高考英语全程一轮复习Unit3Conservation学生用书北师大版选择性

UNIT3CONSERVATION【基础回顾】►核心词汇——写其形1．________________adj.紧急的，急迫的2．________________adv.非常地，极端地3．________________adj.灭绝的，绝种的4．________________vi.&vt.猎取，猎杀5．________________adv.非法地，违法地6．________________vi.&vt.转换，改变7．________________n.威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能8．________________vi.&vt.再利用，回收利用9．________________n.一项，一条10．________________vt.破坏；毁掉11．________________adj.塑料制的12．________________n.保护►阅读词汇——知其意1．cutleryn.________________2．swallowvi.&vt.________________3．innovativeadj.________________4．coconutn.________________5．solaradj.________________6．packagingn.________________7．chopsticksn.________________8．cartonn.________________9．counciln.________________10．hatchvi.&vt.________________11．packetn.________________►拓展词汇——通其变1.conservev.保护→________n.保护2．increasev.增加→________vi.&vt.减少n.减少；减少的量3．opposevt.反对→________adj.对面的；另一边的；相反的n.对立面；对立的人/物→________n.反对者；对手，敌手4．collectv.收集；收藏→________n.收集；收藏品；专辑5．consumev.消费→________n.消费者→________n．消费6．instancen.例子，实例→________(adj.立即的)→________adv.立刻，马上7．destroyvt.破坏，毁坏→________n.破坏，毁坏8．storev.贮存→________vt.(使)恢复9．chemistryn.化学→________n.化学品adj.化学的10．dangern.危险→________adj.危险的→________vt.使遭危险；危害；危及→________adj.濒危的►高频短语——记得牢1．________________起某种作用2．________________彻底毁灭3．________________开始做某事，着手进行4．________________与……有关联5．________________尽自己的职责6．________________把……归咎于7．trafficjam________________8．forinstance________________9．dieout________________10．beatrisk________________11．stressedout________________12．sumup________________►典型句式——懂其用1．it作形式主语替代that引导的主语从句________________________________humanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。2．as引导各类状语从句Trafficisoneofthemajorcausesofglobalwarmingandclimatechange,________________________________________．交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，因为汽车发动机会产生各类温室气体。3．while引导并列句，表对比Upto90peoplecantravelinonebus,________________________________________willneedatleast18cars.一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而乘坐小汽车这些人至少需要18辆车。【核心考点】►第一版块|重点单词1．threatn．[C]构成威胁的人，形成威胁的事物；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能；[C，U]威胁，恐吓poseathreatto...对……构成威胁underthreat受到威胁threatvt.威胁到，危及；威胁，恐吓threatenedadj.受到威胁的threateningadj.带有威胁的◎单句语法填空①Wildlifehasbeengreatly________(threat)inthemodernage.②FloatingicearoundIcelandwasbecomingathreat________navigation.③Someculturesseedirecteyecontactasimpoliteor________(threaten)behavior,whileAmericansseeitasasignofhonesty.④Batsare________threatinmanyareasoftheworld.Thenumberofthemhasgonedowntosuchalevelthattheremainingmembersmaynotbeenoughtokeepthespecies.2．switchvt.&vi.(使)改变；vt.交换，转换，对调n．[C](电路的)开关，闸，转换器；改变，转变switch(fromA)toB(由A)转变成Bswitchoff/on关/开(电灯、机器等)switchoff不再关注，不再理睬switchover换台，换频道alightswitch电灯开关apolicyswitch政策的转变◎单句语法填空①Afterdinner,weoftenswitch________theTVtowatchthenews,thenswitch__________footballgames.At10o'clockweswitch________theTVandgotobed.②Notonlyisbikinggoodexercise,butswitching________acartoabikealsoreducestheamountofpollutionintheair.◎翻译句子③我妈妈让我在离开房间前记得关灯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．urgentadj.紧急的，紧迫的，迫切的Itisurgentthat...急需……(从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)urgesb.todosth.敦促/力劝某人做某事urgethat...主张……(从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)◎单句语法填空①Researchershavefoundthatredcanbringasenseof________(urge)intoourminds.