周围血管疾病超声诊断英文

PeripheralVascular

Ultrasound5/8/20241周围血管疾病超声诊断英文PARTⅠAneurysm（动脉瘤）5/8/20242周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Aneurysm（动脉瘤）TrueAneurysmFalseAneurysmDissectiveAneurysmAneurysmsdevelopasthestructuralintegrityofthearterialwallweakens.5/8/20243周围血管疾病超声诊断英文A:fusiform;B:tortuouselongated;C:saccular;D:infrarenal;E:suprarenal;FandG:dissecting;I:Falseaneurysm.Aneurysmsdevelopasthestructuralintegrityofthearterialwallweakens.Aneurysmsareveryvariableinshapes5/8/20244周围血管疾病超声诊断英文TrueAneurysmItisabnormaldilationsofarterieshavingatleasta50%increaseindiametercomparedtothenormaldiameter.Itisoftencausedbyarteriosclerosis.Itisthecommontypeinaneurysms.5/8/20245周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Ultrasoundfindings--1①Thearteryisdilatedlocally.Thewidthofdilatedsegmentis1.5timeswiderthanthatofnormalsegment.②Mostaneurysmsarefusiforminshape③Thethreelayersofarterialwallcanbeseen.5/8/20246周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Theabdominalaortaisdilatedlocally.Itmeasures51mmintheanteroposteriordimension.Thedistalnormalarterymeasures20mmindiameter.ABC5/8/20247周围血管疾病超声诊断英文④Thrombuscanusuallybeseeninarterialcavity.⑤CDFIshowsswirlingbloodflowpattern.5/8/20248周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Bothtransverseandsagittalimagesshowafusiformaneurysmwithalargeamountofthrombusinthearterialwalls5/8/20249周围血管疾病超声诊断英文DissectiveAneurysmDissectingananeurysmcanoccurduetoatearintheintimaandbloodcanenterthesubintimalspace.Iftheaortapartiallydissects,largeamountsofthrombusmaybeseeninthesubintimalspace.Ifthereisafulldissection,afalseflowlumeniscreated.5/8/202410周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Ultrasoundfindings①Thetearing

of

intimacanbeseen;②Thetrueandfalselumenscanbeseen;buttheentryisdifficulttobedetected③Thrombuscanbeseeninfalselumen;④Bloodflowsmayappearinfalselumen.Butitislessbrighterandlowvelocitycomparedwiththatintruelumen.5/8/202411周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Bothlongitudinalandtransverseimagesshowthetearing

of

intimainanexternalcarotidartery5/8/202412周围血管疾病超声诊断英文B-modeimageofadissectingaorticaneurysm.thetrueandfalselumensareseen.Colorflowimagingdemonstratesflowinthefalselumen.5/8/202413周围血管疾病超声诊断英文FalseAneurysmItisoftencausedbytrauma,angiographyorsurgeryafterarterypuncture.Bloodcontinuestoflowbackwardandforwardthroughthepuncturesiteintoafalseflowcavityoutsidetheartery.Thewallofaneurysmismadeupofhematomaandsurroundingcompressedtissue.5/8/202414周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Ultrasoundfindings①Amixedorcysticmasscanbeseenbythesideofartery;②Sometimesanarrowroutefromarterytothemasscanbeimaged;③Thrombuscanbeseenwithinthemass;④

CDFI:thebloodflowwithinthemassiseddiedflow.5/8/202415周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Systolicanddiastolicimagesoffalseaneurysm:A:swirlingmotionofblood;B:asmallchannel.C:theclassicto-and-frowaveformABC5/8/202416周围血管疾病超声诊断英文classicto-and-frowaveform5/8/202417周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Aneurysm（动脉瘤）Aneurysm（动脉瘤）5/8/202418周围血管疾病超声诊断英文PARTⅡArterioscleroticOcclusiveDisease（动脉硬化性闭塞性疾病）(ASO)5/8/202419周围血管疾病超声诊断英文5/8/202420周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Itisduetoarteriosclerosis.Itoftenoccursatlarge-mediumsizedarteriesintheelderly.SeveralriskfactorsareassociatedwithASO:increasingagehypertensiondiabeteselevatedcholesteroltobaccosmokingafamilyhistoryofatherosclerosis5/8/202421周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Injurytothevascularendotheliumprogressivedepositionoflipids,proliferationofsmoothmusclecells,andmigrationoffibrocytesplaqueformingandgrowingvascularstenosis(狭窄)orocclusion5/8/202422周围血管疾病超声诊断英文PlaqueCharacterizationPlaqueisusuallydescribedbysurfacefeature,density,andtexture.Surfacefeaturesaresmooth,irregular,andulcerated.Hypoechoic,isoechoic,andhyperechoicarethetermsusedtodescribeplaquedensity.Plaquetextureiseitherhomogeneousorheterogeneous.5/8/202423周围血管疾病超声诊断英文AnechoicplaqueHypoechoicplaqueCalcifiedplaqueHyperechoicplaque5/8/202424周围血管疾病超声诊断英文A:acratersuggestinganulcerB:heterogeneous---intraplaquehemorrhageAB5/8/202425周围血管疾病超声诊断英文bloodflowsintoulceratedplaques(hyperechoicandhypoechoicheterogeneous)5/8/202426周围血管疾病超声诊断英文CDFI:narrowbloodstreammeansarterialstenosisPW:

