Argument闪光句型 总结

bangle整理的Argument闪光句型Argument闪光句型

1.

Themere(纯粹的，起码的，仅仅的)factthatticketsalesinrecentyearsforscreenplay（电影剧本）-basedmovieshaveexceededthoseforbook-basedmoviesisinsufficient（不足的，不够的）evidencetoconclude(show,prove,illustrate（举例说明）,demonstrate(证明，论证，示范))thatwritingscreenplaysnowprovidesgreaterfinancialopportunityforwriters.

A这个事实（概念）并不足以证明B这个事实（概念）

2.

Itispossiblethatfeespaidbymoviestudiosforscreenplayswilldecreaseinthefuturerelativetothoseforbookrights.

3.

Theargumentfailstoruleout(划去，排除，取消)thepossibilitythatawriterengagesin（参加，使从事于）bothtypesofwritingaswellasotherwriter.

这个论述并没有排除。。。的可能性

4．Inanyevent(无论如何),theadvertisementprovidesnojustification(理由)forthemutually（互相地，互助）exclusive（排外的，独占的，唯一的）choicethatitimposeson（利用，欺骗，施加影响于）thewriter.

5．Theargumentsimplyequates(treat)successwith(astheindicationof)movieticketsales,whichisunwarranted（无根据的，无保证的）.

作者简单的把A和B划上了等号（简单的把A等同于B）

6．Theauthorassumes(makeassumption)thatphysicalcapabilitiesaretheonlyattribute（品质，特征，属性）necessarytooperateamotorvehicle.

作者假定物理性能是对运转机动车所必须的唯一属性。

7．Moreover(此外),theauthorprovidesnoevidencethattherealism（现实主义）ofcolorphotography（摄影，摄影术）isthereasonforitspredominance（优势）.

此外，作者没能提供证据证明A就是B的原因。

8．Thisassumptionpresents（提出，呈现，介绍）afalsedilemma(进退两难的局面，困难的选择),sincethetwomediaarenotnecessarilymutuallyexclusive（互斥的）alternatives（事物，二中择一，可供选择的办法）.

9．Commonsense（常识）tellsusthataphotographercansucceedbyworkinginbothmedia.

常识告诉我们。。。（不理性的，最好不用）

10．Theargumentignoresthefactors—suchasinitiative（主动）,creativity（创造，创造力）,technicalskills,andbusinessjudgment（判断）—thatmaybemoreimportantthanthechoiceofmedium（媒体）indeterminingsuccessinphotograph.

11.Themajorproblemwiththeargumentisthatthestated（定期的，一定的）similarities（类似，类似处）betweenCompanyAandBareinsufficienttosupporttheconclusionthatCompanyAwillsuffer（遭受，经历，忍受）afatesimilartoCompanyB‘s.

12.Consequently,themerefactthatCompanyAholdsalargeshare（份额）ofthevideo-gamehardwareandsoftwaremarketdoesnotsupport(支持，拥护)theclaimthatCompanyAwillalsofail.

仅此是如下的事实，并不能支持如下的主张

13.Thus,theauthorunfairlyassumesthathighly-ratedpublictelevisionprogramsarenecessarilywidelyviewed,orpopular.

14.Whilethismaybetrueinsomecases,itisequallypossiblethatonlycompanieswithproductsthatarealreadybest-sellerscanaffordthehigheradratesthatpopularshowsdemand.

这一点在某些情况下是真实的，但同样有可能在别的相反的情况下成立，作者的推理并不是唯一的

15.Admittedly(公认地，诚然，无可否认的),thevicepresident’sreasoninglinkingemployeebenefitswithcompanyprofits（利润，益处）seemsreasonableonthesurface.

16.Onecaninfer（推断）fromthesurvey’sresultsthatafullone-thirdoftherespondents（回答者）mayhaveviewedthecurrent（当前的，现在的，最近的，草写的，通用的）benefitspackageunfavorably（不适宜地，不利地）.

我们可以从调查的结果推出。。。（和作者不同的结论，削弱作者的论述）

17．Lacking(缺乏的，不足的)morespecific(明确的，特殊的)informationabouthowtheseotheremployeesresponded,itisimpossibletoassess（估定，评定）（evaluate(评价，估计),judge（鉴定，判断，断定，认为））thereliability(可靠性)ofthesurvey’sresultsortomakeaninformed（见多识广的）recommendation（推荐，介绍信，劝告，建议）.

