《高考英语学科复习关键问题指导与训练》-阅读理解中的问题突破与指导 阅读试题 第四套

PAGEPAGE3阅读试题（第四套）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWithoutrealizing,wecantellwhoislikelytobecomealeader,automaticallygivingthemmoreofourattention.Whenagroupofpeoplewhodon’tknoweachothermeetforthefirsttime,leadersnaturallyemerge－ithelpsussolvemanysocialchallenges.Weusesignalslikecharmingbehaviourandvocalcues(声带)toinferleadershipqualities.ButFabiolaGerpottatVrijeUniversityAmsterdamintheNetherlandsandherteamwonderedwhethersuchsignalsbroughtaboutmoreautomaticchangesinwhowepayattentionto.Theyfilmedmeetingsheldbyteamswhohadnevermetbeforeoveraperiodofsevenweeks.Attheendofthistime,independentadvisorsratedeachteammemberonwhethertheyhademergedasaleaderorfollower.Theresearcherstheneditedthevideosinto42soundlessclips,andshowedthemto18newpeople.Asthevolunteerswatchedthevideos,theresearchersmeasuredwheretheywerelooking,andforhowlong.Theyfoundthatthevolunteerslookedmoreoften,andforlonger,atpeoplewhowentontobecomeleaderswithinthegroup,onaverage.“Thisisnotsomethingwewouldbeconsciouslyawareof,”saysGerpott.Shesaysitmaybeevolutionarilyuseful.“Inthepastitmighthavebeenveryhelpfultorecogniseveryquicklywhowasthepersonyoushouldfollow.”Tofindouthowtheleaderswereabletotriggerchangesinothers’attention,theteamanalysedhowthepeoplebehaved.Theteamfoundthatemergingleadersusedactivegesturesmoreoften,suchasconstantlymovingtheirbodiesandlargehandmovements.Theyalsohadpassivefacialexpressionslessfrequently,suchasyawningorstaringblankly.“Tomakeyourselfstandoutasaleaderyouneedtousemoreactivebodylanguage.”saysGerpott.“Trytoengagenon-verbally(非言语交际地)inthediscussion.Beingpresentwithyourwholebodyandexpressionscanhelpyoubeperceivedasaleader.”SimonHoattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,Canadafoundthatvocalpitchcansignalifsomeoneintendstodominateorsubmittoanotherperson.Gerpott’steamisnowstudyinghowvocalcuesandbodylanguagemayworktogethertosignalleadership.21.Whatisthetextmainlyabout? A.Thewaypotentialleadersbehave.B.Bodylanguagesinagroupdiscussion.C.Importanceofnon-verbalcommunication.D.Differencesbetweenactiveandpassivegestures.22.WhatdoesGerpottandherteamtrytofind?A.Howleaderscanbeidentified.B.Whywenaturallymakeoutwould-beleaders.C.Whatsocialchallengesleadersintendtosolve.D.Whetherleadersarebornwithleadershipqualities.23.Whichofthefollowingistypicalofanemergingleader?A.Yawningfrequentlyatthemeeting. B.Talkingenthusiasticallyinateam.C.Speakingwithoutfacialexpression D.Listeningmostofthetimeinthediscussion.BWhenBrianHallfirstheardaboutanambitiousvolunteerefforttocreateanInternetmapofeverystreetandpathineverycityandvillageontheplanet,hewashooked(着迷).Atthattime,OpenstreetMaphadonlyafewAmericanmembers.Justafewyearslater,theBerkeleysoftwareengineeriseditingdigitalmapssoprecisetheyincludedrinkingfountainsandbenchesintheBayAreaparkswherehehikes,andthemappingcommunityofOpenstreetMaphasincreasedtomorethan240,000globalmembers.OpenstreetMap,whichistryingtocreateanInternetmapofeverystreetineverycityandvillageontheplanetwiththehelpofvolunteers,istransforminghowmapdataarecollected,sharedandused.InthehoursafterthedestructiveearthquakeinHaiti,OpenStreetMapproduceddetaileddigitalmapsofaquake-alteredcitythatwereimportanttoreliefworkersontheground－a“crisismapping”patternforfuturedisasters.Increasingly,thenonprofitcommunitycooperationmodelbehindOpenStreetMap,whichsharesallthedatainitsmapsfreeofcharge,isalsochangingthebusinessofmapping.Moreandmore,theaccuracyofresearchesonGoogleMapsordirectionsissuedbyyourcar’snavigational(导航)devicearebasedondatacollectedbyHallandothervolunteermembersofOpenStreetMap’sdo-it-yourselfarmy.GoogleplanstointroduceaproductintheU.S.calledMapMaker,whichgivesusersmuchmorepowertocustomizemaps.AndTeleAtlas－acompanythatsuppliesdigitalmapdatausedforsuchthingsascarnavigationdevicesand911－nowallowsindividualuserstosuggestmapchangesdirectlyfromtheirnavigationdevices.CitizenMappingis“anevolutionoftheentiremappingprocess”,saidRichardTaketa,chairmanofthegeographydepartmentatSanJoseState.It“isgoingtobepartofthemappingworldaswemoveontothefuture”.24.WhatisspecialabouttheOpenStreetMap?A.Itiscreatedbyvolunteers.B.Itisadeviceusedforcarnavigation.C.Itischangingthewaymapdataareused.D.ItisanInternetmapintroducedbyGoogle.25.Whatcanweknowfromthe5thand6thparagraphs?A.OpenStreetMappartnerswithGeoglecreatenewproducts.B.911isalsoanavigationdevicethatsuppliesdigitalmapdata.C.VolunteersofOpenStreetMapcanproducetheirownmaps.D.UsersofGoogleMapscansuggestmapchanges.26.Whatmaybeexpectedintermsofthefutureofthemapping?A.Companiessupplyingdigitalmapdatawillbenonprofit.B.Theprocessofmakingdigitalmapswillchangecompletely.C.Morepeoplewillgetinvolvedinusingandmakingdigitalmaps.D.Thewaymapdataarecollectedandusedwillbetotallydifferent.27.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.ResearchMap B.People’sMapC.TheMapinCrisis D.TheEvolutionofMap CIhaverecentlyjoinedaschoolclub,“FriendsofthePlanet”.Wehavebeenresearchingfactsonglobalwarmingandputtingtheminourschoolblog.DoyouknowthatbyflyinginaplaneforanhourweproducethesamecarbonemissionasaBangladeshicitizenproducesinawholeyear?Beingintheclubhasmademethinkmoreabouttheenvironmentimpactofourlifestylechoices.Wehavefoundoutlotsofotherimportantthingsattheclub,too,suchaswayspeopleindifferentpartsoftheworldarecopingwithclimatechange.InPeru,thecoldweatherhadbeenkillingthealpaca,ananimalthatprovidemilk,cheese,meatandwool.Thefarmerslearnthowtobuildstrongsheltersfortheanimalsanddevelopedveterinary(兽医的)skills.Asaresult,thecommunitiesaresurvivingandareevenresourcefulthanbefore.Inanotherpartoftheworld,Bangladeshifarmershavefoundtheirownwaystoovercomeaproblem:widespreadflooding.Usingwoodenrafts,thefarmersdevelopedvegetablegardensthatfloatonwater.Isn’tthatanamazingidea?Anditworks.Finally,IwanttotellyouaboutSriLanka.SealevelsaroundtheSriLankancoastwererisingduetoclimatechangeand,consequently,thericefieldswerebeingcontaminatedbysalt,evenmoreseriouslythanagriculturalchemicals.Itwasextremelyworryingbecausericeisthefarmers’maincrop.However,theyexperimentedwithdifferenttypesofriceandfoundastrainofricethatcanflourishinsaltywater!Intheclub,wedecidedthat,ifotherpeoplecanmakechange,socanwe.Wewillbedoingthingslikeusingourbikes,recyclingrubbishandturningoffelectricalapplianceswhenweleavetheroom.Itmightnotsoundlikemuch,butwethinkitwilleventuallymakearealdifference.Wouldyouliketoreduceyourcarbonfootprint?Thenjoinusattheclubtofindouthow!WemeetatlunchtimeonThursdayinRoom12.Seeyouthere.28.Thewriterofthetextprobablyis_______.A.onememberoftheclub B.anewspaperreporterC.thefounderoftheclub D.anenvironmentalexpert29.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3,4and5?A.Problemsarestillhardtosolve.B.Extremeconditionsarewaitingahead.C.Peopleweretiredofthechallengingsituation.D.People’seffortsinfightingdifficultieshavepaidoff.