2023年6月上海高考英语卷试题真题答案解析（含作文范文+听力原文）

2023年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷答案解析ListeningComprehension（第1-10题,每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Everymorningat6:00. B.EveryThursdayafternoon.C.Everydayat6:00p.m. D.EveryTuesdaymorning. 2.A.Dishwasher. B.Dryer. C.Kitchenappliances. D.Hisownlamps.3.A.Shecanbearwalkingdogs. B.RabbitssuitherlifestylemostC.Sheprefersrabbitstocats. D.Shedoesn'tlikecats. 4.A.Themusicinthenextroomdisturbedhisrest.B.Theroomhelivesinisleakingwater.C.Hewantsthefrontdeskstafftohelphimordertakeout.D.Heencountereddangerinhisownroom.5.A.Takesomeguitarlessons. B.GotoFrance. C.Spendmoretimeatwork. D.Eatmorechocolates. 6.A.Readingabookisbetterthanseeingamovie.B.Seeingamoviedoesn'tdeservethemoney.C.Joiningabookclubiseconomical.D.It'snevertoolatertoreadbooks.7.A.Eatmorenaturalfood. B.Eatmorepackagedfood. C.Eatlessvegetablesticks. D.Eatmorechips. 8.A.It'shottohaveaspringoutingnow.B.It'sstrangetopostponethespringouting.C.Itiswisetopostponethespringouting.D.Itmaybecolderattheendofthismonth.9.A.Theyshouldhavearrivedanhourearlier.B.Hedoesn'tenjoythedesignofthefireworksC.ThefireworksshowstartedanhourlaterthanplannedD.Theexperiencewasfarfromsatisfactory10.A.Themanisworththepromotion.B.Theman'sworkisfinallyrecognizedC.ThemanisthebestfitforthepositionD.ThemanhasbeenundervaluedSectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestionswillbereadtwice,butthequestionwillbespokenonlyonethefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingtalk.1l.A.Toavoidfireaccidents. B.Toavoidsmokeandnoise.C.Toaccommodatemorerubbish. D.Tomakeroomforactivities.12.A.Theywereusuallystoredundergroundtokeepthemfresh.B.Theywerekeptinrefrigeratorstopreventthemgoingbad.C.Theyweretransportedfromthekitchentosavetime.D.Theywerepickedfreshfromthecastlegardenasneeded.13.A.LifeinEurope. B.Thecastlekitchen.C.Foodinthecastle D.Developmentsofcastles.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingtalk.14.A.Itismoreeconomicalandmoreefficient.B.ItismorepopularandmoreeffectiveC.Itismoredifficultandmorevaluable.D.Itismorecomplicatedandmoreexcellent15.A.Brandmessagesinonlinevideoads.B.Non-brandcontentsinonlinevideoads.C.BrandmessagesinTVads.D.Non-brandcontentsinTVads.16.A.Theimportanceofbrands. B.Anewe-bookguide.C.Digitaladvertising. D.Strategiesofadvertising.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Sheismisunderstoodbyherfriend.B.Sheisn'tgettingalongwellwithherroommate.C.Shehastroublemakingnewfriendsinnewplaces.D.Shedoesn'twanttobefriendswithMaryanymore18.A.Shedoesn’tlikebeingfriendswithJane.B.ShemakesJanefeelbadonpurpose.C.Shefailstodopartofherduty.D.Shewillsurelychangeherbehavior.19.A.ShecanstilltolerateMary.B.Shedoesn'tthinkMarywillchange.C.SheisafraidshewilloffendMary.D.Sheisafraidoflosingthisfriend.20.A.Forgetaboutthetrivialthings.B.TellMarythroughathirdperson.C.TellMarydirectlyaboutherfeelings.D.Don'tbefriendswithMarryanymore.【听力答案】1~10.BDCAACABDA11~13.ADB14~16.BAC17~20.BCDC【备注】听力文字稿附文档末尾GrammarandVocabulary（每题1分；共20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Onceuponatime,intheheartofAfrica,therewasakingwho(2l)__________(know)forhiswisdomandcourage,HisnamewasMosi,meaning"smoke"inhisnativetongue.Hehadcomealongway(22)__________(watch)overhiskingdom,(23)__________(assume)thethrone(王权)atayoungage.Oneday,adisputearoseinthekingdom,Twofarmerswerearguingabouttheownershipofapieceofland,Theycouldnotsettlethematterthemselves(24)__________eachclaimedthelandwastheirs.ThecasewasbroughtbeforeKingMosi,whowasknownforhisfairjudgments.Thekinglistenedtobothsidesofthestory.Hethenasked,"Whoamongyoucantellme.howmanyseedsareinthefruitofthebaobabtree?"Thefarmerslookedateachother,puzzled.Theydidnotknowtheanswer.KingMosicontinued,“Justasyoucannottellmethenumberofseedsinthebaobabfruit,youcannotprove(25)__________thislandbelongsto.Therefore,ldecreethatthislandshallbesharedbetweenyou.Youwillworkonittogetherandsharethefruitsofyourlaborequally.”Thefarmersweretakenabackbytheking'swisdom.Theyagreedtotheking'sdecisionandthankedhimforhisfairjudgment.Fromthatdayforward,they(26)__________worktogetheronthelandandbecamethebestfriends.ThepeopleofthekingdomadmiredKingMosi'swisdom.Theywouldremain(27)__________(seat)forhours,listeningtohiswisewordsandlearningfromhisjudgments.ThestoryofKingMosi'swisdomspreadfarandwide,andhewasrespectedbyallwhoheardabouthim.Andso,kingMosicontinuedtorulehiskingdomwithwisdomandfairness,earning(28)__________aplaceintheannals(编年史)ofhistory,Hisstoryisareminderof(29)__________wisdomcanbring(30)__________peaceandharmony.Itisastorythathasbeenpasseddownthroughgenerations,atestamenttoKingMosi'senduringlegacy.ThisisthestoryofKingMosi,awiseandjustrulerwhomadeasignificantimpactonhiskingdomanditspeople,Hisstorycontinuestoinspireandteachvaluablelessonsaboutleadershipandjustice【答案】21.wasknown22.towatch23.assuming24.because25.who/whom26.could27.seated28.himself29.how30.about【导读】这是关于非洲国王莫西的故事，他以智慧和公正闻名。当两个农民争夺土地所有权时，他以提问猴面包树果实种子数量的方式解决了纠纷，展现了公平和智慧。他的故事传播开来，成为领导和公正的典范。【详解】21.wasknown【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构，此句为therebe句型，主句谓语动词是was。Who..andcourage为who引导的定语从句，空格处为从句的谓语动词，此处意为!“被人们所知道”，beknownfor意为“因……而出名”，而且主句中的谓语为一般过去时,所以应该填wasknown。22,towatch【解析】考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,空格前的主语和谓语为Hehadcome判定空格处为非谓语结构。再根据句意判定，该空所在的位置需要填入动词不定式作目的状语，表示“他走过了很长的路来监视他的王国”，因此填towatch。23.assuming【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，空格前的句子的谓语是hadcome,且空格的提示动词前有逗号，判定此处为非谓语结构。根据句意该空需要填入一个非调语动词来表示主语He的行为，同时这个行为与主句中的hadcomealongway是同时发生的，因此应该使用现在分词assuming，表示伴随。24.because【解析】考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空格前是主调宾结构的简单句，空格后是含宾语从句的句子，因此这里需要填入一个连词。又根据上下文提及的Theycouldnotsettlethematterthemselves和eachclaimedthelandwastheirs可推知“他们自己无法解决这个问题是因为他们每个人都声称这块土地是他们的”，because表示原因，故此处填入because。25.who/whom【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构，该空引导的宾语从句作prove的宾语且该宾语从句中缺少宾语,结合上下文内容,这里需要填入一个指代人的关系代词,表示“土地属于谁”，故此处填入who/whom。26.could【解析】考查情态动词。分析句子结构可知，该句不缺少成分，且谓语动词为原型，故考虑情态动词，结合上下文内容可推知，此处想要表述的是“因为国王的决定，他们能够(could)在一起工作，成为最好的朋友”，故此处填入could。27.seated【解析】考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，这里需要填入一个形容词或动词的故去分词作表语,“remain+过去分词"表示“某人或某事物仍保持某种状态”，而seated是seat的过去分词转化而来的形容词，意为“坐着的”，故此处填入seated。28.himself【解析】考查反身代词。分析句子结构可知,该空处需要填入代词或名词作earning的宾语，又结合句意推知，此处想要表述的是“因此，摩西国王继续以智慧和公平统治他的王国，使他自己(himself)在历史史册上赢得了一席之地”，故该空处填入himself。29.how【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空处需要填入一个可以引导宾语从句的连词，且从句中不缺少主干成分，又根据相关句意推知，此处想要表述的是“他的故事给了我们一个关于智慧是如何带来和平与和谐的提醒”，how有“如何”之意，故此处填入how。30.about【解析】考査介词。Bringabout意为“导致;引起”，故该空填入about。SectionBDirections:ineachblankwithathebox.Eachcanbeonlyonce.NotethatisoneyouA.unworkableB.indicativeC.polarD.promisingE.quantityF.requestsG.contentH.visionI.evaluatingJ.unmetK.subscribingBrainstormingisacreativeprocessthatcanhelpgeneratenewandinnovativeideastosolvecomplexproblems.Itinvolvesbringingtogetherindividualsfromdiversebackgroundsandperspectivestosharetheirideasfreelyandbuilduponeachother'scontributions.However,tomakethemostofthisprocess,itisimportanttocreateanenvironmentthatencouragesactiveparticipationandcollaboration.Herearesomekeyprinciplestokeepinmindwhenconductingabrainstormingsession.Firstly,itisimportanttohaveaclearvisionorgoalforthebrainstormingsession.Thiswillhelpguidethediscussionandensurethatallideasgeneratedarerelevanttothetopicathand.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtosharetheirthoughtsandideasfreely,withoutfearofjudgmentorcriticism.By(31)________toeachother'sideas,individualscanbuildoneachother'scontributionsandcreateamorecomprehensiveunderstandingoftheproblem.When(32)________thequalityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession,itisimportanttoconsiderboththequantityandthe(33)________.Whileahighquantityofideascanbebeneficial,itismoreimportanttofocusonthequalityoftheideasandhowwelltheyalignwiththegroup'ssharedvision.Ideasthatare(34)________orirrelevanttothegroup'sgoalsshouldbediscardedinfavorofthosethataremore(35)________.Itisalsoimportanttohonor(36)________formoreinformationorclarificationonaparticularidea.Thiscanhelpthegroupbetterevaluatetheideaanddeterminewhetheritalignswiththeirsharedvision.Ifanideaisdeemedunworkableorneedsare(37)________comprehensively,itisimportanttorecognizethisandmoveontootherideasthatmaybemorefeasible.Inadditiontoevaluatingthequalityofideas,itisimportanttoconsiderthecontentofthediscussion.Thebrainstormingsessionshouldbefocusedongeneratingnewideasandsolutions.ratherthanrehashingoldones.