②Itisurgentthatwe________(carry)outthealternativeplan.③Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildren________(take)advantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.4.huntvi.&vt.打猎；猎杀；搜寻；搜索；追踪；追捕n．搜寻；寻找；打猎huntforsth.搜寻某物huntforsb./sth.搜寻/寻找某人/某物huntern.[C]猎人；搜集某种东西的人◎单句语法填空①Thekidswere________(hunt)forshellsonthebeachwhileIwasreadinganewspaper.②Thefoxranawaybeforethe________(hunt)shotit.③Johnsetoutthatday________(hunt)forwork.④Policehavelaunchedanationwidehunt________thekiller.5．massadj.大批的，数量极多的，广泛的。仅用于名词前。n．[C]堆，团，块；[C，usuallysing.]大量，许多；[pl.]大量的东西n．[U](物理学中的)质量themasses[pl.]群众massproduction批量生产amassof一堆……；大量的……massesof成堆的……；大量的……alandmass陆块，地块◎判断下列句子中mass的词性及含义①ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmasses②Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamass③Pluto(冥王星)andTriton(海王卫一)havenearlythesamesize,mass,anddensity(密度).____________④Thegovernmentcaresmuchabouttheinterestsandwell­beingofthemasses.____________◎单句语法填空⑤Amassofwork________(do)topreventtheriverfrombeingpolluteduptonow.⑥Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook________(mass)ofpicturesofthem.6．decreasen．[C，U]减少，降低vi.&vt.(使大小、数量等)减少，减小，降低adecreasein...在……方面减少onthedecrease在减少decreaseby...减少了……(表示减少的量)decrease(from...)to...(从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量)decreasein...在……方面减少◎单句语法填空①InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreases________bearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.②Theaccidentshavedecreased________20%sincethemeasuresweretaken.③Thecrimerateinthisareahasdecreased________thelowestlevelnowadays.④TeaisstillalargepartofdailylifeintheUKtoday,butitseemstobe________thedecrease.⑤Foodpricesincreased________10%inlessthanayear.7．blamevt.责怪，指责，把……归咎于n．[U]责任，责备blame...for(doing)sth.因(做)某事责备……blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事betoblamefor(doing)sth.因(做)某事应受责备；对(做)某事负有责任(不定式用主动形式表示被动意义)take/beartheblameforsth.承担某事的责任lay/puttheblame(forsth.)on...把(某事的)责任归咎于……◎单句语法填空①Somepeopleblamethesmartphone________thetragedy,yetinfactpeople'sweakeningself­controlandself­disciplineare________(blame).②Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblame________thealarmclock.◎翻译句子③不要总是把自己的失败归咎于他人。你自己应该对其负责。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________④科学家认为该疾病的暴发应归咎于被污染的水。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．variedadj.各种各样的，形形色色的varyv.存在不同之处；使多样化varyfrom...to...在……到……的范围内变化variousadj.各种各样的varietyn.品种；种类；多样化；变种avarietyofsth.各种各样的某事/物◎单句语法填空①Thequalityoftheirproductsnever________(vary);itisalwaysexcellent.②Theseopinionschangewithtime,andvary________placetoplace.③Thesupermarketoffers________(vary)goodstochoosefrom,somoreandmorepeopleprefertoshopthere.◎翻译句子④人们对这部新剧发表了各种各样的意见。(varied)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑤大学所学的课程往往与当今工作所需要的各种知识和技能不相匹配。(varied)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．quantityn．[C，U]数量，数额，数目；大量；[U]量◎单句语法填空①Inthepicturewecanseethatthere________quantitiesofapplesinthebasketandthere________alargequantityofmilkinthebucket.(be)◎完成句子②若是你大量订购的话，我认为有可能会打折。Ifyouorderit________________________，Ithinkadiscountwillbepossible.10．awareadj.意识到的，明白的(1)be/becomeawareof...(＝beconsciousof..)知道……；察觉到……；意识到……beawarethat...知道……；察觉到……makesb.awareof/that...使某人知道……(2)unawareadj.