2022北京海淀区高三二模英语查漏补缺试题及答案

海淀区2021—2022学年高三英语第二学期综合练习2022.05本试卷共1010090作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）ABCD并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TheTurnaroundAnxiously,Ilookedthroughtheroster(花名册)postedonthewall.Mybody1asIsawallmyfriends’namesbutdidnotfindmine.Icouldfeelthetearsbuildinginmyeyes.Ifeltinside,likenothingmattered.2WhenIgotbackhome,myfathernoticedmysullenwalkandgloomyface,andaskedmewhatwaswrong.“Allmyfriends3theschoolteam.Everyone!Exceptme…”Istammered.“Well,whatareyougoingtodoaboutit?Areyoujustgoingtositthere?”heasked.Ididn’tknowwhattosay,justshakingmyhead.Ithoughthardforthirtyminutesaboutwhatmydadsaid,anditstartedmakingwouldhavetoearnit.4.Nobodywasgoingtogivemea5onthatteam.I6,therewasagymnearmyschool,soassoonasschoolwasover,Ibikedtothegymandtrainedhard.Iran,dribbled,andshotuntilIontheflooreverysingleday.Therewerethroughit.Afterall,Ithought,7momentswhenIdidn’tthinkIcouldkeepongoing,butIhardworkbeatstalentwhentalentdoesn’tworkhard.8Afteralmostayear,Itriedoutformyseventh-gradeteamwithgreatconfidence.Regardlessoftheoutcome,IknewthatIhadworkedhardandlearnedsomethingaboutmental.Thenextday,seeingmynameprintedinlargeboldletters,IrealizedImadeit.Thegreatertheeffort,9the10thereward,andIofficiallymadeaturnaround.1.A.froze2.A.calmB.changedB.lonelyC.shookD.expandedD.deadC.nervousC.acceptedC.sense3.A.made4.A.history5.A.taskB.supportedB.troubleD.celebratedD.wayB.spotC.handD.rewardD.Honestly6.A.AccidentallyB.ConvenientlyC.Temporarily7.A.rolled8.A.sawB.movedB.walkedB.flexibilityB.funnierC.struggledC.poweredC.well-beingC.sweeterD.collapsedD.looked9.A.toughness10.A.purerD.sufferingD.quicker第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ASomehighschoolstudentshavebuiltpurifierstohelpfightagainstdisease.Theyputthepurifierstogetherwithmaterialslikefans,andhadmanytrialstotesttheireffectivenessinfilteringoutviralparticles.Thegoalwastomakeclassroomssaferandthestudents11theirmission—thefiltersweretested90%efficient.“Idon’tlikewearingmasks—theyget(annoy)whenthey’reonlongenough,”saidoneofthestudents.“So,yes,Ilikethepurifiers,which(accomplish)12makemefeel13(protect),beingaroundeveryonebutnothavingtoworryaboutgettingsick.”BYourfinancialIQisthekindofintelligence14helpsyoucomprehendhowmoneyworkssoyoucanmanageitwell.Inotherwords,havingfinancialintelligence15(enhance)yourcompetencetohandlemoneyresponsiblyandwiselyoverthelongterm.Itempowersyou16(make)goodfinancialdecisionsandtotakeadvantageofmoney-makingopportunitiesthatpresentthemselves.YoucanimproveyourfinancialIQbyeducatingyourself,gettinghelpfrom17(financial)intelligentpeoplearoundyouandcreatingbudgets.CNowadays,manypeoplehavemorethanonejob,oraslashcareer.Forpeopleencouragingslashcareers,secondaryjobswillbecome18(enjoy)iftheycanincludeintereststheprimaryjobdoesn’ttouch.Ontheotherhand,aslashcareercanbedangerousforwork-lifebalance.Workingmorethanonejobcanfillupallofyourtime.Onemightgiveupnecessarythings_19relaxation,exerciseortimewithone’sfamily.Peoplewithslashcareersneedtothinkcarefullyabouttheyusetheirtime.20第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhenteaching,alwaysassumetheworst!No,that’snotsomeworld-wearycalltopessimism,butactuallyapositivestrategyforsupportingstudentsintheclassroom.Considertheproblemsthatcanarisewhenyoudon’tdothis,andinsteadtakeasyourstartingassumptionthatthingsareprobably,basicallyokay:Teacher:Didyougetonallrightwiththehomeworkquestions?Student:Er,yes…Teacher:Arethereanyyouwanttogothrough?Student:Er,no—it’sfine…What’sgoingonhere?Thestudentclearlyfeelsthat“yes”istheexpectedanswertothefirstquestion,buthavingsaidthat,they’rethenmoreorlessforcedintoanswering“no”tothesecond.Anyproblemstheymighthaveexperiencedareburied,andconsequentlygounresolved.Amuchbetterapproachistoassumetheworst,tothepointofsettingupfailureasthestartingpoint.Then,ifnecessary,thestudentcanbeinthehappypositionofbringingyougoodnews,whichgivestheimpressionofplacingtheminamorepowerfulposition.Let’simaginethatsameexchangeagain:Teacher:Thosehomeworkquestionswerehard.Didyoumanageanyofthem?Student:Yes,Ididthefirstone,butIcouldn’tdoanyoftheothers.Teacher:Okay—doyouwanttogothroughtheothers?Student:Yes,please.Thistime,we’vemadeiteasyforthestudenttoadmittheirdifficulties.There’snopretense(借口)aroundeverythingbeingfinewhenitisn’t,andnoshameinthestudentadmittingtohavingproblems,asthat’sclearlytheteacher’sstartingassumption.Ittakesnolongertoframethingsthiswayround,butmakesitsomucheasierforthestudenttobehonest.Paradoxically,it’salsomuchmorepositiveinthatthestudentisconstantlyexceedingtheteacher’sexpectations—“Youmanagedquestionone?Welldone!Now,let’slookattheothers…”Everycounsellorknowsthatiftheyaskaclient“Didyouhaveagoodweek?”,they’remorelikelytogetapositiveresponse,becauseit’saleadingquestionthatdoesn’tcommunicateastronginterestinhearingthetruth.Instead,amoreneutralquestionlike“Howwasyourweek?”ismuchmorelikelytoelicitanhonestresponse.Thesameappliesintheclassroom.Wewanttoavoidfakeryandbeingtoldwhatwewanttohear.Instead,wehavetoprobefortheproblems,thedifficulties,thethingsthatmakenosensetothestudent,andmakeiteasyforthemtotellusthosethings.21.Whichquestionispreferredaccordingtotheauthor?A.Didyoumanageanyofthehardquestionsinthehomework?B.Didyougetonallrightwiththehomeworkquestions?C.Doyouhaveanyquestionsyouwanttogothrough?D.Doyouthinkthehomeworkquestionsarehard?22.Accordingtothepassage,goodquestions______.A.promotecommunicationsB.shouldbebasedonhonestyC.revealdifferentassumptionsD.oughttomakeothershappy23.Thisarticleismainlyintendedfor______.A.parentsB.teachersC.studentsDresearchersBTheysayprocrastination(拖延)isthethiefoftime,butactuallydeadlinesare.Newresearchhasfoundthatifyouwantsomeonetohelpyououtwithsomething,itisbestnottosetadeadlineatall.Butifyoudosetadeadline,makeitshort.ProfessorStephenKnowlestestedtheeffectofdeadlinelengthontaskcompletionfortheirresearch.Participantswereinvitedtocompleteanonlinesurveyconcerningacharitydonation.Theyweregiveneitheroneweek,onemonth,ornodeadlinetorespond.ProfessorKnowlessaysalthoughthetopicofthesurveywasaboutcharity,theresultsaretrueofanysituationwheresomeoneasksanotherpersonforhelp.Thestudyfoundresponsestothesurveywerelowestfortheone-monthdeadlineandhighestwhennodeadlinewasspecified.Nodeadlineandtheone-weekdeadlineledtomanyearlyresponses,whilealongdeadlineappearedtogivepeoplepermissiontoprocrastinate,andthenforget.ProfessorKnowleswasn’tsurprisedtofindthatspecifyingashorterdeadlineincreasedthechancesofreceivingaresponsecomparedtoalongerdeadline.However,hedidfinditinterestingthattheyreceivedthemostresponseswhennodeadlinewasspecified.“Weinterpretthisasevidencethatspecifyingalongerdeadline,asopposedtoashortdeadlineornodeadlineatall,removestheurgencytoact,”hesays.“Peoplethereforeputoffundertakingthetask,andsincetheyareinattentiveorforget,postponingitresultsinlowerresponserates.”Hesaysoftheresearchthatitispossiblethatnotspecifyingadeadlinemightstillhaveledparticipantstoassumethatthereisanunspokendeadline.ProfessorKnowleshopeshisresearchcanhelpreducetheamountofprocrastinatingpeopledo.“Manypeopleprocrastinate.Theyhavethebestintentionsofhelpingsomeoneout,butjustdonotgetaroundtodoingit.”24.WhydidProfessorKnowlesdotheresearch?A.Tofindoutwhetherpeopleareinterestedincharity.B.Tostudytheroleadeadlineplaysinprocrastination.C.Totesttheeffectofprocrastinationontaskcompletion.D.Toattractpublicattentiontotheeffectsofprocrastination.25.Whydopeopleprocrastinatewhengivenalongdeadline?A.Theyopposethedeadline.B.Theyareunwillingtoact.C.Theylackasenseofurgency.D.Theyaretoobusytoremember.26.