18．Itisunlikelythatthebrief（摘要，大纲）one-weekperiods（周期）undercomparison（比较，对照）arerepresentative（代表）oflongertimeperiods.

19．Ifso（假如这样的话）,eventhough（即使）3percentmoreaccidentsoccurred（发生，出现）afterthechange,theauthor’s(arguer’s)argumentthatchangingthespeedlimitincreasesdangerfordriverswouldbeseriouslyweakened.

假如是。。。作者如下的观点也会大大的削弱

20.Theeditorial（社论）failstotakeintoaccount(重视，考虑)possibledifferencesbetweenEastandWestCambriathatarerelevant（有关的，相应的）tohowdriversreactto（与。。。起反应）speed-limitchanges.

（此句用于攻击错误类比时使用（falseanalogy））

21．Inaddition(另外),whileitistruethatmanyvoters（投票者）changetheirmindsseveraltimesbeforevoting,andthatsomeremainundecided（未定的，不稳定的）untilenteringthevotingbooth（货摊，售货亭，棚）,thisisnottrueofeveryone.

一方面，。。。是有道理的，但这个道理不一定适合每个人

（用于攻击草率推广中的绝对化词汇）

22.Withoutknowingtheextentandnatureofthedamageresulting（作为结果的，因而发生的）fromthebadpublicity（公开）orthereasonfortheviolation（违反，妨碍，侵害，违背）,wecannotaccepttheauthor’sconclusion.

23.Theauthor’sproposal（提议，建议）isinconsistent（不一致，不协调的，矛盾的）withtheauthor’sconclusionabouttheconsequences（结果）ofadopting（采用，收养）anethics（偶尔，道德规范）code.

24.Tobeginwith（首先，本来）,theauthorfailstoconsiderhealththreats（威胁，凶兆）posed（形成，引起，造成，摆姿势，洋装）byincinerating（把。。烧成灰，烧弃）trash.

25.Theauthor’sconclusion（结束，结论，缔结）thatswitching（开关，转换，配电系统）toincineration（烧成灰，焚化）wouldbemoresalutary（有益的）forpublichealthwouldbeseriouslyundermined.

26.However,thisisnotnecessarilythecase.

27.Theauthor’simplicit（暗示的，盲从的，含蓄的）claimthatincinerationsareeconomicallyadvantageous（有利的）tolandfills（垃圾，垃圾掩埋法=trash）ispoorlysupported.

28.Consequently,unlesstheauthorcandemonstratethatthecitywillincur（招致）expenses（费用，开支）thatarenotcoveredbytheincreasedrevenues（收入，国家的收入，税收）fromtheseprojects,theauthor’sconcernabouttheseissuesisunfounded（没有理由的，未建立的）.

因此，除非作者能证明。。。否则作者的这些担心是没有根据的

（UNLESSA，，，B（否定结构），，）

29．Firstofall,whileasserting(断言，声称)thatrealincomesarerising,theauthorprovidesnoevidencetosupportthisassertion.

30.Butnoevidenceisprovided（倘若）toshowthatthisexplanationiscorrect.

31.Moreover（而且，此外）,theauthorfailstoconsiderandruleoutotherfactorsthatmightaccountfor（说明，解决）proportional（成比例的，均衡的）decreaseinspendingonfood.

32.Theauthorignoresotherlikelybenefits（possiblefactors）ofagriculturaltechnologythataffectfoodpiecesonlyindirectlyornotatall.

作者忽略了有可能出现的好处

（作者考虑问题没有考虑正负得失）

33.Inthefirstplace,agreatdealofempirical（经验主义的，完全根据经验的）evidenceshowsthatsequels（结局）areoftennotasprofitable（有利可图的）astheoriginalmovies.

34.However,unlesstheoriginalcast（演员表）andproductionteamareinvolved（棘手的，有关的）inmakingthesequel,thereisagoodchanceitwillnotbefinanciallysuccessful.

然而，除非。。。否则很有可能。。。会发生

35.Sincethedifficultiesinherent（固有的，内在的，与生俱来的）inthisprocess（过程，作用，方法，程序，步骤）makeithardtopredict（预知，预言，预报）whethertheresultwillbeasuccessorafailure,theconclusionthatthesequelwillbeprofitableispresumptuous(武断的).

36.Thisassumptionoverlooksothercriteria（标准）fordeterminingabridge’simportance—suchasthenumberofcommuters（通勤者，经常往返者）usingthebridge,theroleofthebridgeinlocalemergencies（紧急事件，紧急需要）anddisasters,andtheimpact（影响，效果，冲突，碰撞）thatbridgeclosure（关闭）wouldhaveontheeconomiesofnearbycities.