不知道的；未意识到的；未察觉到的be/becomeunawareof...不知道……；未意识到……beunawarethat...不知道……；未察觉到……(3)awarenessn.意识；认识raise/increaseawarenessof...提高对……的意识◎单句语法填空①Hedidn'trealisehewasindangerandwas________(aware)ofwhatwasgoingonaroundhim.②Theprogrammeisaimedatraisingpublic________(aware)ofthedangerofdrugabuse.③Thoughfullyaware________hisdilemma,MarycontinuedherrelationwithClancy.④Haveyoubeenaware________underthetreeareascholarandtwoassistants.11.collectionn．收集；收藏品；专辑collectorn．收藏家；收集者；收票员(1)acollectionof...一批……(2)collectv.聚集；收集；搜集；收藏；领取；领走；征收；募集collectone'sthoughts使集中思想(3)collectiveadj.集体的；共有的◎单句语法填空①We________(collect)forthefloodvictimsnow.②Hebecameaticket________(collect)atWaterlooStationaftergraduation.③Hemadearrangementsforthe________(collect)ofhisbaggagefromtheairport.④Therewasacollection________dustinthecorner.⑤Thecountry'spoliticiansaregivinga________(collect)sighofrelief.12．anxiousadj.焦虑的，不安的beanxiousaboutsth./forsb.为某事/某人担心beanxioustodosth.渴望做某事beanxiousforsth.渴望得到某物beanxiousforsb.todosth.渴望某人做某事◎单句语法填空①Parentsareanxious________ourhealthandsafety.②Thereisgrowingpublic________(anxious)overlevelsofairpollutioninourcities.③Hecausedhisparentsgreat________(anxious)bycomingbackhomelate.④Itwasaclosematchandshewatched________(anxious)atthescreen.⑤We'reanxious________(hear)fromanyonewhocanhelp.⑥Iamanxious________hertodoaslittleaspossible.13．stickvt.(stuck,stuck);n．棒，棍(1)stickvt.粘贴；刺，插；放置；伸出sticksth.onsth.把一物贴在另一物上sticksth.insth.把一物刺入/插入/放进另一物里(2)stuckadj.卡住的，陷住的，无法移动的。常与in连用eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(（be）stuck（in...）,（get）stuck（in...）))陷(入)；困(于)◎完成句子①她在信封上贴了一张邮票。She________astampontheletter.②护士把针扎进他的胳膊里。Thenurse________(stick)aneedleinhisarm.③她把书放入抽屉里。She________(stick)herbookinthedrawer.④他把头伸出公交车窗外。He________hisheadoutofthebuswindow.⑤车陷入泥里了。Thecarwas________(stick)inthemud.⑥别走开，我过一会儿需要你帮助。________around.I'llneedyoutohelpmelater.14．annoyedadj.生气的，烦恼的(表示人自身的感受)(1)beannoyedwithsb.生某人的气beannoyedat/aboutsth.因某事生气beannoyedtodo/that...……使人恼火(2)annoyvt.使生气，使恼怒；打扰(3)annoyancen.[U]恼怒，烦恼；[C]使人烦恼的事tosb.'sannoyance让某人生气的是(4)annoyingadj.使恼怒的，使生气的，使烦恼的(表示事或物的性质)◎单句语法填空①Beingannoyed________otherpeopleeasilyisharmfultoyourhealth.②Shestayedawaketillmidnightbecauseofher________(annoy)sleepingproblem.③Whenevertheyounganimalisfrightenedor________(annoy),italwaysrushestoitsmother.④Toour________(annoy),theairconditionerbrokedownonthehottestnightoftheyear！15.relatevt.把……联系起来vi.相联系，有关联vt.讲述，叙述relate...to...把……和……联系起来berelatedto...与……有关联relateto涉及，与……相关，谈到；能够理解并同情relatesth.(tosb.)(向某人)讲述……◎单句语法填空①Notonlyislikabilityrelated________positivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.◎完成句子②他说的那些与我们现在讨论的有什么关系吗？Howdohisremarks________________？◎一句多译你应该写下与这个问题有关的所有信息。③Youshouldwritedownalltheinformation________________theproblem.④Youshouldwritedownalltheinformation________________theproblem.16．involvevt.包含，需要；涉及；使参与involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人参与(做)某事be/getinvolvedin/with参与；卷入；投入involvementn.参与；卷入；牵连◎用involve的正确形式填空①Itisreportedthattherearemanyhealthproblems________withsmoking.②Thankstoyour________，wesucceedincompletingtheproject.◎翻译句子③父母应当参与子女的教育。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________④不要把我牵扯到解决你的问题里。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________17.claimvt.声称；主张vt.&vi.(根据权利)要求；索要vt.认领；对……宣示所有权n.