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Procrastination—theThiefofTimeB.Procrastination—anUrgentProblemtoSolveC.Deadline—aResultofProcrastinationD.Deadline—theKeytoManagingProcrastinationCItwas2005andscientistsinCapeTownmadeashockingdiscovery.TheirtrackingdatashowedagreatwhitesharkmovingfromSouthAfricatoAustraliaandbackagaininanearstraightline.Itwasthefastesttransoceanicreturnmigrationeverrecordedanditwascarriedoutwithnearpinpointaccuracy.Today,it’swellknownthatsharksmakeyearlyreturnssuchasthistospecificlocations,buthowexactlytheydoithasescapedconsensus.AgroupofscientistsfromFloridaStateUniversityhastakenonthequestionandconcludedthatsharkshaveaninternal,GPS-likenavigationsystemthatallowsthemtoreadtheEarth’sgeomagneticfield.Toconducttheresearch,theteamfirstgot20juvenilebonnetheadsharksinStGeorgeSoundofftheFloridaPanhandle,andplacedtheminasmallpoolsurroundedbycopperwire.Thewireallowedtheresearcherstocreateacustommagneticfieldinthecentreofthepool.Exposedtothemagneticfieldfromthecapturelocation,thesharksswaminrandomdirectionsatleisure;butwhenexposedtothegeomagneticfieldthatwouldbefound600kilometressouthofthatspot,theyswamnorthina“homewardorientation”.Researchershavesuspectedthatsharksandsawfishdetectmagneticfieldssincethe1970s,buttheexactmechanismbywhichtheydoso,andtheprevalenceofthisskillinnaturehasprovenelusive,partlybecauseit’ssodifficulttostudy.“We’veknownforsometimethatsharkshavetheabilitytodetectthemagneticfield,butthisisthefirsttimeithasbeentestedsuccessfully,”saysBryanKeller,ascientistattheUSNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.“Weexpecttheseabilitiesarealsoobservedinotherspecies,likethegreatwhite,whichmigrate20,000kilometresoutandbacktothesamespot.”Theresultsmeanthatsomesharkscanbeaddedtothegrowinglistofanimalsthatnavigatebymagneticsensation,whichincludesseaturtles,lobstersandbirds.Withthesharknavigationsystemnowdemonstrated,scientistswanttounderstandthemechanismbehindit.Twotheorieshaveemerged:someresearchersbelievethatitdependsonanironmineralcalledmagnetite;othersbelieveit’sbasedonamagnetic-field-sensingmoleculeintheretina(视网膜)oftheeyecalledcryptochrome.Boththeories,oracombinationofthetwo,areplausible.Magnetitehasbeenisolatedfrommanyanimaltissues,whileevidencefromstudiesinbirdssuggeststhattheysensetheinclinationofthemagneticfieldusingcryptochromemoleculesintheirretinas;thedirectionofthefieldistransmittedbytheopticnervetothebrain,whichallowsthemto“visualize”northandsouth.Butscientistsdon’tyetknowthepreciselocationofthecryptochromereceptors,orthebraincentresthatprocesstheinformationonthemagneticfield.There’smoreworktodototrulyunderstandthesemasterfulnavigators.27.ScientistsinCapeTowndiscoveredsharkscould______.A.migratefastandaccuratelyB.navigatebymagneticsystemC.detectmagneticfieldspreciselyD.swiminastraightlineperfectly28.IntheFloridaStateUniversityresearch,thesharksswamnorthbecausethey______.A.lostthenavigationsystemB.couldnotdetectmagneticfieldsC.sensedtheirhomemagneticfieldD.wereexposedtoastrangemagneticfield29.Theunderlinedword“elusive”inparagraph3probablymeans______.A.unique30.Thelastparagraphmainlytalksabout______ofsharknavigationsystem.A.theevolutionB.theapplicationC.theadvantagesD.themechanismB.unattainableC.complexD.superiorD“Doesmysmilelookbiginthis?”Futurefitting-roommirrorsinclothingstorescouldsubtlyadjustyourreflectiontomakeyoulook—andhencefeel—happier,encouragingyoutolikewhatyousee.