unit-4-professions-for-women市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

ProfessionsforWomenVirginiaWoolf1/61VirginiaWoolf(1882-1941)AnEnglishnovelist,criticandessayist.Life-longexperiencebeeducatedathomeinherfather’slibraryIn1912

marriedLeonardWoolf,acriticandwriteroneconomicsin1917

setuptheHogarthPressendedherlifebycommittingsuicideinariverinherhometownRemarksoneofthethreegreatestwritersofstreamofconsciousnessoneofthepioneersofwomen’sliberationfrompatriarchy.Inhernovel,emphasisisonthepsychologicalrealmofhercharactersandthemoment-by-momentexperienceofliving,whicharedepictedbythetechniquesofinteriormonologueandstreamofconsciousness.Herbooksarealsonotedfortheirpoeticandsymbolicquality,theirsubtlestyleandtheirrichhistoricalandliteraryreference.

2/61TextAnalysis3/61Paragraph1AccordingtoWoolf,aretheremanypeculiarexperiencesintheprofessionofliteratureforwomen?Why/whynot?Whatkindofoccupationiswritingaccordingtoher?Whatis“thereasonwhywomenhavesucceededaswritersbeforetheyhavesucceededintheotherprofessions”?4/61

Whatisthemainideaofparagraphone?

Intheprofessionofliterature,theauthorfindsthattherearefewerexperiencespeculiartowomenthaninotherprofessionsbecausemanywomenwritersbeforeherhavemadetheroadsmooth.5/61thestage:

With“the”thewordmeansthetheater,drama,oractingasaprofession.Likeliterature,thestageinvolvesmorewomenthanotherprofessions.theroadwascut:路已开辟出来了。makingthepathsmooth:

pavingtheway(for)regulatingmysteps:

guidingmeasImovedforward指导我向前进Inmyway:

(inone’s/theway)inaplaceorpositionthatpreventssomeoneorsomethingelsefrommovingfreely6/61Thefamilypeacewasnotbroken

bythescratchingofapen.

(1)Herethe“familypeace”hastwomeanings:

first:calm,quiet,tranquility;

second:harmony,lackofworryandquarrels.(2)scratchingofapen:

thesoundmadebyanold-fashionedinkpenwhenitmovesonpaper7/61familypurse.“purse”standsformoney,financialconditionsfamilypurse:家庭财力/经济Theword“purse”isusedfiguratively.Thiskindofspeechiscalledmetonymy换喻、转喻.Metonymyisanotherformofmetaphor,inwhichthethingchosenforthemetaphoricalimageiscloselyassociatedwith(butnotanactualpartof)thesubjectwithwhichitistobecompared.

E.g.“thewhitehouse”for“thePresident”,“thecrown”for“theKing”or“theQueen”.Hesucceededbythesweatofhisbrow.“sweatofone’sbrow”standsforone’shardwork

8/61

Pianosandmodels,Paris,ViennaandBerlin,mastersandmistresses,arenotneededbyawriter.

(1)mastersandmistresses:teachersortutors;professionalpractitioners

ofmusicorpainting;greatartists.开业者,实践者

(2)Ifyouwanttobeamusicianorapainter,youmustownapianoorhiremodels,andyouhavetovisitorevenliveinculturalcenterslikeParis,ViennaandBerlin.Andalsoyouhavetobetaughtbymastersandmistresses.However,ifyouwanttobeawriter,youdon’tneedallthese.9/61Paragraph2WhatdidWoolfbuywithherfirstrewardfromwriting?10/61Whatisthemainideaofparagraphtwo?Theauthor’sownprofessionalexperiences

11/61

ButtoshowyouhowlittleIdeservetobecalledaprofessionalwoman,howlittleIknowofthestrugglesanddifficultiesofsuchlives,Ihavetoadmitthatinsteadofspendingthatsumuponbreadandbutter,rent,shoesandstockings,orbutcher'sbills.Iwentoutandboughtacat-abeautifulcat,aPersiancat,whichverysooninvolvedmeinbitterdisputeswithmyneighbors.

