宜立特大学英语1Unit1-2TextA省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖课件

1/101

1.Inwhatwaycanmusicinfluenceourlife?1.Musiccanrelax

ourbody;2.Musiccanopenourmind,andalsobebeneficialtoourheart;3.Musiccanhelpusfallasleep,enhanceourmemoryandattention;4.Musiccansoothethebaby'sbreathingandheartbeat,calmdownacryingbaby,and

promotethedevelopment

ofthinkingabilityofthebaby's

brain,thusmakinghimorhermoreintelligent.2/1012.Doyouagreewiththeideathatlisteningtoclassicalmusiccanhelppromotethedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren?Itisoneofthoseideasthatsoundplausible.Mozartwasundoubtedlyageniushimself,hismusiciscomplex,andthereisahopethatifwelistentoenoughofit,alittleofthatintelligencemightruboffonus.3/101Thetextismadeupofthreeparts.Trytogiveeachpartaheading.Thefirsthasbeengiven.ParagraphsHeadingsPart1(1-6)AnintroductiontotheMozarteffect:themainidea,theoriginalstudy,andtheeffectithashadonhumanlife.Part2()Part3()7-1213Ascientificexplanationfortheso-calledMozarteffectbasedonvariousstudies:brainarousal.Conclusion:apartialrefutationoftheMozarteffect.4/101

DoesListeningtoMozartReallyBoostYourBrainpower?(1)Youhaveprobablyheardofthe“Mozarteffect”.It’stheideathatifchildrenorevenbabieslistentomusiccomposedbyMozarttheywillbecomemoreintelligent.AquickInternetsearchreveals

plentyofproductstoassistyouinthetask.WhateveryouragethereareCDsandbookstohelpyouto

harnessthepowerofMozart’smusic,butwhenitcomestoscientificevidencethatitcanmakeyoumoreclever,thepictureismoremixed.ByClaudiaHammond5/101(2)Thephrase“Mozarteffect”wascoinedin1991,butitwasastudydescribedtwoyearslaterinthejournalNaturethatsparkedrealmediaandpublicinterestabouttheideathatlisteningtoclassicalmusicsomehow

improvesthebrain.Itisoneofthoseideasthatsoundplausible.Mozartwasundoubtedlyageniushimself,hismusiciscomplex,andthereisahopethatifwelistentoenoughofit,alittleofthatintelligencemightruboffonus.6/101(3)Theideatookoff,withthousandsofparentsplayingMozarttotheirchildren,andin1998ZellMiller,theGovernorofthestateofGeorgiaintheU.S.,evenaskedformoneytobe

setasideinthestatebudgetsothateverynewbornbabycouldbesentaCDofclassicalmusic.It’snotjustbabiesandchildrenwhoweredeliberatelyexposedtoMozart’smelodies.WhenSergioDellaSala,thepsychologistandauthorofthebookMindMyths,visitedamozzarellafarminItaly,thefarmerproudlyexplainedthatthebuffaloswereplayedMozartthreetimesadaytohelpthemtoproducebettermilk.7/101(4)I’llleavethedebateontheimpactonmilkyieldtofarmers,butwhatabouttheevidencethatlisteningtoMozartmakespeoplemoreintelligent?Exactlywhatwasitwasthattheauthorsofthe

initial

studydiscoveredthattookpublic

imagination

bystorm?8/101(5)Whenyoulookbackattheoriginalpaper,thefirstsurpriseisthattheauthorsfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvinearemodestintheirclaimsanddon’tevenusethe“Mozarteffect”phraseinthepaper.Thesecondsurpriseisthatitwasn’tconductedonchildrenatall:itwasinfactconductedwiththosestalwartsofpsychologicalstudies—youngadultstudents.Only36studentstakepart.Onthreeoccasionstheyweregivenaseriesof