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contaminated”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Flooded.B.Strengthened. C.Polluted.D.Restricted.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Tointroducewaysofenvironmentalprotection.B.Togetpeersinvolvedintheenvironmentalplan.C.Toemphasizetheseriousnessofclimatechange.D.Toinformpeopleoftheimpactofglobalwarming.DCoronavirusinfectedyoungadultsmorethanotheragegroupsoversummerin2020,CDCreportsays.Peoplebetween20and29nowaccountformorethan20%ofcasesoverthesummermonths.TheU.S.experiencedashiftintheagegroupsmostimpactedbythenovelcoronavirus,withpersonsaged20-29accountingformorethan20%ofallconfirmedcases.InareportissuedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC),officialsnotedthattheshiftinage,particularlyintheSouthernregionshitbyoutbreaksinJune,alsosuggestedthat“youngeradultslikelycontributedtocommunitytransmission(传播)ofCOVID-19.”ThedatanotedthatinMay,themedian(中间值)ageofAmericansinfectedwithCOVID-19was46andthatthoseinfectedwithcoronavirusaged40-49accountedfor16.4%ofthecountry’scases,comparedtothe20-29agebracketwhichmadeup15.5%ofthenation’spatients.ByJune,the20-29year-oldshadovertakenthe40-49groupandmadeup20.2%ofcaseswhereastheolderpatientsaccountedfor16.0%.ByJuly,therewasalargergapbetweenthetwoagepopulationswith20-somethingsmakingup23.2%ofCOVID-19cases,andthe40-49bracketaccountingfor15.2%.“Thisreportprovidespreliminary(初步的)evidencethatyoungeradultscontributedtocommunitytransmissionofCOVID-19toolderadults,”theCDCwrote.“AcrossthesouthernUnitedStatesinJune2020,theincreaseinSARS-CoV-2infectionamongyoungeradultspreceded(领先)theincreaseamongolderadultsby4–15days.SimilarobservationshavebeenreportedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.”Whilethehealthagencycalledforfurtherinvestigationintocommunitytransmissiondynamics,italsourged“StrictrequirementsforyoungsterstofollowCOVID-19guidelinesandpersonalpreventativebehaviorsbyyoungeradults”inanefforttoreduceinfectionandtransmissionstopeoplemostatriskforsevereillness.32.WhatdoestheCDCreportonthenovelcoronavirusmainlyfocuson?A.Reasonsforthespreadofthevirusincommunities.B.Thechangeintheagegroupsmostaffectedbythevirus.C.Theincreaseofinfectedcasesinthepastthreemonths.D.Possiblesolutionstocontrolthespreadofthevirus.33.FromMaytoJuly,thepercentageofinfectionsamongyoungpeoplenationwideincreasedby________.A.3% B.4.7% C.7.2% D.7.7%34.TheCDCreportshowsthat________.A.thenumberofinfectedcasesareincreasingdramaticallyB.moreolderadultswereinfectedthanyoungeradultsinJuneC.youngeradultsaremorelikelytobeinfectedbycoronavirusD.youngeradultsarehighlyresponsibleforcommunitytransmission35.Howdoesthewritermakethefactcleartoreadersinthetext?A.Bypresentingdata. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Throughpersonalexperience. D.Throughcasestudy.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）PowerfulwaystobecomeyourbestselfYoumayhaveapictureofyourselfinyourmind’seye:avisionofmakingyourdreamsareality,ofachievingthesuccessthatyouknowcouldbeyours.36It’stimetostretchyourself;togrowandallowyourselftodevelop.Hereare3powerfultipstogetyouontheroadtobecomingthepersonyouweremeanttobe.●37Surpriseyourselfbypushingyourselfoutsideofyourcomfortzone.Askyourselfifthereissomethingyouhavealwayswantedtotry,butnevermadetimefor?Whateveritis,it’simportanttomaketimetoexploreanewactivityorskill.Youwilldiscov