ꢀꢀThat’stheideabehindtheEmotionEvokingSystemdevelopedbyShigeoYoshidaandcolleaguesattheUniversityofTokyoinJapan.Thesystemcanmanipulate,orinotherwords,controlyouremotionsandpersonalpreferencesbypresentingyouwithanimageofyourownsmilingorfrowningface.ꢀꢀTheprinciplethatphysiologicalchangescandriveemotionalones—thatlaughtercomesbeforehappiness,ratherthantheotherwayaround—isawell-establishedidea.ꢀꢀTheresearcherswantedtoseeifthisideacouldbeusedtobuildacomputersystemthatmanipulateshowyoufeel.Thesystemworksbypresentingtheuserwithaweb-cameraimageofhisorherface—asiftheywerelookinginamirror.Theimageisthensubtlyalteredwithsoftware,turningthecornersofthemouthupordownandchangingtheareaaroundtheeyes,sothatthepersonappearstosmileorfrown.ꢀꢀWithouttellingthemtheaimofthestudy,theteamrecruited21volunteersandaskedthemtositinfrontofthescreenwhileperforminganunrelatedtask.Whenthetaskwascomplete,theparticipantsratedhowtheyfelt.Whenthefacesonscreenappearedtosmile,peoplereportedthattheyfelthappier.Ontheotherhand,whentheimagewasgivenasadexpression,theyreportedfeelinglesshappy.ꢀꢀYoshidaandhiscolleaguestestedwhethermanipulatingthevolunteers’emotionalstatewouldinfluencetheirpreferences.Eachpersonwasgivenascarftowearandagainpresentedwiththealteredwebcamimage.Thevolunteersthatsawthemselvessmilingwhilewearingthescarfweremorelikelytoreportthattheylikedit,andthosethatsawthemselvesnotsmilingwerelesslikely.ꢀꢀThesystemcouldbeusedtomanipulateconsumers’impressionsofproducts,saidtheresearchers.Forexample,mirrorsinclothing-storefittingroomscouldbereplacedwithscreensshowingalteredreflections.Theyalsosuggestpeoplemaybemorelikelytofindclothesattractiveiftheyseethemselveslookinghappywhiletryingthemon.ꢀꢀ“It’scertainlyaninterestingarea,”saysChrisCreedattheUniversityofBirmingham,UK.Buthenotesthatusingsuchtechnologyinashopwouldbeharderthaninthelab,becausepeoplewilluseawiderangeofexpressions.“Attemptingtomakeslightdifferencestotheseandensuringthatthereflectedimagelooksbelievablewouldbemuchmorechallenging,”hesays.Ofcourse,therearealsoimportantmoralquestionssurroundingsuchsubtlymanipulativetechnology.“Youcouldarguethatifitmakespeoplehappy,whatharmisitdoing?”saysCreed.“ButIcanimaginethatmanypeoplemayfeelmanipulated,uncomfortableandcheatediftheyfoundout.”31.What’sthemainpurposeoftheEmotionEvokingSystem?A.Toseewhetherlaughtercomesbeforehappiness.ꢀꢀB.Toseewhetherone’sfacialexpressionscanbealtered.C.Toseewhetherone’sfeelingcanbeunconsciouslyaffected.D.Toreplacethemirrorsinfutureclothing-storefittingrooms.32.Whatcanwelearnabouttheweb-cameraimageinthestudy?A.Itgavethevolunteersafalseimage.B.Itattemptedtomakethevolunteersfeelhappier.C.Itrecordedthevolunteers’performanceinthetask.D.Itbeautifiedthevolunteers’appearanceinthemirror.33.WhatdoesCreedmentionasalimitationofthetechnology?A.Itonlyworksinclothingstores.B.Itonlymakessubtlechangestopeople’sexpressions.C.Itonlychangestheareasaroundthemouthandtheeyes.D.Itonlydealswithalimitednumberoffacialexpressions.34.WhatdoesCreed’scommentonthemoralissueswiththistechnologyimply?ꢀꢀA.Nothingismoreimportantthanhappiness.ꢀꢀB.Technologyisunabletomanipulatepeople.ꢀꢀC.Peopleshouldneglecttheharmofthetechnology.ꢀꢀD.Peopleshouldhavetherighttomakedecisionsindependently.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。My,whatabigbeakyouhave!Forhumans,adaptingtoclimatechangewillmostlybeamatteroftechnology.Moreairconditioning,better-designedhousesandbiggerflooddefensesmayhelptomaketheeffectsofawarmerworldlessharmful.35InapaperpublishedinTrends&Evolution,ateamledbySaraRyding,aPhDcandidateatDeakinUniversity,showsthatisalreadyhappening.Climatechangeisalreadyalteringthebodiesofmanyanimalspecies,givingthembiggerbeaks(喙),legsandears.InsomespeciesofAustralianparrot,forinstance,beaksizehasincreasedbybetween4%and10%since1871.Anotherstudy,thistimeinNorthAmericandark-eyedjuncos,anotherbird,foundthesamepattern.36Allthatisperfectlyconsistentwithevolutionarytheory.