37.Withoutsuchevidence,wecannotaccepttheauthor’sconclusionthatnogovernmentfunds（资金，基金）shouldbedirectedtowardmaintaining（维持，维修，供养）theStyxRiverbridge.

没有这样的证据，我们不能接受作者的结论

38.Thefactthatthenearbycityhasaweakening（弱化）economydoesnotprovethatthecitywillnotcontributesignificantly（意味深长地，值得注目地）totax（对。。征税）revenues.

A不能说明B

39.Substantiating（证实，使实体化）thisassumptionrequiresexaminingtheproper（正当的，固有的，适当的，正确的，特有的）dutyofgovernment.

40.Accordingly（因此，从而）,thisassumptionissimplyanunprovedclaim.

因此，这个假定只是一个未经证实的主张

41.Theauthorispresentingafalsedilemmabyimposing(强加（壮丽的，使人难忘的）)aneither-or（只能二选一的）choicebetweentwocoursesofactionthatneednotbemutuallyexclusive.

见8条

42.Itisequallypossiblethatlegislators（立法者）canaddress（演说，向。。致辞，）bothareasofconcern(（利害）关系，关注，涉及)concurrently（并发地，一致地）.

43.Theargumentrelies（依赖于，信赖）ontheassumptionthatthelegislatorsinquestion(所讨论的)havetheopportunitytoaddressurban（城市的）crime（犯罪，犯罪行为）problems.

44.Finally,theauthorunfairlytrivializes（使平凡，使琐碎）theseverity（严肃，严格，严重，激烈）ofrural（乡下的，田园的，生活在农村的）crimebysimplycomparingitwithurbancrime.

论者无理的轻视了。。（小看了。。；不重视。。。）

45.Itispossiblethatthesalestrend（倾向，伸向）inaparticular（特别的，特殊的，详细的，独特的）location（场所，位置，特定区域）isnotrepresentative（典型的，有代表性的）ofsalesinotherregions（地区，区域，地方，领域）.

46.However,theauthorfailstoacknowledge（承认）andruleoutotherpossiblecausesofsuchaccidents.

47.Athirdproblemwiththeargumentisthatthestatisticalevidenceuponwhichitreliesistoovague（含糊的，不清楚的）tobeinformative（提供情报的）.

48.Ifthesubjectsforthestudywererandomly（随便的，未加计划的）chosenandrepresent（表现，描绘，象征，扮演，回忆）adiverse（不同的，变化多的）cross（相反的，交叉的）sectionofthepopulationofshampoousers,theresultswillbereliable（可靠的，可信赖的）regardless（不管，不顾，不注意）ofthenumberofparticipants（参与者，共享者）.

49.Experiencealoneisfarfrombeingenoughtoguarantee（保证，担保）minimized（将。。减到最小）processing（处理）costs（成本，价钱，代价）.

50.Given(赠予的，特定的，假设的)thatOlympicFoodsdoesbenefitfrom（受益于）loweredprocessingcostsdueto（由于，应归于）itsyearsofexperience,theprediction（预言，预报）aboutmaximumprofitsisstillinlackofsolid（可靠的）ground（范围）.

51.Anyadverse（不利的，敌对的，反对的）changeinthosefactorswillhavenegativeimpact（对。。发生影响）onthecompany’sprofitability（收益性，利益率）.

52.Contingencies(偶然事件)suchasmarketchanges,competition,materialandlabor（劳工）costs,legislative（立法的，立法机关（的））moves,andthenationalorinternationaleconomiccyclecanallleadtodroppingprofit.

53.Openingsubsidiaries（辅助的，补充的）mayjustcoincide（一致，符合）withchangesintheabovementioned（提及，说起，论及）factorsandtheconsequent（作为结果的，随之发生的）impactonthecompany’sprofitability.

54.Comprehensive（全面的，广泛的）analysisisnecessarytoidentify（确定，识别，鉴别）theactualcause(s)ofthecompany’sloweredprofitability.

全面的分析是必要的，以便确定。。。结果的真正原因

（攻击“没有考虑其他可能的因素”的时候使用，原因可能是一个或者多个）

55.Theotherpremise（假定，提论，预述）intheargumentthatcentralization（集中，中央集权化）wouldimprove（改善，改进）profitabilitylendslittlesupporttotheargumentbecauseitsowncredibility（可信性）issuspect（令人怀疑的，不可信的，可疑的）.