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtothinkcreativelyandoutsidethebox,andtoavoidgettingboggeddowninthedetails.The(38)________ofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsessioncanalsobeanimportantfactortoconsider.Whileahighquantityofideasisnotalwaysindicativeofasuccessfulsession,itcanhelpensurethatallpossibilitiesareexploredandconsidered.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtogenerateasmanyideasaspossible,withoutworryingaboutwhethertheyarepracticalorfeasible.Ultimately,thesuccessofabrainstormingsessiondependsonthegroup'sabilitytoworktogethertowardsashared(39)________.Bycreatingacultureofsubscribingtoeachother'sideasandevaluatingthembasedontheirqualityandrelevance,wecangenerateinnovativesolutionstocomplexproblemsthatbenefitsocietyasawhole.Brainstormingisapowerfultoolthatcanhelpusovercomethe(40)________thatplaguesoursociety,andcreateamorecollaborativeandcreativefuture.【答案】31.K32.I33.G34.A35.D36.F37.J38.E39.H40.C【导读】本文介绍了开展头脑风暴的关键原则。要成功地进行头脑风暴，必须创造一个鼓励积极参与和协作的环境，并且明确会议的目标和愿景。参与者应该自由地分享他们的想法，而不用担心评判或批评。文章还提到了如何评估头脑风暴中产生的想法的质量和数量，以及如何集中讨论新的想法和解决方案。最终，成功的头脑风暴取决于团队合作实现共同目标的能力。【详解】31.K[解析]分析句子结构可知，该空处需要填入动的-ing形式，结合相关选项并根据该空后热及的individualscanbuildoneachother'scontributionsandcreateamorecomprehensiveunderstandingoftheproblem可推知，此处想要表达的是“通过认同(subscribing)别人的观点，个人可以在彼此贡献的基础上，对问题有更全面的理解”，故选K。subscribev.捐助;签署;订阅;同意。32.I[解析]分析句子结构可知，该空需要填入动词的分词形式，结合空格后提及的thequalityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession(对于头脑风暴期间产生的想法的质量)可推知，该空应该填入评判类的词，故此处想表述的是“在评估(evaluating)头脑风暴期间产生的想法的质量时”，故选I。evaluate.评价:评估。33.G[解析]连词and连接并列成分，and前为名词，因此该空处需要填入名词。结合上文提及的thequalityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession可推知不仅仅要重视这些想法的数量质量，而且要重要审核这些想法的内容。句意为:“在评估头脑风暴会议期间产生的想法的质量时，重要的是要考虑数量和内容(content)”，故选G。Contentn.内容;目录;含量;成分。34.A[解析]根据系动词are和连词or及irrelevant可知，该空需要填入形容词。结合该空之后提及的irrelevanttothegroup'sgoals可推知，此处想要表述的是“不可行(unworkable)或与团队目标无关的想法应该被抛弃”，故选A。unworkableadj.不可行的;行不通的:不切实际的。35.D[解析]根据系动词are和比较级标志more可知，该空需要填入形容词。结合上文提及的“需要放弃与团队目标不相符的想法”推知，此处需要填入的是“应该接受什么样的观点”，D项与上文所填词语含义有反差，即此处的意思为“那些与团队目标无关的想法应该被抛弃，取而代之的是那些更有前途的(promising)想法”，故选D。promisingadj,有希望的:有前途的。36.F[解析]结合连词or之后的clarification推知，该空需要填入名词。再根据该空之后提及的formoreinformationorclarificationonaparticularidea以及该段相关内容可以推知,此处想要表达的是“在头脑风暴过程中尊重相关要求和闸明观点也很重要”。句意为:“同样重要的是，满足获得更多信息的要求(requests)或明一个特定想法”。故选F。requestsn.要求;需要;申请书。37.J[解析]分析句子结构可知，该空需要填入形容词，结合相关选项和该空前提及的Ifanideaisconsideredunworkable推知，此处想要表述的是“如果一个想法被认为是不可行的，或者需求没有得到全面满足(unmet)，那么重要的是要认识到这一点，并转向其他可能更可行的想法”，故选J。unmetadj.未满足的:未相遇的:未应付的。38.E[解析]结合下句提及的Whileahighquantityofideasisnotalwaysindicativeofsuccessfulsession,itcanhelpensurethatallpossibilitiesareexploredandconsidered.和下文相关内容可推知，该段讲述的内容与头脑风暴产生的观点的数量有关。句意为:“头脑风暴会议期间产生的想法数量(quantity)也是一个需要考虑的重要因素”。故选E。quantityn.数量数额:大量;众多。39.H[解析]根据空格前的冠词a可知，该空需要填入可数名词的单数形式，又结合该空后趣及的Bycreatingacultureofsubscribingtoeachother'sideasandevaluatingthembasedontheirqualityandrelevance,wecangenerateinnovativesolutionstocomplexproblemsthatbenefitsocietyasawhole.可知，这句是对上句内容的解释，再结合选项推知，此处想表达的意思是“最终，头脑风暴的成功取决于团队为实现共同愿景(vision)而共同努力的能力”，故选H。visionn.视力:视野;远见卓识。40.C[解析]根据空格前的the和空格后的名词可知，该空需要填入形容词，再结合该空之后捷及的thatcausesoursocietyphysicalandmentaldisturbances,andcreateamorecollaborativeandcreativefuture可推知，要创造更具协作性和创造性的未来需要克服一些相反的观点，即此处句意为“头脑风暴是一种强大的工具，可以帮助我们克服造成我们社会的两极(polar)现象，创造一个更具协作性和创造性的未来”，故选C。polaradj.极地的:磁极的:完全相反的。III.ReadingComprehension(共45分。41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontextDoctorsarescientistswho

operate

inaworldof

statistics,

odds

and

probability.Yetthey’velongbeentaughtthat

whendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveya

reassuring

levelofconfidenceandcertainty.(41)______,patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemaclear

diagnosis

anda

straightforward

courseoftreatment.But

nowthat

informationabouteverymedicalconditionimaginableisjustafewclicksaway,expertsareasking

whetherdoctors'

apparent

(42)

_____

whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactually

doesmoreharmthangood.

With

theinformationoverloadbrought

bythe

progress

ofmedicineand

technologyanswersare

(43)

______

blackorwhite.Medicalschoolsareonlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpatients'

expectationshaven't(44)

______,

either.“Medicinehasalways

fallenshortofthesortof

certaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry”,

saysDr.RossUpshur,

a

researcherattheDallaLanaSchoolofPublicHealthinToronto.“Ifyouthinkaboutknowledgeandwhatitdoes,

it’sabout

(45)

______

uncertainty,notaboutcreatingcertainty.”Doctorsintraining,

likegamblers,needto

be(46)

______

workingin

afieldinwhichthey’reconstantly

weighingtheodds

basedonamyriadoffactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedicalstudents

howto

diagnose

anailment(小恙),hetellsthemto(47)

______

their

inquiry

comeupwith

alistofpossibilities,

ratherthanquickly

homeinon

asinglesolution.“Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthinkisfirm,

youusually

don’thavecertaintyaboutwhatwouldbethebest(48)

______

andwhatthe

outcomes

willbe

inthelongrun.”Technology

hashelped

(49)

______

thequest

forcertainty.Wearereachingapointwherewecanfeeda

listof

symptoms

intoacomputerandgetamore(50)

______

diagnosisthanfromadoctor.Dr.Richard

Schwartzstein,aprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,seessuchdevelopmentsasbotha/an(51)

______

andanopportunity.Ononehand,hesays,“technologytriestopushyoutoa/an(52)

______

levelofcertainty.Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.”Ontheotherhand,computerscan’t(53)

______

a

diagnosis

ora

treatment

topatientsina

comfortingway.Take

aroutine

screening

test

forearly-stagelungcancer.Basedonyourage,yoursmoking

status,andyourgender,acomputercandoagreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule(癌症结节).Itcanalso(54)

______

quite

precisely

theriskofdevelopinganactualcancerbasedonthesizeandshapeofanodule.Whatitcan’t

do,(55)