high

speedwaveand

widefrequency

band5/8/202427周围血管疾病超声诊断英文2D:theplaquemakesthearterystenosisCDFI:thenarrowmulticoloured

jetbloodflow

signalsthroughstenosisPW:highspeedflowwithwidefrequency

band5/8/202428周围血管疾病超声诊断英文PARTⅢDeepVeinThrombosis深静脉血栓

(DVT)5/8/202429周围血管疾病超声诊断英文DVTisacommondisorderthatcanleadtofatalpulmonaryembolism.DVTusuallyaffectsthelowerlimbveins,especiallyduetotrauma,surgery,pregnancyormalignancy.EpidemiologyandPathology5/8/202430周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Typicalsymptomsincludepain,tenderness,heatandswelling.Butthesesignsarenonspecificandcanbecausedbyseverallocalorsystemicconditions.Thesuperficialveinsmaybedilated.IftheDVTinvolvestheproximalveins,theremaybesignificantswellingofthethigh.SignsandSymptoms5/8/202431周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Acutethrombus(within2weeks)Sub-acutethrombus(morethantwoweeks)Chronicthrombus(severalmonthstoyears)UltrasoundFindingsThedistinctionbetweenacuteandchronicDVTisdifficultonallimagingmodalities5/8/202432周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Theveinisenlargedobviously;compressingactioncannotmakethecavityshrunken;Theinternalechoesofcavityareecho-freeorhypoechoic;Nobloodflowswithcompletethrombosis.1.AcuteThrombus5/8/202433周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Thedeepveinsofthelowerextremityarefilledanddistendedbyacutehypoechoicthrombus5/8/202434周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Theacutehypoechoicthrombusfillinganddistendingdeepveindoesnotcompress5/8/202435周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Thesizeofcavitymaybecomenormal;TheinternalechoesofDVTincrease;There-openingmayoccurandCDFIcanshowbloodflowindifferentshapesinthecavity.2.Sub-acutethrombus5/8/202436周围血管疾病超声诊断英文A--athrombusaroundjugularveincatheter.

B--CDFIshowsancolorvoidordefect.BA5/8/202437周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Theyappearmoreechogenicthanacuteclots;Thewallisthickened,irregular,echogenic,theveinisincompletelycompressible;CDFIshowbloodflowsincavitywhencompleteorpartialre-openingoccurs.3.Chronicthrombus5/8/202438周围血管疾病超声诊断英文A---anacutethrombusdistendingthevein.

B---

partialrecanalizationwithchronicDVTremainingafter2months.AB5/8/202439周围血管疾病超声诊断英文PWshowsstraightwaveoflowerlimbveinswithnoresponsetoValsalvaorrespiration.Itindicatesamoreproximalobstruction.5/8/202440周围血管疾病超声诊断英文VenousInsufficiencyVeinscontainvalvestopreventtherefluxofbloodtotheextremities.Venousinsufficiencyoccurswhenthelowerextremityvenousvalvesaredestroyedorbecomeincompetent.5/8/202441周围血管疾病超声诊断英文ChronicvenousinsufficiencyiscausedbyvalvulardamagefollowingDVTinabout40%ofindividuals.However,theother60%ofpatientswithvenousinsufficiencyhaveincompetentvalves,unrelatedtoDVT.Pathophysiology5/8/202442周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Clinically,venousinsufficiencyleadstolegswelling,chronicskinchangessuchaseczema,pigmentation,woodyindurationandnonhealingvenousstasisulcersfinally.SignsandSymptomsSuperficialvenousinsufficiencyleadstodistendedsubcutaneousvaricosities.5/8/202443周围血管疾病超声诊断英文Subcutaneousvaricosities.CDFI:retrogradeflowduringaValsalvaactionorfollowingdistalsqueezerelease.PW:refluxwave(refluxduration>1s).Thedegreeofrefluxisassessedbyrefluxd