mentaltaskstocomplete,andbeforeeachtask,theylistenedeithertotenminutesofsilence,tenminutesofatapeofrelaxationinstructions,ortenminutesofMozart’sSonataforTwoPianosinDmajor(K.448).9/101(6)ThestudentswholistenedtoMozartdidbetterattaskswheretheyhadtocreateshapesintheirminds.Forashorttimethestudentswerebetteratspatialtaskswheretheyhadtolookatfoldeduppiecesofpaperwithcutsinthemandtopredicthowtheywouldappearwhenunfolded.Butunfortunately,astheauthorsmakeclearatthetime,thiseffectlastsforaboutfifteenminutes.Soit’shardlygoingtobringyoualifetimeofenhanced

intelligence.10/101(7)Nevertheless,peoplebegantotheorizeaboutwhyitwasthatMozart’smusicinparticularcouldhavethiseffect.Didthecomplexityofmusiccausepatternsofcorticalfiringinthebrainsimilartothoseassociatedwithsolvingspatialpuzzles?(8)Moreresearchfollowed,andameta-analysisofsixteendifferentstudiesconfirmedthatlisteningtomusicdoesleadtoatemporaryimprovementintheabilitytomanipulateshapesmentally,butthebenefitsareshort-livedanditdoesn’tmakeusmoreintelligent.11/101(9)ThenitbegantoemergethatperhapsMozartwasn’tsospecialafterall.Inalargermeta-analysisofagreaternumberofstudiesagainfoundapositiveeffect,butthatotherkindsofmusicworkedjustaswell.OnestudyfoundthatlisteningtoSchubertwasjustasgood,andsowashearingapassagereadoutaloudfromaStephenKingnovel.Butonlyifyouenjoyedit.So,perhapsenjoymentandengagementarekey,ratherthantheexactnotesyouhear.12/101(10)AlthoughwetendtoassociatetheMozarteffectwithbabiesandsmallchildren,mostofthesestudieswereconductedonadults,whosebrainsareofcourseataverydifferentstageofdevelopment.ButinalargestudywasconductedinBritaininvolvingeightthousandchildren.TheylistenedeithertotenminutesofMozart’sStringQuintetinDMajor,adiscussionabouttheexperiment,toasequenceof

threepopsongs:Blur’s“CountryHouse”,“ReturnoftheMack”byMarkMorrisonandPJ&Duncan’s“SteppingStone”.Onceagainmusicimprovedtheabilitytopredictpapershapes,butthistimeitwasn’taMozarteffect,butaBlureffect.ThechildrenwholistenedtoMozartdidwell,butwithpopmusictheydidevenbetter,sopriorpreferencecouldcomeintoit.13/101(11)Whateveryourmusicalchoice,itseemsthatallyouneedtodoabitbetteratpredictiveorigamiissomecognitivearousal.Yourmindneedstogetalittlemoreactive,itneedssomethingtogetitgoing,andthat’sgoingtobewhicheverkindofmusicappealstoyou.Infact,itdoesn’thavetobemusic.Anythingthatmakesyoumorealertshouldworkjustaswell—doingafewstarjumps5ordrinkingsomecoffee,forinstance.14/101(12)ThereisawayinwhichmusiccanmakeadifferencetoyourIQ,though.UnfortunatelyitrequiresabitmoreeffortthanputtingonaCD.Learningtoplayamusicalinstrumentcanhaveabeneficialeffectonyourbrain.JessicaGrahn,acognitivescientistatWesternUniversityinLondon,Ontario,saysthatayearofpianolessonscombinedwithregularpracticecanincreaseIQbyasmuchasthreepoints.15/101(13)SolisteningtoMozartwon’tdoyouoryourchildrenanyharmandcouldbethestartofalife-longloveofclassicalmusic.Butunlessyouandyourfamilyhavesomeurgentimaginaryorigamitodo,thechancesarethatstickingonasonataisnotgoingtomakeyoubetteratanything.16/101composevt.Vivaldicomposedalargenumberofveryfineconcertos.1.write(music,opera,etc.)写作，创作（乐曲、歌剧等）HestartedatoncetocomposeareplytoAnna.他马上开始给安娜写回信。维瓦尔第创作了很多美妙协奏曲。3.combinetogethertoformawhole组成（整体）；组成Morethan17millionfirmscomposethebusinesssectorofoureconomy.我们经济中商业部门由1,700万家企业组成。2.write(apoem,speech,etc.)写（诗、讲稿等）17/101revealvt.Thesurveyrevealedthatthehousewasnotsuitableforliving.1.make(facts,etc.)known使（事实等）显露出来Thecurtainopenedtorevealthegrandprize.大幕拉开，大奖展现在眼前。那所房子经调查表明不适合居住。2.causeorallow(sth.)tobeseen展现或显示（某物）18/101harnessvt.TurkeyplanstoharnessthewatersoftheTigrisriverforbighydro-electricpowerprojects.controlandusethenaturalforceorpowerofsomething控制及利用（自然界力量）Hepaidtendollarsforthenewharness.他花十美元买了这件马具。土耳其计划利用底格里斯河河水建设大型水利发电设施。n.equipmentconsistingofleatherstrapsandsaddleandmetalfittingsbywhichahorseiscontrolledandfastenedtothecart,plough,etc.thatitpulls马具（包含皮带和马鞍以及金属器具）19/101It’stheideathatifchildrenorevenbabieslistentomusiccomposedbyMozarttheywillbecomemoreintelligent.