Theimpliedmeaningisthatinthelivesofprofessionalwomenthereareusuallystrugglesanddifficulties.Whentheymakesomemoney,theywouldspenditonbreadandbutter,rent,shoesandstockingsorbutcher'sbills.Allofwhicharebasicdailynecessities.12/61

(1)

breadandbutter:asetphrase,meansfoodandthemostimportantandbasicthings.rhetoricaldevice--synecdoche提喻breadandbutter---foodsynecdoche:apartisusedforawhole,anindividualforaclass,amaterialforathing,orthereverseofanyofthese.Agoodsynecdocheisbasedonanimportantpartofthewholeandnotaminorpartand,usually,thepartselectedtostandforthewholeisthepartmostdirectlyassociatedwiththesubjectunderdiscussion.E.g.1.Weneed50handsforthework.(Handsratherthanfeetareusedtostandforpeople)2.Heisafootsoldier.(footforinfantry[ɪnfəntri]步兵)13/61Moreexamplesforsynecdoche:A.Thepartforthewhole1.head:person—Hepaidtheworkers$5perhead.2.heart:bravefellow—Yetthereweresomestoutheartswhoattemptedresistance.B.Thewholeforthepart1.Nameofcountryforgroupofpeopleofthatcountry—AustraliabeatCanadaatfootball.(=theAustralianteambeattheCanadianteam)2.Thepersonforpartofhisbody—Thenhecutmeopenandtookouttheappendixandstitchedmeupagain(=cuthisabdomen['æbdəmən]

腹部open).14/61(2)

butcher’sbills:Butcher’sbillsstandformeatboughtfromabutcher.Thisismetonymy.

butcher’sbills---meat

(metonymy)15/61Para3WasWoolf’sfirstarticleeasytowrite?Whatdidshehavetodobattlewithduringthewritingprocess?WhatistheAngelintheHouselike?Whatdidtheauthordowiththeangel?Wastheangelinthehouseeasytokill?DoChinesewomenhavetodothesamebattle?16/61MainideasofPara3

Thespeakerfocusesonthefirstobstacletobecomingaprofessionalwomenwriter.Sheusesafigureofspeech“killingtheAngelintheHouse”indescribingherdeterminationtogetridoftheconventionalroleofwomeninherwriting.17/61

Whatcouldbeeasierthantowritearticles…Butwaitamoment.

(1)Thespeakerbeginsthispartwitharhetoricalquestion,whichexpectsnoanswer.ThequestionimpliesthatwritingarticlesandbuyingPersiancatswiththeprofitswereveryeasy.(2)“Waitamoment”callsforasecondthoughtormoreattentionfromtheaudience,signifyingthatthingsmaynotbeaseasyastheyseemtobe,andthatsomethingimportantiscomingup.Thetwosentencesserveasatransitionaldevicelinkinghersimplestorywithadiscussionofamoreseriousnature.18/61

AndwhileIwaswritingthisreview…dobattlewithacertainphantom.

(1)

dobattlewith:toarguewithsomeoneorfightagainstsomeone.(2)

phantom:Theword“phantom”iswellchosenforthediscourse.Ithasaliterarymeaningandafigurativemeaning.Literarilyitmeansghostlyimageorfigure;ghost.

Figuratively,itmeans

unrealorimaginedthing,asseeninadreamorvision;illusion.Bothmeaningssuitthecontexthere.Inthetext,thephantomappearstothesightintheformofanangel,andalsoitisamentalrepresentationofthestereotypedVictorianwoman.19/61(1)after:(especiallyinBritishEnglish)giventhesamenameassomeoneelse,especiallyanoldermemberofyourfamily,e.g.HernameisElizabeth,afterhergrandmother.(2)heroine:thecentralfemalecharacterinanovel,play,etc.,withwhomthereaderoraudienceissupposedtosympathize(3)TheAngelintheHouse:seeNote8inthetextbook.CoventryPatmore,theauthorofthepoem,TheAngelintheHose,seeshiswifeEmilyasaperfectVictorianwifeandheadofthehome,thuscomparinghertoanangel.Icalledheraftertheheroineofafamouspoem,TheAngelinthehouse.Tobecontinued20/61(4)angel:Theoriginalmeaningoftheword“angel”isamessengerofGodandasupernaturalbeingtowhomareattributedgreaterthanhumanpower,intelligence,etc.Theconventionalizedimageofanangelisoneofawhite-robedfigureinhumanformwithwingsandahalo.Whenusedfiguratively,thewordmeansapersonregardedasbeingasbeautiful,good,andinnocent,etc.asanangel,especiallysaidofwomenandchildren.Sinceanangelissupernaturalandoftenfemale,itisappropriatefortheauthortocallthephantomanangel.21/61QualitiesoftheangelinthehouseIntenselysympathetic----strongemotion,firm,seriousImmenselycharming----limitless,vastandhugeUtterlycharming----totally,completely,unconditionally22/61

Shewassoconstitutedthatsheneverhadamindorwishofherown.