[C]主张；声称；断言；所有权；索赔；索要claimtodo/be...声称做/是……claimtohavedonesth.声称做过某事claim(that)...声称……Itis/wasclaimedthat...有人主张……haveaclaimonsth.拥有……的所有权makeaclaimforsth.对……提出要求/索赔◎单句语法填空①Twoyounggirlsclaimed________(see)thefairies.②Thelawyerclaimed________thedefendantwasnotguilty.③It________(claim)thatsomedoctorswereworking80hoursaweek.◎翻译句子④Thepolicesaidthatifnobodycametoclaimthewatch,youcouldkeepit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑤Heshouldbeabletoclaimbackhismoney.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18.memorialadj.纪念的n．[C]纪念物；纪念碑◎单句语法填空①Anactormustbeableto________(memory)hislines.②Hehad________goodmemoryforfaces,andhewassurehehadn'tseenherbefore.③Thechurchwasa________(memory)tothedisastervictims.④Hefoundedthecharity________memoryofhislatewife.►第二版块|重点短语1．cutdown削减，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)，可作及物短语动词和不及物短语动词；(自根基部分)砍倒，为及物短语动词。cut...down(to...)减少……(至……)cutdownon...减少……cutin插嘴cutout剪下cutup切碎cutoff停止，中断(供给)cutoff使……与外界隔绝◎用cut的相关短语完成句子①Thecompanyhas________________thegassupplytemporarilytorepairthedamagedgaspipe.②It'sratherimpoliteto________________whenotherpeoplearetalking.③Evidencesuggeststhattheykeptthefireburningallwinterandusedsharpenedstonetoolsto________________themeat.④Expertsthinktheamountofhomeworkforthestudentsshouldbe________________．2．indanger意为“处于危险中”，其后接of可构成indangerof...“处于……的危险中”。dangern.[U]危险indanger处于危险中outofdanger脱离危险dangerousadj.危险的endangervt.使处于险境，危及endangeredadj.濒危的◎选词填空：endanger/endangered/dangerous/结合danger的用法完成句子①Weshoulddowhatwecantosavethose________species,includingtigerswhichareconsidered________becausetheycan________people'slives.②Theoldmanisstill________________.Heisnobetterthanhewasyesterday.③IheardJackhadacaraccidentandwas________________losinghislife,butluckily,heis________________now.3．dieout灭绝，消失dieoff相继死去diefrom/of死于bedyingforsth.渴望某物，极想要某物bedyingtodosth.渴望做某事diedown(tobecomegraduallylessstrong,loud,noticeable,etc.)逐渐变弱，逐渐平息dieaway(tobecomegraduallyweakerorfainterandfinallydisappear)逐渐减弱，逐渐消失◎用die的相关短语完成句子①Withmoreandmorebirds______________，somedaysomespecieswill______________.Inaddition,someofthemhave________________environmentalpollution.②Don'tworry.Thestrongwindwill________________soonandwecangoouttohaveabaseballmatchasplanned.③NowI'mthirstyand________________aglassofwater.Ihavewalkedforalongtime.4．atrisk意为“有危险，冒风险”attheriskofdoingsth.冒着做某事的风险takearisk/risks(todosth.)冒险(做某事)runtherisk(ofsth./ofdoingsth.)冒……的风险；冒险(做某事)runrisks冒险riskdoingsth.冒险做某事◎结合risk的用法完成句子①Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn't________________________(冒险失去这次良好的机会).②Ifyou________________________(冒险不系安全带),youwillbe________________(处于危险中).③Inspiteofgreatdanger,thesoldierjumpedintotheriverand________________________(冒着生命危险救那个女孩).④Thoughitisfuntoplayonthefrozenriver,________________________(这有危险).5.setout(todosth.)开始做某事，着手进行……besetin...以……为背景setabout(doingsth.)开始(做某事)；着手(做某事)setaside留出(时间、钱等)；把……置于一旁setdown写下；记下；制订；规定setoff出发；引起；触响(警报等)；使(炸弹等)爆炸setup建立；创立；建起；竖起◎完成句子①她开始打扫屋子。She________________cleaningthehouse.②妈妈每个月都想存点钱。Mothertriesto________________everymonth.③开门会引发警报。Openingthedoorwill________________thealarm.④他们成功地完成了他们打算做的事。Theysucceededinwhattheyhave________________todo.⑤警察在出城的路上设置了路障。Thepolice________________roadblocksonroutesoutofthecity.⑥标准由管理机构制定。Thestandardswere________________bythegoverningbody.6.endupendupdoingsth.