1.Whatisthe“Mozarteffect”?children,listentomusic,clever20/101

听莫扎特音乐真有利于智力提升吗？

(1)你可能听说过“莫扎特效应”。这个观点认为孩子，甚至是婴儿假如听莫扎特谱写音乐会变得愈加聪明。在网上查一下能够发觉许多能帮你完成这一任务东西。不论年纪大小，总有CD和书籍能够帮助你领会莫扎特音乐魔力，不过当真谈到莫扎特音乐能够使你变聪明科学证据，情况就变得复杂起来。克劳迪娅·哈蒙德21/101somehowad.SomehowwemustgettoGlasgow.1.insomeway;bysomemeans以某种方式；经过某种路径Somehow,Idon’tfeelwecantrusthim.不知道为何，我以为我们不能信任他。我们得设法到格拉斯哥去。2.forareasonthatyoudonotknoworunderstand因为未知原因22/101undoubtedly

ad.Thenextfewdayswillbeundoubtedlycrucial.usedforsayingthatsomethingiscertainlytrueorisacceptedbyeveryone无疑；必定接下来几天无疑是至关主要。23/101Mozartwasundoubtedlyageniushimself,hismusiciscomplex,andthereisahopethatifwelistentoenoughofit,alittleofthatintelligencemightruboffonus.

2.WhydoestheMozarteffectseemplausible?Mozartwasageniusinmusic.It'sbecauseheissocleverthathecouldcomposesuchwonderfulmusic.plausible,似合理24/101

(2)“莫扎特效应”这一术语创造于1991年，但真正激起媒体和公众对这一话题兴趣是两年后《自然》杂志中一个相关研究。该研究认为，听古典音乐会从某种程度上提升智商。这一观点听起来似乎有些道理。莫扎特本人无疑是一个天才，他音乐改变多端，所以假如听他音乐听得足够多话，在智力方面受到一点小影响倒是不无可能。25/101budgetn.Anewcarwillnotbepartofourbudgetthisyear.themoneythatisavailabletoapersonoranorganizationandaplanofhowitwillbespentoveraperiodoftime预算买一辆新车不在我们今年预算之内。26/101Yes,somepeoplebelieveinit.ThousandsofparentsplayMozarttotheirchildren.In1998ZellMiller,theGovernorofthestateofGeorgiaintheU.S.,evenaskedformoneytobesetasideinthestatebudgetsothateverynewbornbabycouldbesentaCDofclassicalmusic.Besides,anItalianmozzarellafarmerbelievedthatbuffaloswouldproducebettermilkthroughlisteningtoMozart.