56.Thereisnodataavailable,however,tosupportanycausalrelationbetweenthenumberofpeoplewatchingTVprogramsaboutthevisualartsandthenumberofpeoplevisitingartmuseums.

57.Wedonothaveanyevidencesuggestingthattheincreaseordecreaseofthenumberof

TVprogramviewerswillcausethelikewise（同样地）increaseordecreaseinthenumberofmuseumvisitors,orvise（签证，签准）versa.

58.Thestatisticsofferedintheannouncement（宣告，公告）warrants（保证，担保）onlytheconclusionthatthedeclineofTheMercury’scirculation（循环，流通，发行量）andthealleged（声称的，所谓的）competitor（竞争者）,thelower-pricednewspaperTheBugle,coexisted（共存）inthepastfiveyears.

这段论述中所提供的证据，只能支持如下的结论（可能作者的结论作出限定后是成立的）

（在攻击类似“结论放大了”的时候用）

59.Anyfurtherlinkage（联接）ofthesetwophenomena（现象）requiresmoreevidenceandisnotjustified（证明。。是恰当的）bythedatasofaravailable.

60.Therefore,anydecisionaimedataddressingtheproblemoffallingcirculationmustbebasedonmorethorough（十分的，彻底的）investigation（调查，研究）togather（集合，聚集）sufficient（充分的，足够的）datainordertonarrowdownandlocate（定位）theactualcause(s)oftheproblem.

任何指在解决。。。问题的决定都必须基于更彻底的调查以便获得充分的数据来（限定）缩小这个问题真正的一个或多个原因

61.ThereisalsothepossibilitythatTheMercury’sdecliningcirculationhaslittletodowithTheBugle.

62.Sincethearguermakesaclaimaboutworkersingeneral,theworkerssampledforthesurveyshouldbeabletorepresentallworkers.

63.Fromthesurveyquoted(引用，引证，提供，提出)intheargument,however,wefindnosignofsuchproceduresforrandomsampling（随意取样）,andhavegoodreasontodoubtifthesampleisrepresentativeenoughtoreflectthegeneralattitudesofallworkersasawhole（总体上）.

从这段论述所引用的调查来看，我们找不到任何有关随机取样的调查程序的迹象，怀疑调查，抽样调查的代表性来反应。。。

（用于攻击“调查类的问题”）

64.Whensamplesareusedtomakegeneralclaimsaboutaparticulargroup,thesamplesshouldbecloseenoughintimetothegeneralization(一般化，普通化，概括)theyareusedtosupport,sothathistoricalchangeswillnotinvalidate（使无效）thegeneralization.

当抽样调查被用来对一个特定的群体做出一般的概括的时候，那么这个样品要在抽样的时间上尽可能接近这个你要用来支持的一般性的结论，以便历史的改变不会使这个概括无效。

（要在调查的时间上尽可能接近，实用性不强）

65．Ifthiswillbethecase,thentheincreasingnumbermiddle-agedpeopleinthefuturewillnotnecessarilymeanthelikewiseincreaseofbusinessvolume(销售量)indepartmentstores.

66.Opinionsshouldbejudgedbytheirownmerits（优点，价值）,andshouldnotbedismissedmerelybecausetheyarevoicedbyafewpeople.

67.Tofindtheexactcauseorcausesofeconomicupsordowns（盛衰，沉浮）,examinationshouldbeappliedtoallfactorsthathavesignificant（有意义的，重要的）impactontheeconomy.

68.SincenoeffectwasmadetogatherinformationaboutthespendingamountsoftheshopperswhohadnotreadtheadinGazette（报纸，政府的公报，（大学的）学报）,thepossibilitycannotbeexcluded（排斥，把。。排除在外）thattheaverageamountspentbyashopperdidnotvarysignificantly,whethertheshopperhadreadtheadornot.

69.Withoutfurtherinvestigationanyclaimsmadeabouttheeffectiveness（效力）oftheradioadaredoubtfuleventhoughthecafédidobserveabetterbusiness.

70.Thefactthatthestudentperformanceimproved（改良的）aftertheapplicationofinteractivecomputerinstructiondoesnotnecessarilyimply（暗示，意味）thatthenewteachingmethodisresponsible（可靠的，可信赖的，有责任的，负责的）fortheachievements.

如下的事实不一定意味着。。。

（同38句，也是一个万能句型）

71.Factorssuchasfunds,computerskillsofteachingstaff（教职人员）,relativeimportanceofotherteachingobjectivesallhavesomebearingon（有关，瞄准，对。。施加压力）theextentoftheuseofcomputer-aided（半自动的）instruction.