______,isdecidehowto

breakthenews

thatyouhaveanoduleinyourlungthathasa1

percent

chanceofbecomingacancer.A.Onthehand B.AfterwordsC.AsaresultD.Aboveall42.A.victim B.instance C.transparency D.certainty43.A.frequentlyB.generally C.rarely D.mainly44.A.adored B.transformed C.faded D.adjusted45.A.limiting B.hitting C.threateningD.assembling46.A.comparedwith B.accountedfor C.accustomedto D.annoyedat47.A.cover B.train C.clarify D.broaden 48.A.identify B.cure C.defend D.cause 49.A.enlighten B.redefine C.commit D.guarantee 50.A.accurate B.plain C.serious D.remedial 51.A.challenge B.encounter C.conversation D.dispute 52.A.dangerous B.maximal C.unfavorable D.contrasting 53.A.stuff B.hint C.communicate D.indicate 54.A.conclude B.understand C.assume D.calculate55.A.however B.therefore C.moreover D.hence【答案】41~45.CDCDA46~50.CDBBA51~55.ABCDA【导读】文章讨论了医生在与病人交流时传达自信和确定性的重要性，然而，随着医学和技术进步带来的信息爆炸，专家们开始质疑医生与病人交流时的表面确定性是否对病人造成更多伤害。医学院只是开始教导医生如何处理这个问题，而病人的期望也没有明确。医生并不像数学和几何学那样具备确定性，而是需要不断权衡各种因素来做出决策。技术在一定程度上提供了确定性，但无法像医生那样以安慰人心的方式给出诊断和治疗建议。虽然计算机可以评估肺部结节的癌症风险，但它无法决定如何告知患者肺部有1%的机会变成癌症。因此，医生需要在不确定性中进行决策，并通过人性化的交流方式向患者传递信息。【解析】41.C【解析]此题考查上下文的逻辑关系。上文提到，医生应该给病人一个确定的诊断和治疗方案，而该空后提到，患者希望医生能给他们一个明确的诊断和简单的治疗过程。因此，此处能够承接上下文的只有C项，asaresult意为“所以;结果(是)”，故选C。onthehand一方面:afterwordsadv.后来;asaresult所以;结果(是):aboveall最重要的是:尤其是。42.D【解析]结合上文提及的Doctorsarescientistswhooperateinaworldofstatistics,oddsandprobability.Yetthey'velongbeentaughtthatwhendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveyareassuringlevelofconfidenceandcertainty.可知此处提及的内容与医生在治疗过程中的明确性沟通相关，再结合相关选项，此处与“确定性”能够产生联系的选项只有D项。句意为:“但现在，只要点击几下鼠标，就可以获得关于每一种可以想象的医疗状况的信息，专家们正在询问，医生在与患者沟通时的明显确定性(certainty)是否真的弊大于利”。故选D。victimn.受害者:牺牲品:instancen.例子，实例;情况;transparencyn.透明;透明度:透明性:certaintyn.确定:必然性。43.C【解析]结合选项及上下文expertsareaskingwhetherdoctors'apparentcertainty--whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.可知，专家们也在研究和询问医患沟通明确带来的影响，所以此处最可能表述的是“随着医学和技术进步带来的信息过量，答案很少(rarely)是非黑即白的”。故选C。frequentlyadv.频繁地，经常:generallyadv.笼统地;通常地;普遍地:rarelyadv.少有地;罕见地;mainlyadv.主要地;大多。44.D【解析]结合上文提及的patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemacleardiagnosisandastraightforwardcourseoftreatment可知，患者希望医生能给他们一个明确的诊断和简单的治疗过程，再结合选项可推知患者的这种观念在短时间不会发生改变。句意为:“医学院才刚刚开始教医生如何应对这种情况，患者的期望也没有调整(adjusted)”，故选D。adorev.喜爱:爱慕;transferv.(使)转移:(使)调动;fadev.褪去;逐渐消逝:adjustv.适应，调整，校正。45.A【解析]结合下文和该空后提及的notaboutcreatingcertainty可推知，该空所填词构成的短语的意思应与creatingcertainty意思相近，limitinguncertainty符合题意。句意为:“如果你思考知识及其作用，那就是限制(limiting)不确定性，而不是创造确定性”。