3.DopeoplebelieveintheMozarteffect?Why?ThinkabouttheCDsyourparentsboughtforyou,andalsoanyexamplesofitsmagiceffect.27/101

(3)这个观点很快传输开来，成千上万父母给他们孩子放莫扎特音乐听。1998年，美国佐治亚州州长泽尔·米勒甚至请求设置专门财政预算来为每一位新生儿发放一份古典音乐CD。刻意去听莫扎特音乐不止是婴儿和孩子。《心智迷思》一书作者，心理学家瑟吉欧·戴拉·萨拉曾经参观过一个意大利农场，农场主骄傲地解释说他们天天三次给水牛们播放莫扎特音乐，方便帮助它们产出更加好牛奶。28/101impactn.Tougherenvironmentallawscouldhavenegativeimpactsoneconomicgrowth.1.aneffect(usuallypowerful)orinfluence影响；效果We’lltestthetremendousimpactoftheshot.我们将对子弹巨大冲击力进行测试。更苛刻环境法律会给经济增加造成负面印象。2.theactofoneobjecthittinganother;theforcewithwhichthishappens撞击（力）；冲击（力）29/101initiala.Thetwocountrieshavetakentheinitialsteptowardreconciliation.oforatthebeginning开始；最初两国已经迈出了走向和解第一步。30/101imaginationn.Hisstoryisbeyondthereachofmyimagination.theabilitytocreatepicturesinone’smind想象力他故事超出了我想象。31/101

(4)暂且不论农场主所说音乐和牛奶产量理论，不过到底有什么证据能够证实听莫扎特音乐能够使人变得愈加聪明呢？最初做这个研究作者终究发觉了什么，引得了公众以后如此想象？32/101occasion

n.Herdresswastooshowyforsuchaformaloccasion.aparticulartimewhensth.happens（事情发生）时刻，时候，场所在如此正式场所，她服装过分华丽了。33/101relaxationn.waysofrestingandenjoyingyourself;timespentrestingandenjoyingyourself消遣；松弛；放松Somepeopletakeupyogatoaidrelaxation.有些人经过练瑜伽来帮助放松。34/101ThefirstsurpriseisthattheauthorsoftheoriginalstudyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvinearemodestintheirclaimsanddon’tevenusethe“Mozarteffect”phraseinthepaper.Thesecondsurpriseisthattheexperimentwasn’tconductedonchildrenatall:itwasinfactconductedonyoungadultstudents.(Thirdly,theauthorsmadeclearatthetime,thiseffectlastedforashortperiodoftime.)4.Whatarethedifferencesbetweentheoriginalstudyandthepublicunderstandingoftheso-calledMozarteffect?ThedefinitonofMozarteffect:1.onchildren;2.moreclever.Wastheoriginalstudywellconducted?35/101

(5)当你回头审阅原来那篇论文时，第一个让你吃惊事实就是美国加州大学埃尔文分校这几位作者在陈说自己观点时持慎重态度，甚至在论文中他们并没有使用”莫扎特效应”这一提法。第二个令你吃惊事实是，这个试验根本不是在儿童身上做，而是在一些成年学生身上做——这些人是心理研究最常使用被试者。只有36个学生参加了这个试验。在3种情况下，他们被要求完成一系列智力任务。在每项任务之前，他们或者是听一段10分钟留白，或者是听一段10分钟放松引导录音，或者是听10分钟莫扎特D大调双钢琴奏鸣曲（K.448号作品）。36/101enhancevt.increase(thegoodqualitiesofsb./sth.);make(sb./sth.)lookbetter增强（某人/某事物优点）；使（某人/某事物）看起来更加好；提升；美化Humorcanenhancephysicalaswellasmentalwell-being.幽默感能够增强身心健康。37/101