“Allen’srule”,namedforJoelAsaphAllen,whosuggesteditin1877,holdsthatwarm-bloodedanimalsinhotplacestendtohavelargerbodypartsthanthoseintemperate(温带的)regions.37Beingrichlyfilledwithbloodvessels,andnotcoveredbyfeathers,beaksmakeanidealplaceforbirdstogetridofheat.Fennecfoxes,meanwhile,whicharenativetotheSaharaDesert,havestrikinglylargeears,especiallycomparedwiththeirArcticcousins.Ms.Rydingisnotthefirstresearchertotakethatapproach.Butitishard,whendealingwithindividualspecies,toprovethatclimatechangewasthecauseofananatomical(解剖学的)changes.Allsortsofotherfactors,fromchangesinpreytotheevolvingreproductivepreferencesofmalesorfemales,mighthavebeendrivingthechanges.38Theteamcombineddatafromdifferentspeciesindifferentplaces.Sincetheyhavelittleincommonapartfromlivingonawarmingplanet,climatechangeisthemostreasonableexplanation.39Thatmaychangeaswarmingaccelerates.Sinceanyevolutionaryadaptationcomeswithtrade-offs(妥协),itisunclearhowfartheprocessmightgo.Biggerbeaksmightmakefeedingharder,forinstance.Largerwingsareheavier,andbiggerlegscostmoreenergytogrow.A.However,lookingatthebiggerpicturemakesthepatternclearer.B.Fornow,atleast,theincreaseissmall,nevermuchmorethan10%.C.Animalswillhavetorelyonchangingtheirbodiesortheirbehaviors.D.Itseemsthatthefutureworldisgoingtobehotterthanhumansareusedto.E.Therefore,thenegativeeffectsofawarmerworldarevisibleintheseanimals’bodies.F.Suchadaptationsboostananimal’ssurfacearearelativetoitsbody,helpingittoreleaseextraheat.G.Similartrendsareseeninmammals,withspeciesofmiceandbatsevolvingbiggerears,legsandwings.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。ThePowerofDeterminationYourquestforsuccessandhappinessbeginswithrightintentions.Itculminates(达到顶点)whenyoureachyourchosengoals.Whatsustainsyoureffortinbetweenisyourdetermination.Whatcarriesyoutowardsyourgoalsisyourdetermination.Itmeansthefirmnessofpurposeorintention.Ifthereisonegiftthatyoucangivetoyourselfinyourlifetobewhatyouwanttobe,itisthepowerofdetermination.Withoutityouareamerepassivespectatorinthedramaofyourlife.Ifthereisonequalitythatmakesadifferencebetweenawinnerandaloseroraleaderandafollower,itisthepowerofdetermination.Withoutit,youmaydreamwilddreams,butyouwillnotaccomplishmuchinlife.Ifyouhavedetermination,nothingcanstopyouanddeteryoufromfollowingyourcourseofactiontoachieveyourgoalsorrealizeyourdreams.Obstaclesmayariseandobstructyourprogress.Theymaydelayyoursuccess,disturbyoutemporarily,andmayevenmisleadyou,buttheycannotwithstandthepowerofdetermination.Itisthepowerthatyougeneratewithinyourselftoremaincommittedtoyourpathandconviction,andmarchtowardsyourcherishedgoals.Beforeyoutakeupanyprojectorgoal,youshouldknowwhetheryouhavethedeterminationtosticktoyourplansandreachyourgoals.Yourdeterminationhastoarisefromwithinandderiveitsreinforcementfromyourthinkingandbeliefsratherthancircumstances.Onlythenwillyoubeabletosustainyoureffort,evenwhenthegoinggetstough.Determinationisyourinnerstrength.Likethehardwoodinsideatree,itgivesyouthepowertostandtallandfacethewindsofturmoil.Withdetermination,youcancrushthemountainsoffearanddoubtsinyou.Youcanfindyourwaythroughthemostdifficultsituations.Determinationdoesnotmeanyouwillbeinsensitivetotherealityofthesituation.Adeterminedpersonisalsoanadaptableandflexibleperson.Heisnotinterestedinbeingtoughfortoughnesssake,buttoovercomeobstaclesandreachhisgoals.Hence,heremainsopen-mindedaboutpossibilitiesandopportunities,butfirminhiscommitmentandconvictions.Disciplineanddeterminationgotogether.Ifyouhavethem,youbecomeuns