故选A.limitv.限制:限量:使限于:hitv.打，打击:碰撞:threatenv恐吓:威胁:预示(某事):assemblev.集合，收集:装配，组合:组装。46.C[解析]结合下文所举的相关例子可推知，接受培训的医生需要在海量信息中作出判断，即当他们诊断疾病时，经常会面对这种情况，所以他们要慢慢习惯这种工作状态。句意为:“像赌徒一样，接受培训的医生需要习惯于(accustomedto)在一个他们不断根据无数因素权衡胜算的领域工作”。故选C.comparewith与……比较，跟……相比:accountfor说明(原因、理由等);在(数量、比例上)占，对…负责:annoyat对愤怒。47.D【解析]结合该空之后提及的comeupwithalistofpossibilities--ratherthanquicklyhomeinonasinglesolution可推知，文章不提倡快速地回到一个单一的解决方案上，所以此处想要表达的意思为“当Upshur教医学生如何诊断疾病时，他告诉他们扩大(broaden)调查范围一一列出各种可能性，而不是迅速找到一个单一的解决方案”，故选D。coverv.遮盖:覆盖:撒上:包括:涉及:trainv、训练:教育:培养;修整:clarifyv、阐明，澄清:净化:broadenv.变宽:扩大.的范围。48.B【解析]结合上句提及的Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthinkisfirm可知，此处讲述的内容与医疗诊断相关，再分析选项，此处B项能够与上文联系起来。句意为:“即使你做出了你认为可靠的诊断，你通常也不确定什么是最好的治疗(cure)方法，从长远来看会有什么结果?”。故选B。identifyv、识别，认出:确定:curen.药:措施:疗程:defendv.防御:保卫:防守:causen.原因;理由;事业:诉讼案。49.B【解析]结合上下文提及的相关内容可知，医生需要慢慢习惯从海量信息中诊断疾病，而信息技术提高了诊断的准确性，这说明准确诊断疾病是医生追求已久的。句意为:“技术帮助重新定义了对确定性的追求”，故选B。enlightenv.启发，阐明:redefinev.再定义:commitv.犯罪:承诺:guaranteev.保证:担保。50.A[解析]结合上下文提及的Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.可推知，此处想要表达的是“我们已经到了可以将症状列表输入计算机并得到比医生更准确的(accurate)诊断的地步”，故选A。accurateadj.正确的，精确的:精准的:plainadj.清楚的:坦诚的:单色的:朴素的:seriousadj.严重的:严肃的:认真的:庄重的:remedialadj.补教的;纠正的:治疗的;补习的，辅导的。51.A[解析]结合下文提及的信息技术对于提高诊断准确率的好处和缺点，并结合选项可知，此处句意为:“哈佛医学院医学教授理查德·施瓦茨坦博士认为，这种发展既是一种挑战(challenge)，也是一种机遇”。故选A。challengen.挑战:(比赛等的)邀请:质疑:encountern.遭遇，偶遇:(体育)比赛:conversationn.交谈，谈话:disputen.争论，争端，纠纷。52.B【解析]结合该空之后提及的Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease可知，将症状信息输入电脑能够99%确定患有某种疾病，即最大程度确定所患疾病。故该空所在句子想要表达的是“技术试图把你推向一个最大的(maximal)确定水平。做这个测试可以获得99%的确定性,你患有这种疾病”。故选B.dangerousadj.危险的;maximaladj.尺寸最大的，最高的，持续时间最长的:unfavorableadj.不利的:相反的;令人不快的;不吉利的:contrastingadj.极不相同的，迥异的。53.C【解析]结合该段内容以及最后提及的isdecidehowtobreakthenewsthatyouhaveanoduleinyourlungthathasalpercentchanceofbecomingacancer可推知，计算机虽然能够非常准确第诊断疾病，但其在告知诊断结果方面存在一定缺陷。句意为:“另一方面，计算机无法以令人欣慰的方式向患者传达(communicate)诊断或治疗”。故选C。stuffv.塞满;填塞;hintv.暗示，提示:communicatev.沟通;传递;传染;相通:indicatev.表明，暗示:指示。54.D【解析]结合上句提及的Basedonyourage,yoursmokingstatus,andyourgender,acomputercandoagreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule可知，此处是在说明计算机根据相关信息诊断疾病的准确程度。句意为:“它还可以根据结节的大小和形状非常精确地计算出(calculate)患上实际癌症的风险”。故选D。concludev.推断出:总结:结束:缔约:understandv.明白，理解:了解:得知:默认;领会:assumev.假设:承担(责任):获得(权利):呈现:calculatev.计算:估算:估计:预料。55.A[解析]结合该空前后内容，可以发现上文说计算机可以准确诊断疾病，而该空之后则说“计算机不能够准确告知疾病发展”，前后有一定的转折性，故选A。howeveradv.然而:不管怎样:conj.不管怎样:thereforeadv.因此:moreoveradv.此外:而且:henceadv.因此，所以。外刊题源：Doctorsarescientistswho