(6)听了莫扎特音乐学生更加好地完成了那些需要空间想象力任务。在短时间内，这些学生们更加好地完成了对一个被剪过且折叠起来纸张展开之后形状进行预测任务。但不幸是，正如作者当初就指明，这种效果仅仅连续了15分钟左右。所以，想藉此取得终生智力提升几乎是不可能。38/101neverthelessad.inspiteofsth.thatyouhavejustmentioned即使如此；然而Theoldsystemhaditsflaws,butneverthelessitwaspreferabletothenewone.旧系统即使有缺点，不过它依然比新系统要好一些。39/101confirmvt.provideevidenceforthetruthorcorrectnessof(areport,anopinion,etc.);establishthetruthof证实；证实；确认Iwroteamemorandumtoconfirmourverbalagreement.我写了份备忘录以确认我们口头协议。40/101temporarya.lastingorintendedtolastonlyforashorttime;notpermanent暂时；暂时HefoundtemporarylodginginParis.他在巴黎找到了一个暂时住所。41/101

(7)然而，人们开始就为何是莫扎特音乐尤其含有这种效果进行理论研究。复杂旋律是否能够使大脑皮质产生与处理空间难题相关类似效应呢？

(8)越来越多研究接踵而至，一项关于此话题16个不一样研究荟萃分析证实，听音乐确实能够使空间想象力取得暂时性提升，不过这种效果连续时间不长，也不能使我们变得愈加聪明。42/101emergevi.1.(offacts,ideas,etc.)becomeknown（指事实、意见等）暴露，被知悉Lateritemergedthatthecompanyhademployedillegalimmigrants.以后，人们发觉该企业雇佣了非法移民。Therabbitwillnotemergefromitsholewhileyouarethere.你在那儿，兔子是不会出洞。2.appearorcomeoutfromsomewhere出现；露出43/101engagementn.beinginvolvedwithsb./sth.inanattempttounderstandthem/it专注Tohisdelight,hisengagementinonlinelearninghasbroughthimgreatbenefits.使他感到高兴是，他专注于在线学习一事令他收获颇丰。44/101noten.1.asinglesoundofaparticularlengthandpitch(howhighorlowasoundis),madebythevoiceoramusicalinstrument;thewrittenorprintedsignforamusicalnote（乐器、嗓子等发出）单音，鸣声，音调，调；音符Mybrothercan’tsinganote.我弟兄一点也不会唱。Imadeanoteofhernewaddressandphonenumber.我记下了她新地址和电话号码。2.ashortpieceofwritingtohelpyouremembersth.笔记45/101OnestudyfoundthatlisteningtoSchubertwasjustasgood,andsowashearingapassagereadoutaloudfromaStephenKingnovel.AnotherstudyalsoshowedthatchildrenwholistenedtopopmusicdidevenbetterinpredictingpapershapesthanthosewholistenedtoMozart.5.WhichstudyprovesthatMozartisn’tsospecialininspiringhumanbeings’intelligence?1.Canwelistentoanyothermusician?2.Canwelistentoothertypeofmusicorsimplysomerecordingsifwewanttoperformwell?46/101

(9)接着，又有观点猜测可能莫扎特音乐并无特殊之处。，一项针对多项相关研究更大型荟萃分析再次必定了某种正面效应存在，不过该研究发觉，其它类型音乐一样能够起作用。一项研究表明，听舒伯特音乐效果也不错，甚至听一段大声朗诵斯蒂芬·金小说也一样有效果。不过，只有你乐在其中才行。所以，最关键不是你所听到确实切音符，而是你在听音乐过程中享受与投入。47/101conductvt.organizeand/ordoaparticularactivity指挥（某事物）；控制；操纵Inordertoverifythetheorem,wedecidedtoconductanexperiment.为了验证这条定理，我们决定做一个试验。Thelawyerwasdismissedfromhispostforunprofessionalconduct.这名律师因其行为违反职业道德而被解职。n.thewaysomeonebehaves,especiallyinpublic,intheirjob,etc.（人）行为；品行48/101