72.Economy,asweknow,isinfluenced（影响，改变）bythecombinationofahost（主机）offactors,local,nationalandinternational,political,social,andtechnological.

73.Butwearetoldnothingaboutthewaythepoll（民意测验，选举之选票）wasconductedandhowwellitrepresentedthepublicopinions.

可是我们没有被告知任何这个抽样是怎么做的，以及它能够有效的代表什么，

（对调查结果正确性的攻击，可用此句型）

74.Buttheproblemisthatthetwosituationsarenotsimilarenoughtojustify（证明。。是正当的）theanalogicaldeduction（类比推理）.

这个问题是这两种情形，不具有足够的相似性来使得作者的类比推理成立

（falseanalogy）

75.Accordingtothememo,companiesareurgedtofollowthiscode,butthereisnoevidencewhatsoever(无论如何)toshowanyseriouscommitment（许诺，委托事项）onthepartofthosecompaniesotherthantheirovert（明显的，公然的）agreementtoabideby（坚持，遵守）it.

76.Theargumentprovidesnodirectinformationastothedegreetowhichthepublic’sdemandforrestaurantsissatisfiedbythesupplyfromtheindustry.

77.Thereisnoevidencewhatsoevertoindicatethatthewaterissolely（独自地，单独地）responsibleforthehealthconditionofthelocalpeople.

78.Butanyconclusionatthisstageispremature（未成熟的，太早的，早熟的）inabsenceofacomprehensiveexaminationoftheschool’seducationalcompetence（能力）.

79.Thisobservedphenomenon（现象）,actually,sayslittlemorethanthatthesetwoeventsaresynchronic（同时发生的）toeachotherandthatisall.

80.Itdoesnotnaturallywarranttheconclusionthatmovieviolencehassignificantlycontributed,andthusiscausalto,theincreasedurbancrimesinreallife.

81.InthisargumentthearguerconcludesthattheAppogeeCompanyshouldclosedownfieldofficesandconductallitsoperationsfromasingle,centralized（集中的，中央集权的）locationbecausethecompanyhadbeenmoreprofitable（有利可图的）inthepastwhenallitsoperationswereinonelocation.

82.Foracoupleofreasons,thisargumentisnotveryconvincing.

83.Theargueremploystwolinesofreasoningtoreachthisconclusion.

84.Inaddition,thearguerreasons（说服，劝说，推论）that15-year-oldsarephysically（身体上的）morecapablethanolderdriversofperformingthevariousskillsassociatedwithdrivingavehicleandthusshouldbeeligible（符合条件的，合格的）togetalicense.

85.Thearguerdrawstheconclusionthatphotographerswhoworkincolorholdacompetitive（竞争的）advantageoverthosewhoworkinblack-and-white.

86.Tosupportthisconclusion,thearguerclaimsthatthegreaterrealism（现实主义）ofcoloredphotosaccountsforitspredominant（卓越的，突出的，主要的，有影响的）useinmagazinesandportraits（肖像，人像）.

87.ThiseditorialassertsthatWestCambriashouldnotchangeitshighwayspeedlimitsbecausesuchchangesadversely（逆地，反对地）affectdriveralertness（警戒，机敏）andarethereforedangerous.

88.Tosupportthisclaim,theeditorialcites（引用，引证）statisticsindicating（指示，标志）thatwhenever（只要）EastCambriachangeditsspeedlimits,anaverageof3percentmoreautomobileaccidentsoccurred（发生，出现）duringtheweekafterthechangethanduringtheweekpreceding（在前的，前述的）it,evenwhenthespeedlimitwaslowered.

89.Asitstands（按照现在的情况，事实是这样）,thisargumentsuffersfrom（忍受，遭受）threecriticalflaws（瑕疵，缺点，裂纹）.

90.Inthisargument,theplanningdepartmentofaninvestmentfirmreachestheconclusionthatthefirmshouldencourageinvestmentinSolario—anewmanufacturerofsolar—powered（太阳能）products（产品）.

91.Thebasisforthisrecommendationistheexpectationthatsolarenergywillsoonbecomemorecostefficientandattractivethanotherformsofenergy.

92.Thisassumptionisbasedonrecentdeclinesin（衰退）thecostofequipmentusedtoconvert（使转变，转换。。，转换信仰）solarenergyintoelectricityandonnewtechnologiststhatarebeing