operate

inaworldof

statistics,

odds

and

probability.Yetthey’velongbeentaughtthat

whendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveya

reassuring

levelofconfidenceandcertainty.

(41)

Asaresult,patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemaclear

diagnosis

anda

straightforward

courseoftreatment.But

nowthat

informationabouteverymedicalconditionimaginableisjustafewclicksaway,expertsareasking

whetherdoctors'

apparent

(42)

certainty

whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactually

doesmoreharmthangood.

With

theinformationoverloadbrought

bythe

progress

ofmedicineand

technologyanswersare

(43)rarely

blackorwhite.Medicalschoolsareonlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpatients'

expectationshaven't(44)

adjusted,

either.“Medicinehasalways

fallenshortofthesortof

certaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry”,

saysDr.RossUpshur,

a

researcherattheDallaLanaSchoolofPublicHealthinToronto.“Ifyouthinkaboutknowledgeandwhatitdoes,

it’sabout

(45)

limiting

uncertainty,notaboutcreatingcertainty.”Doctorsintraining,

likegamblers,needto

be(46)

accustomedto

workingin

afieldinwhichthey’reconstantly

weighingtheodds

basedonamyriadoffactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedicalstudents

howto

diagnose

anailment(小恙),hetellsthemto(47)

broaden

their

inquiry

comeupwith

alistofpossibilities,

ratherthanquickly

homeinon

asinglesolution.“Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthinkisfirm,

youusually

don’thavecertaintyaboutwhatwouldbethebest(48)

cure

andwhatthe

outcomes

willbe

inthelongrun.”