结果是做某事(表示伴随动作，强调结果)endupin...以……告终/结局(强调结果)endupwith...以……方式结束(强调方式)endupas...最终成为……endup＋adj.以……状况而告终endin...以……收场/结束/告终(多指以不好的结局收场)frombeginningtoend从头到尾intheend最后；终于attheendof...在……末端/尽头；在……结尾bytheendof...到……为止(常与完成时连用)beatanend结束cometoanend结束make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵；勉强维持生计put/bringanendtosth.(＝put/bringsth.toanend)结束某事◎单句语法填空①Atthedinnerweusuallybeginwithsoupandendup________fruit.②Atfirsttheyhatedeachother,buttheyendedup________(become)goodfriends.③Shehasalwayswantedtobeawriterbutendedup________ateacher.◎完成句子④Hertriedvariousjobsand________________(最后)becameamusician.⑤Everyonewishesthatthewarwould________________(结束)soon.⑥Thefinaldecisionofthethreeimportantleadersofthecountry________________(结束)thewar.⑦Iwasworriedshewouldwalkoutor________theinterview________________(使……结束).⑧Wedon'tneedtodoextraworkthisevening.Theday'sworkisalmost________________(结束)now.⑨________________(到……为止)theholidayIhadspentallmymoney.⑩________________(在……末)the16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.eq\o\ac(○,11)________________(最后),theheadmasterrosetoindicatethattheconversationwas________________(结束).7.goup(价格、温度等)上涨，上升；近义词有rise和increase，反义词(组)有reduce,decrease,godown；被兴建，被建造，主语是事物。goupby...上升了……(表示上升的程度或幅度)goupto...上升到……(表示上升后的结果)goby(时间)流逝goahead先走；开始做，着手干goinfor爱好；参加考试(或竞赛)gothrough仔细察看；检查；经历，遭受goover仔细检查gointo开始做；(金钱、时间等)用于goagainst反抗；违反；不利于godown(物价等)下跌；(船等)下沉；(日、月)落下◎选出能替换画线部分的词语①Across­seabridgeisgoingupnotawayfrommyhometown.(beingbuilt/beingdesigned)________②Itispredictedthatfoodpriceswillcontinuetogoupinthenextfewmonths.(raise/rise)________◎用go的相关短语完成句子③Tallbuildingsare________alongthenewroadleadingtothedowntownarea.④Ididn't________poetrybefore,butnowI'mbeginningtotakeaninterestinit.⑤Astime________，hefindsitimportanttolearnanotherforeignlanguage.⑥—ThewomanbiologisthadstayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.—Shemusthave________alot!8．stressedoutadj.因压力而累垮的(1)understress在压力之下underthestressof...在……的压力下lay/place/putstresson/upon...强调……；给……压力(2)stresseq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth./that...强调……,theimportanceof强调……的重要性))(3)stressfuladj.(指物)压力重的；紧张的(4)stressedadj.(指人)焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的◎单句语法填空①Morestressshouldbeplaced________thecultivationofcreativity.②________thestressofbadweathertheshiphadtoreturn.◎完成句子③Wemust________(强调)onself­reliance.④Worryingoverhisjobandhiswife'shealth________________________(使他处于极大的压力之下).◎句型转换⑤Ourteacheroftenplacesstressongoodeducation.→Ourteacheroften________________goodeducation.9．opponentof...……的反对者/对手opponentn.[C]对手；反对者theopponentof...……的反对者opponentat/insth.……方面的对方/对手sb.'sopponent某人的对手apoliticalopponent政敌◎完成句子①我们星期六比赛对手很强大。Ouropponents________Saturday'sgameareverypowerful.②强烈反对核武器的人将在会上提出一个新法案。Afierceopponent________nucleararmswillputforwardanewbillattheconference.10.resultin导致resultin...(＝leadto或contributeto...)导致……resultvi.发生，由……导致resultn.[C，U]结果，成果resultfrom...由……造成resultin...导致……asaresultof...＝becauseof作为……的结果；由于……asaresult因此；所以；结果◎完成句子①他犯了错误。因此，他丢了工作。Hemadeonebigmistake.________________，helosthisjob.②由于这场雨，野餐被取消了。________________oftherain,thepicnicwascancelled.③他考试不及格是由于粗心大意。Hisfailureintheexamresulted________hiscarelessness.④他的粗心大意导致了他考试不及格。Hiscarelessnessresulted________hisfailureintheexam.11．