Paraphrase1:Shewasmadeuporformedinsuchawaythatsheneverhadanopinionorwishofherown.Paraphrase2:thetraditionalvaluesthatweresodeeplyrootedinherminddeprivedherofamindofherown.23/61usealltheartsandwilesofoursexArtsandwiles:thetwowordsmeansthesamething“theslyandcunningtricks”.Theauthorisurgedtousethetricksofthefemalesexbecauseawomanhastodosoinordertobesuccessfulinamen-dominatedprofessionHeretheword“arts”(inthepluralform)issynonymoftheword“wiles”.wile:[wail]

n.阴谋theuseoftrickstodeceivesomeone24/61Andshemadeasiftoguidemypen:Shemovedinawaythatitseemthatsheisgoingtoguidemywriting.Makeasiftodosomething:moveinawaythatmakesitseemthatyouaregoingtodosomething.e.g.Fred,stillgrinningme,madeasiftohitme.弗莱德，一直抓着我，似乎要打我。25/61Inowrecordtheoneactforwhich…下面我要说说多少是我自己决定一个事情，当然此事功劳主要应归功于我了不起祖先，是他们给我留下了一笔财产——比如说每年五百英镑——这么我就无须完全靠女人魅力去某生了。credit:praise;approvalforanact,abilityoraquality.26/61Iturneduponherandcaughtherbythethroat.turneuponsb:attacksbviolentlycatchsbbythethroat:扼住某人喉咙27/61…ifIweretobehadupinacourtoflaw,…

Havesb.up:takesbto(inf.):takesbtocourt.Eg.Lastyearhewashadupfordrunkendriving.28/61HadInotkilledhershewouldhavekilledme.Shewouldhavepluckedtheheartoutofmywriting.Tokilltheangel

:togetridofthoseVictorianattitudesandvaluescompletely---ifshehadnotdoneso,theseconventionalideaswouldhavedestroyedher.Itisalife-to-deathstruggle.theVictorianconventionsofbeingawomanwilltaketheessenceofherwriting,whichis,asexplainedinthenextsentence,havingamindofyourown,expressingwhatyouthinktobethetruthabouthumanrelations,morality,andsex.Thesentencemeans

thoseconventionalattitudeswouldhavetakenawaythemostimportantpartofherwriting,thatis,theessenceofherwriting.pluck:

v.摘,猛拉,拔.pullorpulloutsharplyheart:n.essence29/61Shediedhard.Shedidn’tdieeasily.Shehadtobekilled.theimpliedmeaningisthatonehadtofightagainsttheVictoriantraditionsbravelyandresolutelyinordertogetridofthem.30/61

ThoughIflattermyselfthatkilledherintheend,thestrugglewassevere;

……..Greekgrammar,roamingtheworldinsearchofadventuresToillustratebycomparison:---AlthoughImademyselfbelievethatIkilledherintheend,thestrugglewassevereandittooksomuchmoretimethanhadbeenexpectedthatonewouldratherspendallthattimeinlearningGreekgrammarortravelingintheworldinsearchofadventures.roam:v.漫游,闲逛,徜徉moveaboutaimlesslyorwithoutanydestination,ofteninsearchoffoodoremployment

31/61MainideasofPara4

AftertheAngelwasdead,thequestionwhichremainstobeansweredis“Whatisawoman?”Itisatransitionallinkbetweentheauthor’sfirstandsecondexperiences32/61Imean,whatisawoman?Imean,whatistheidentityofawoman?Theseeminglysimplequestionofwhatisawomanaddressedtheverybasicquestionabouttheidentityandtheroleofawomaninsociety.Whentraditionalvaluesarecriticized,ittakestimefornewvaluestobeshapedandaccepted.Itisalongprocess.33/61Idonotbelievethatanybodycanknowuntil…humanskill----Ibelievethattoknowwhatisawoman,wewomenhavetoparticipateinalltheartsandprofessionsopentohumanknowledgeandunderstandingandtogiveexpressionstoourfeelingsincreativeforms.Translation:我相信，只有妇女在人类知识所包括全部文学艺术和专业领域用创造形式表示自己情感后，她们才知道什么是妇女。Expressherself:tostateone’sthoughts;togiveexpressionstoone'sfeelings,imagination,etc,increativeorartisticactivityHumanskill:here,“skill”meansknowledge,understanding,judgment.Thedefinitionisnolongerinuse.