(10)尽管我们总是倾向于把“莫扎特效应”与婴幼儿联络在一起，但大多数这类研究试验都是在成年人身上进行，而后者与前者处于截然不一样智力发展阶段。不过，年有一项大型研究是以8000名学生作为被试者。这些学生或者是倾听10分钟莫扎特D大调弦乐四重奏，或者是倾听一段10分钟关于这项试验讨论，或者是连续倾听3首流行歌曲：污迹乐队《望族之星》、马克•莫里森《麦克回来了》和PJ&邓肯《踏脚石》。音乐再次增强了被试者对纸张形状预测能力，不过这次并不是“莫扎特效应”，而是“污迹效应”。听莫扎特音乐那组儿童任务完成得不错，不过听流行音乐那组做得更加好，因今后者更应该取得优先命名权。49/101predictivea.relatingtotheabilitytoshowwhatisgoingtohappeninthefuture预言性；预测性Moreresearchisneededtoimprovethepredictivevalueofthetests.为了改进这些试验预测价值，还需要做更多研究。50/101arousaln.astateinwhichyoufeelexcitedorveryalert,forexampleasaresultoffear,stress,oranger激励；勉励；唤醒；激发Thatisanareaofthebrainconnectedwithemotionalarousal.大脑该区域与情绪激发相关。51/101alerta.givingallyourattentiontowhatishappening,beingsaid,etc.警觉；警觉；机敏Agoodhuntingdogisalerttoeverysoundandmovementaround.一只好猎犬对四面任何响动都有警觉。52/101Cognitivearousal(orenjoymentandengagement)isthekeytopeople’simprovementinpredictiveorigami.6.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthekeytopeople’simprovementinpredictiveorigami?predictiveorigami:折纸预测任务:对一个被剪过且折叠起来纸张展开之后形状进行预测Imaginationisneeded,andshouldbestimulated.53/101

(11)不论你选择是何种音乐，为了愈加好地完成折纸预测任务，你需要似乎就是某种认知激发。你头脑需要变得愈加活跃，它需要一些东西使它运作起来，而你所喜爱任何一个音乐都能够到达这种效果。实际上，并不一定是音乐。任何能使你变得灵敏东西都能够——比如做几个星跳或者是喝点咖啡。54/101instrumentn.1.apparatusforproducingmusicalsounds,e.g.apiano,violin,flute,ordrum乐器（如钢琴、小提琴、笛或鼓）Hisneighbouraccusedhimofplayingthemusicalinstrumenttooloudly.他邻居指责他乐器弹奏得太响了。Thecompassisaninstrumentofnavigation.罗盘是导航仪器。2.implementorapparatususedinperforminganaction,esp.fordelicateorscientificwork器具；器械；仪器55/101beneficiala.causingagoodresult;advantageous有益；有用；有好处Sunshineisbeneficialtoplants.阳光对植物有益。56/1017.Inwhatwaycanmusichelpdevelophumanbeings’intelligence?Learningtoplayamusicalinstrumentcanhaveabeneficialeffectonhumanbrains.haveaeffecton:对什么起作用InordertoimproveourIQ,Canwejustsitthereandlisten?Shouldwedosomethingelse?57/101

(12)不过，音乐能够以某种方式影响你智商。遗憾是，那需要付出比播放CD更多努力。学习演奏一个乐器能够给你智力带来有利影响。杰西卡•格莱恩，西安大略大学认知科学家说，一年钢琴课程加上常规练习能够使智商提升三个百分点之多。58/101urgenta.veryimportantandneedingtobedealtwithimmediately紧急；迫切Apartofthisurgenttaskwasallottedtous.这项紧急任务一部分分给了我们。59/1018.WhatisMozart’srealeffectonthedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren?ListeningtoMozartcouldbethestartofalife-longloveofclassicalmusic,whichmaycultivatechildren’sinterestinplayingmusicalinstruments,whichinturnhelpswithdevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren.Therootcause?(根源，最本质原因)Theseeminglyfactor(表面原因)60/101

