromhelpingothersSowhatcanyoudoifyoulackasenseofbelonging?Thefirststepwillusuallybetomakeaconsciousefforttoreachouttoothers.Youcouldjoingroupsbasedoninterestsyoushare.Oryoucouldcontactanindividualwithwhomyouhavesomethingincommonanddecidewhentomeetup.Thismaybeuncomfortableatfirst,butaswithmostthings,itbecomeseasierwithpractice.Focusingonothersmorethanonyourselfmayhelp.Askquestionsthatshowyoucareaboutothers’lives.Thiswillhelpthemfeelvalued.Ifyouareshy,itwillreyoufromhavingtotalkaboutyourselftoomuch.Findingcommunityrequiresawillingnesstoacceptothers.Butitisalsoimportanttoremaintruetoyourself.Ifapersonalwayshideshisorhertruethoughtsandfeelingstofitin,howcouldheorshefeelasenseofbelonging?Anditwillbemucheasierifyouaskyourselfwhatmattersmosttoyou.Findingaplacewhereyoubelongmaynotbeeasy.Butitwillhelpyouliveahappier,morefulfilledlife.Soifyouaretheonelookingforit,don’tlosehearteasilysinceittrulydeservestheeffort.40．Wherearebabies’firstconnectionsusuallyfrom?__________________