34/61Para5WhydidWoolfwanttobecomeanovelist?Whatisanovelist’schiefdesire?Whydoesanovelistwantlifetoproceedwiththeutmostquietandregularity?Whydoeshewanttodothesamethingsdayafterdayandmonthaftermonth?Accordingtowoolf,whatrousesawomanwriterfromhertrance?Domenallowwomenwritertotalkabouttheirbodyandpassion?35/61mainideaofParagraph5Asunconsciousaspossible–the2ndexperiencewoolftalksabouthersecondexperienceinherprofessionofliterature.Asanovelist,shewishedtoremain"asunconsciousaspossible"sothatnothingmightdisturbordisquiettheimagination.Butshewasfacedwiththeconflictbetweenherownapproachtoartandtheconventionalapproachexpectedofherbymalecritics.Shebelievedthatsex-consciousnesswasagreathindrancetowomen'swriting.Toillustratethispoint,sheemploysasecondfigureofspeech,"theimageofafishermanlyingsunkindreamsonthevergeofadeeplake."36/61proceeds:收益theincomeorprofitarisingfromsuchtransactionsasthesaleoflandorotherpropertyastillstrangerthing:更奇怪事情Heretheword“still”isanadverb,whichissimilarinmeaningto“even”.giveaway:Togiveawayiscolloquial,meaningtoexpose,reveal,orbetray.37/61Whyasunconsciousaspossible?Unconscious?

Firstlevelofinterpretation:Freudianconcept,whichreflectstheancientangersandanxietiesSecondlevel:dissatisfiedwithHenryJames’realisticideasonfictionin“theArtofFiction”,sheexploredthepsychologicalnatureofconsciousness.Asforwoolf,sheexploredthepsychologicalnatureofconsciousness.Thedescriptionoftheimmediateflowofhercharacters’thoughtsandtheirfeelingsofthemomentwasmoreimportantthantherealisticdepictionoftheirphysicalbehavior.38/61Hehastoinduceinhimselfastateofperpetuallethargy.Induce:v.引诱,招致,感应(formal)tocauseaparticularphysicalcondition.Lethargy:n.昏睡,瞌睡,无力气aconditionofabnormaldrowsiness;agreatlackofenergy;sluggishness,dullnessParaphrase:

hehastocauseinhimselfaparticularconditioninwhichhewillremainabnormally[æb'nɔ:məli]drowsyandsluggishforalongtime.39/61Hewantslifetoproceedwiththeutmostquietandregularity…theimaginationdisquiet:

disturbnosingabout:Thephraseissimilarinmeaningto“feeinground”,whichreallymeans“tosearchfor”.dart:

adartisasudden,quickmovementinaparticulardirectiondashes:

adashisasudden,swiftmovement,similartoadart.40/61Paraphrasing:Hewantslifetoproceedwiththeutmostquietandregularity…suddendiscoveriesofthatveryshyandillusivespirit,theimagination.

---Meetingpeople,readingbooksanddoingthingsaresomeoftheexternalfactorsoftheauthor’slife,theroutine,andthepredictablesocialevents.Wantingtoseethesamepeople,toreadthesamebooksanddothesamethingsfurtherexplainsherideaaboutlifewiththeutmostquietandregularity.Reducingeverydaylifetounchangingroutinesavoidshavingtopaymuchattentiontothepeopleandtheevents.Thisorientationhasledtotheestablishmentofsomewriters’coloniesorretreatcenterswhereforatimewritersdonothavetoworryaboutmeals,childrenorhousecleaningbutonlywrite.41/61Chinesetranslation:他希望在写作时，他天天见到人，读书，做事都是相同，这么任何事物都不会打破他生活幻想，也不会搅乱他四处探求以及对那令人难以琢磨东西—想象力突然发觉。42/61Whydoeshewantlifetoproceedwiththeutmostquietandregularity?Whydoeshewanttodothesamethingsdayafterdayandmonthaftermonth?