(13)所以，听莫扎特音乐不会给你本人或者你孩子带来任何坏处，它能够成为对音乐一生钟爱起点。不过，除非你和你家人有一些紧急想象性折纸任务要做，仅仅听一曲奏鸣曲可能不会使你在任何方面有所进步。61/101plentyof Webelieveintakinginplentyoffreshairandgettingplentyofexercise.alotof很多；大量我们主张呼吸新鲜空气和参加足够锻炼。62/101ruboff(on) Hewasatremendouslyenthusiasticteacherandthatrubbedoffonallthechildren.passaqualityorcharacteristictopeopleafterspendingtimewiththem因接触（相处）而对……产生影响他是一名非常热心教师，这感染着全部孩子们。63/101setaside Nomatterhowbusyheis,hesetsaweekendasideforasmalltripwithhisfamilyeverymonth.keeporchoose(moneyortime)forsomepurpose特意留出（钱或时间）不论有多忙，他每个月都会腾出一个周末和家人一起作一次短途旅行。64/101takepart(in) InearlydaysonlymaleathleteswereallowedtotakepartintheOlympicGames.tobeinvolvedinanactivitywithotherpeople参加在奥林匹克运动会早期，只有男性运动员才能参加比赛。65/101aseriesof OxfordUniversityPresshaspublishedanewseriesofreadersforstudentsofEnglish.anumberof(thingsorevents)thatcomeoneaftertheother一系列；一连串牛津出版社出版了一套新英语学习读物。66/101inparticular Iaminterestedinstoriesingeneral,andindetectivestoriesinparticular.especially,particularly,orexactly尤其；尤其总来说，我对小说感兴趣，尤其是对侦探小说感兴趣。67/101asequenceof OnhisbusinesstriptoNewYork,hehadtoattendasequenceofmeetings.anumberof(eventsorthings)thatcomeoneafteranotherinaparticularorder一系列在纽约出差期间，他得参加一系列会议。68/101justaswell Inprincipleanyphysicscollegegraduatecandojustaswell.alsopreferableoradvisable也；无妨标准上任何一个物理学本科毕业学生都能够做这件事情。69/101makeadifference Doeshisabsencemakeadifferencetoyourwork?beofimportance;haveaneffect关系重大；有影响；起（主要）作用假如没有他，你工作会受影响吗?70/101donoharm Withthesepreconditions,pocketmoneywilldonoharmtotheirchildren.beagoodideaandwillnotcauseanyproblems（做某事）并无坏处（反而可能带来一些好处）有了这些前提条件，零用钱就不会对他们孩子产生不利影响了。71/101Exactlywhatwasitwasthattheauthorsoftheinitialstudydiscoveredthattookpublicimaginationbystorm?此句意为：最初做这个研究作者终究发觉了什么，引得了公众以后如此想象？72/101Thesecondsurpriseisthatitwasn’tconductedonchildrenatall:itwasinfactconductedwiththosestalwartsofpsychologicalstudies—youngadultstudents.本句意为：第二个让你吃惊事实是，这个试验根本不是在孩子身上做，而是在一些成年学生身上做——这些人是心理研究最常使用被试者。73/101meta-analysis元分析或荟萃分析，其概念为对以往研究结果进行系统定量分析。74/101Readthefollowingparagraphandlearnitbyheart.Payparticularattentiontothepronunciationandintonation.AlthoughwetendtoassociatetheMozarteffectwithbabiesandsmallchildren,mostofthesestudieswereconductedonadults,whosebrainsareofcourseataverydifferentstageofdevelopment.ButinalargestudywasconductedinBritaininvolvingeightthousandchildren.TheylistenedeithertotenminutesofMozart’sStringQuintetinDMajor,adiscussionabouttheexperiment,orasequenceofthreepopsongs:Blur’s“CountryHouse”,“ReturnoftheMack”byMarkMorrisonandPJ&Duncan’s“SteppingStone”.Onceagainmusicimprovedtheabilitytopredictpapershapes,butthistimeitwasn’taMozarteffect,butaBlureffect.ThechildrenwholistenedtoMozartdidwell,butwithpopmusictheydidevenbetter,sopriorpreferencecouldcomeintoit.75/101Chooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromtheboxbelowtofillinthefollowingblanks.Changetheformifnecessary.composealerttakeoffexposeimpactsetasideappealtorevealdonoharmmakeadifference1.Thetransportationindustryisonehumanfactorthathashadasignificant________onourenvironment.2.Theswanseatnativeseaweedsgrowingonthesurfaceropesratherthanthevaluablecropofkelp,sothey_________tothecommercialoperation.3.Betweentheseexplorations,Irestedandtriedto________musicinmycabin.Myplanwastowriteasonataforpianoandviolin.impact