Technology

hashelped

(49)redefine

thequest

forcertainty.Wearereachingapointwherewecanfeeda

listof

symptoms

intoacomputerandgetamore(50)

accurate

diagnosisthanfromadoctor.Dr.Richard

Schwartzstein,aprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,seessuchdevelopmentsasbotha/an(51)

challenge

andanopportunity.Ononehand,hesays,“technologytriestopushyoutoa/an(52)

maximal

levelofcertainty.Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.”Ontheotherhand,computerscan’t(53)

communicate

a

diagnosis

ora

treatment

topatientsina

comfortingway.Take

aroutine

screening

test

forearly-stagelungcancer.Basedonyourage,yoursmoking

status,andyourgender,acomputercandoagreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule(癌症结节).Itcanalso(54)

calculate

quite

precisely

theriskofdevelopinganactualcancerbasedonthesizeandshapeofanodule.Whatitcan’t

do,(55)

however,isdecidehowto

breakthenews

thatyouhaveanoduleinyourlungthathasa1

percent

chanceofbecomingacancer.【难句解析】1.

Doctorsarescientistswho

operate

inaworldof

statistics,

odds

and

probability.Yetthey’velongbeentaughtthat

whendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveya

reassuring

levelofconfidenceandcertainty.

医生是科学家，他们的工作离不开数据、机率和概率。然而长期以来，他们被教导说，与病人打交道时，他们应该传递令人信服的自信和确定性。Operate这里应理解为“工作”;reassuring令人信服的、可靠的。2.

(1)

Asaresult,patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemaclear

diagnosis

anda

straightforward

courseoftreatment.因此，病人期待医生给他们一个清晰的诊断和直接的治疗过程。3.

But

nowthat

informationabouteverymedicalcondition

imaginable

isjust

afewclicksaway

expertsareasking

whetherdoctors'

apparent

(2)

certainty

whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactually

doesmoreharmthangood.但是，现在只要轻点鼠标、就能了解到各种病情信息，鉴于此，专家们质疑：与病人沟通时，医生给出的确定性实际上是否弊大于利。Nowthat因为、鉴于；every…imaginable各种、全部的、所能想到的。4.

With

the

informationoverloadbrought

bythe

progress

ofmedicineand(3)

technology

answersare

rarely

blackorwhite.Medicalschoolsareonlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpatients'

expectationshaven't(4)

adjusted

either.随着医学和技术进步所带来的信息过载，答案很少非黑即白。医学院正在开始教医生如何处理这个问题，而病人的期望也还没有能适应（这一变化趋势）。With…brought复合结构“随着/在……”；

5.“Medicinehasalways

fallenshortofthesortof

certaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry”,

saysDr.RossUpshur,

a

researcherattheDallaLanaSchoolofPublicHealthinToronto.“Ifyouthinkaboutknowledgeandwhatitdoes,

it’sabout

(5)

limiting

uncertainty,notaboutcreatingcertainty.”"医学总是达不到我们在数学和几何学中发现的那种确定性"，多伦多达拉拉纳公共卫生学院的研究员罗斯-厄普舒尔博士说。"如果你考虑到知识和它的作用，它是关于限制不确定性，而不是创造确定性。"fallenshortof达不到、缺少。

6.Doctorsintraining,

likegamblers,needto

be(6)

accustomedto

workingin

afieldinwhichthey’reconstantly

weighingtheodds

basedoncountlessfactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedicalstudents

howto

diagnose

adisease,hetellsthemto(7)

broaden

their

inquiry

comeupwith

alistofpossibilities,

ratherthanquickly

homeinon

asinglesolution.接受培训的医生就像赌徒一样，需要习惯于在这个领域工作，在这个领域中，他们不断地根据无数的因素来衡量赔率。当Upshur教授医学生如何诊断一种疾病