Torespondtothisquestion,wehavetousesomeFreudian(佛洛伊德学说)terms:43/61theegoandtheid.Freudpostulated(假定)theexistenceofthreeinternalforcesthatgovernaperson’spsychic(['saɪkɪk]

心灵)life(1)id(Identity本我）theinstinctualforcesoflife，unconscious,uncontrollable,andisolated;(2)theego(自我）theexternalforcethathascontactwiththerealworld;（3）thesuper-ego(超我）thegoverningforce,ormoralconscience,thatseekstocontrolandirecttheegointosociallyacceptablepatternsofbehavior.44/6145/61IntheFreudiansense,woolfisaskingthattheegomanagetheexternalfactorsofherlife----theroutine,thepredictablesocialevents,etc.----sothattheid(orunconscious)wouldbeunrestrained.Inotherwords,sheseekstranquility[træŋ'kwɪlətɪ]

平静;平静;安宁

inhersurroundingsinordernottodistractherimagination/unconsciousaway.Therefore,inordernotbedistractedfromhercreativeworkofwriting,awritershouldreducehiseverydaylifetounchangingroutinetoavoidpayingmuchattentiontothepeopleortheevents.46/61Iwantyoutoimagine

mewritinganovelinastateoftrance.Iwantyoutofiguretoyourselves

agirl

sittingwithapeninherinherhand,whichforminutes,andindeedforhouses,sheneverdipsintotheinkpot.Bothsentencesechotheideaexpressedearlierthatanovelist’schiefdesireistobeasunconsciousaspossible.

trance:[trɑ:ns]

n.梦幻之境,恍惚,apsychologicalstateinducedby(orasifinducedby)amagicalincantation我请你想象我在迷睡状态中写小说。

47/61TheimagethatcomestomymindwhenIthinkofthisgirlistheimageofafishermanlyingsunkindreamsonthevergeofadeeplakewitharodheldoutoverthewater.Dreamsisfunctionallyequalto“trance”-----asunconsciousaspossibleTranslation:当我想到这女孩时，脑海中出现出一个形象：一个深深湖边有一位钓鱼者，他手握鱼竿，沉醉在梦境中。48/61Shewaslettingherimaginationsweepunchecked…ourunconsciousbeingcranny:n.裂缝,裂隙asmallopeningorcrevice(especiallyinarockfaceorwall)Thedepthsofourunconsciousbeing:无意识最深层being:生存；存在

stateorfactofexistingorliving,existence,life;fundamentaloressentialnatureThesentencemeans:Shewaslettingherimaginationexplorefreelyeverycornerofherinnerworldthatlieshiddeninthedeepestpartsofourunconsciousexistence.

Translation:她正让她想象自由地擦过淹没在我们无意识最深层世界里每一个岩石和裂缝。49/61Tospeakwithoutfigureshehadthoughtofsomething…wouldbeshockedTospeakwithoutfigure:

不用修辞伎俩，直接了当说Theword“passion”impliesastrongemotionsuchaslove,sexualdriveordesireandlust.Thesentencemeansherimaginationwasexploringfreelyuntilshethoughtofsomething,somethingaboutthebody,aboutthepassions.Butsherealizedthatitwasunfittingforherasawomantotellthetruthaboutthebodyandaboutpassionsbecausemenwouldbeshocked.50/61Theconsciousnessofwhatmenwillsayofawoman…herartist’sstateofunconsciousness.---sherealizedthatmendidnotapproveofawomandaringtotellthetruthaboutthebodyandherpassions.Theywouldsurelysaybadthingsaboutsuchawoman.Thisrealizationinterruptedherimaginationandrousedherfromthestateofunconsciousness,inwhichanartistdesiredtobe.Translation:她意识到男人们会怎样议论一个敢讲相关激情真话女人，这使她从艺术家无意识状态中惊醒了。51/61Theywereimpededbytheextremeconventionalityoftheothersex:impede:v.妨碍,妨碍,阻止

beahindranceorobstacletoconventionality:n.陈规陋习,因袭传统theextremeconventionalityoftheothersex：男性极端因循守旧…Idoubt...:Idon’tthink…severity:n.严格,严重,严厉.

----Theprogressofwomenwriterswashinderedbymen’sextremelyconventionalthoughtsandbehaviors.52/61Para6Whyisthesecondobstaclemoredifficulttosolve?53/61WhatisthemainideaofPara6

Thisparagraphsumsuptheauthor'stwoexperiences,pointingoutthatthesecondobstacleismoredifficulttoovercomethanthefirst.Womenhavemanyprejudicestoovercomeintheprofessionofliterature