turnonsb.突然攻击某人turnonsb.突然攻击某人turnonsth.以某事为主要议题turnonsth./doingsth.(＝dependonsth.)依某事物而定turnsb.on使某人激动或兴奋(尤指异性方面)turnsth.on扭开(烤箱、收音机、电灯等)turnout结果是turnup把声音调大；露面，到场turndown把声音调小；拒绝turnoff关掉turnaround转身turnto转向……；求助于turnover把……翻过来waitinturn排队等候waitone'sturn等待某人的顺序It'ssb.'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事了turntosb.forhelp向某人求援eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(taketurnsatsth.,taketurns（at）doingsth.))轮流做某事◎完成句子①有胡子的男子每每引起她的兴趣。She'soften________________bymenwithbeards.②打开煤气开关，点燃烤箱。________________thegasandlighttheoven.③是否去郊游依天气而定。Whethergoingforanoutingornot________________theweather.④由于人类对地球的非善意的行为，大自然已经开始惩罚我们了。Asaresultofunkindbehaviourhumanstotheearth,natureisbeginningto____________________________us.⑤今天的讲座主题是地球各种类型的污染。Today'slectureisto________________thepollutionofallkindsontheearth.►第三版块|典型句式1．reason后接定语从句的用法[教材原句]Thereisalonglistofreasonswhysomanyspeciesaredyingout:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingandoverfishing.导致这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化养殖和过度捕捞。[句式分析]reason作先行词，后接定语从句时：(1)若关系词在从句中作状语，要用why或forwhich引导定语从句。(2)若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语，要用which或that引导定语从句，其中作宾语时关系词可省略。There'sareasonwhy/forwhichpeopledon'treadthisstuff:it'snotfunny.人们不读这种东西是有原因的：它并不逗趣。Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslatewasthathegotuplate.他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。Hegaveusareasonthat/whichsoundedreasonable.他给了我们一个理由，这个理由听起来合情合理。(关系词在从句中作主语)Thereason(which/that)hehasgivensoundsreasonable.他给出的理由听起来合情合理。(关系词在从句中作宾语，可省略)[基础练习]单句语法填空①Thereason________Iadmirehimis________hispositiveattitudetolifehasagreatinfluenceonme.②Isthisthereason________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?③Anotherreason________corn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice________(improve)waterquality.2．“without＋名词”引导含蓄条件句[教材原句]Withoutforests,wewouldhavenoairtobreathe,andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。[句式分析]虚拟条件句的条件有时不通过条件从句来表示，而是通过介词短语、上下文或其他方式表现出来，这种虚拟条件句叫作含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句的具体用法如下：(1)含蓄条件的常见表现方式a.将条件隐含在介词短语中。常见的(短语)介词有without，butfor等。b.将条件隐含在某些连词中。常见的此类连词有or，but，butthat等。c.将条件隐含在某些副词中。常见的副词是otherwise。d.将条件隐含在特定的上下文中。(2)谓语的形式would/might/could/should＋动词原形(与现在或将来事实相反的假设)would/might/could/should＋have＋过去分词(与过去事实相反的假设)Theywouldn'thavereachedtheagreementsoeasilywithoutthatcommonground.没有共同的立场，他们是不会那么容易达成协议的。Butforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavesucceeded.要不是你帮忙，我们不可能成功。Igotupveryearlyyesterdaymorning,orIcouldnothavecaughttheearlybus.昨天早上我起床很早，否则就赶不上早班车了。Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.我那时太忙了，否则我就给你打电话了。[基础练习]单句语法填空①Withouthissupport,wewouldn't________(be)wherewearenow.②—DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,Iwouldn't________(be)abletoreachheryesterday.[能力提升]完成句子③飞机晚点一个多小时才起飞，否则我就不会让你等这么久了。Therewasadelayofoveranhourbeforetheplanetookoff;otherwiseI________(keep)youwaitingforsuchalongtime.3．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句[教材原句]Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally,therateatwhichthisisnowhappeningiscauseforconcern.尽管物种自然灭绝并不罕见，但它目前的发生速度令人担忧。[句式分析](1)引导定语从句的关系代词不仅可以作动词的宾语，还可以作介词的宾语。若将介词提至关系代词之前，便形成了“介词＋关系代词”结构，该结构可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句；此结构中的关系代词可为which(先行词指物)，whom(先行词指人)。(2)“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定在“介词＋which(先行词是物)/whom(先行词是人)/whose(所有格，既可指人又可指物)”引导的定语从句中，介词的选用有以下三种方式：①根据定语从句中谓语动词或形容词的搭配确定②根据与先行词的搭配确定③根据主从句的逻辑关系而定(通常是with/without)Theofficialtowhomweappliedforapermitwasverykind.给我们申请许可证的那位官员非常友好。HaveyoufoundthebookonwhichIspent￡10?你找到那本我花了10英镑买的书了吗？HewasthemanbywhomMasteroftheGamewastranslated.他就是翻译《谋略大师》的那个人。(betranslatedby)ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwereJim'sgoldwatchandDella'shair.他们感到骄傲的两样东西是吉姆的金表和德拉的头发。(beproudof)IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.我永远也忘不了第一次见他的那一天。(ontheday)Rosehelpedmealot,withoutwhosehelpIwouldnothavepassedtheexam.罗丝帮助了我很多，没有她的帮助我不会通过考试。[基础练习]单句语法填空①Thefellow,________whomIspokemadenoansweratfirst.②TheWestLake,________whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.③Inhisroom,Isawabigdesk________whichtherewereallkindsofbooks.④Yesterdaywehadameeting________whichwediscussedmanyproblems.⑤Air,________whichmancouldn'tlive,isreallyimportant.⑥Thisbookhasopenedawindow,________whichwecanseeawonderfulworld.⑦Yesterdaywepaidavisittothehouse________whichLuXunoncelived.⑧Whoisthepersonwith________youshookhandsjustnow?⑨MrLihastwosons,bothof________arecollegestudents.4．it作形式主语[教材原句]ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.很明显，人类活动已经对地球上其他所有物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。[句式分析]主语从句充当主语时，为使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置，主语从句可用that，what，who，whether，why等词引导。常见的此类句式有：(1)It＋be＋名词＋从句It＋be＋apity/shamethat...遗憾的是……It＋be＋nowonderthat...难怪……It＋be＋nosurprisethat...……不足为奇(2)It＋be＋形容词＋从句It＋belikelythat...可能……It＋beclear/obviousthat...显而易见的是……(3)It＋动词的被动语态＋从句It＋besaidthat...据说……It＋bereportedthat...据报道……It＋bebelievedthat...人们相信……It＋besuggested/ordered/demandedthat...(should)do...建议/命令/要求……(从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用shoulddo,should可以省略)(4)It＋特殊动词＋从句Itoccurstosb.that...某人突然想到……Ithappensthat...碰巧的是……Itdoesn'tmatter＋who/why/what...……无所谓/没关系Itisapity/shamethatyouhavemissedsuchawonderfullecture.你错过了这么精彩的演讲，真遗憾。Sheishard­working,soitisnosurprisethatshehaswonfirstprize.她学习努力，所以她获得一等奖不足为奇。Itisobviousthatthewaycoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsoflife.很明显，咖啡的种植方式影响了生活的很多方面。Itissaidthatabout20%of25­34­year­oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.据说在25到34岁的人群中大约有20%和父母住在一起，而在1991年这一比例是16%。Itisgenerallybelievedthatabalanceddietisakeytopeople'shealth.人们普遍认为均衡的饮食是健康的关键。ItisdemandedbymyviolinteacherthatI(should)practiseplayingtheviolineveryday.我的小提琴老师要求我每天练习拉琴。Itoccurredtohimthathisfarmhadmuchpotential.他突然想到他的农场还是很有潜力的。[基础练习]单句语法填空①Itdoesn'tmatter________hesays.②Itisnotclear________willattendtothismatter.③Itdoesn'tinterestme________ornotyousucceed.[能力提升]根据括号内提示，用it作形式主语单句写作④很显然，地球是圆的。(obvious)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑤我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。(anhonour)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑥许多学生认为英语是一门有趣的学科。(consider)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑦他在这次坠机事件中幸免于难真是奇迹。(wonder)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑧人们常常建议生病时要多喝水。(suggest)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑨我们已经决定将会议推迟到下周一。(decide)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．It/Thatsoundslike...听起来好像……[归纳拓展](1)eq