donoharmcompose76/1014.Heisoneofthetop22playersincollegefootballwho_______________intheircommunity.5.Inthefollowingtwohours,youneedtobe________,withyoursensessharp.6.Themayoralcandidateisproposingtwoballotmeasures:anamendmenttotheCityCharterto__________fundsforthehousingprogramandaseparatemeasuretoraisethetransfertax.Chooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromtheboxbelowtofillinthefollowingblanks.Changetheformifnecessary.makeadifferencealertsetasidecomposealerttakeoffexposeimpactsetasideappealtorevealdonoharmmakeadifference77/1017.Theeconomistsaidthatiftheeconomy________toosharply,inflationmightsimultaneouslyaccelerate.8.Theanswersintheinterviewcan_______whetheracandidateisanalytical,decisive,andinnovativeorhasgoodjudgment.9.Therecentpensionchangeswerepartlydesignedto________youngeremployeeswantingmoreportableretirementbenefits.Chooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromtheboxbelowtofillinthefollowingblanks.Changetheformifnecessary.tookoffrevealappealtocomposealerttakeoffexposeimpactsetasideappealtorevealdonoharmmakeadifference78/10110.Withtheirpreferredfoodsourcesunavailable,theysearchedforfoodsuppliesfartheraway,which________themtogreaterdanger.Chooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromtheboxbelowtofillinthefollowingblanks.Changetheformifnecessary.exposedcomposealerttakeoffexposeimpactsetasideappealtorevealdonoharmmakeadifference79/101Thesuffix-alcanbeaddedtosomeverbs,usuallyverbsofFrenchorLatinorigin,toformnounstorefertoabstractverbalactions,meaning“theprocess”or“theact”.Changetheformofthewordsbelowandputthemintothefollowingsentencesproperly.

arousearriverefusedenyproposetryremovesurvive1.Emotional_________caninfluencepaindirectlybyincreasingmuscletension.

Extensions:moreexamplesofthiskindofsuffixare:-ance(appearance,acceptance,ignorance),-ence(occurrence,existence,interference),-ion(division,distortion,creation),-ment(measurement,replacement,development).arousal80/1012.Unfortunately,thegovernmenthasbeenin_______aboutthetruestateofitsbanksprettymuchsincethecrisisbegan.3.Wehaveinvadedthenaturalenvironmentwithoutregardtotherealcoststohuman_______,untilnow.4.Thepolitician’s________frompowerresultedinaseriesofconflictsthatledtohundredsofthousandsofdeaths.arousearriverefusedenyproposetryremovesurvivedenialsurvivalremoval81/1015.Peoplewouldpreferyougivethemagraciousliethananoutright_______.6.TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencywillannouncea________Fridaytotightenthenation’sgasolinestandards.7.The_______ofgoodweatherissupposedtomeanthe_____oftourists.arousearriverefusedenyproposetryremovesurviverefusalproposalarrivalarrival82/1018.Thenewmedicinehasbeenon_______forthepastyear,andnowithasalreadycomeontothemarket.arousearriverefusedenyproposetryremovesurvivetrial83/101SomenounswhichretaintheiroriginalGreekorLatinformsmaketheirpluralsaccordingtotherulesofGreekorLatin.

Thephrasethe“Mozarteffect”wascoinedin1991,butitwasastudydescribedtwoyearslaterinthejournalNaturethatsparkedrealmediaandpublicinterestabouttheideathatlisteningtoclassicalmusicsomehowimprovesthebrain.

“莫扎特效应”这一术语创造于1991年，但真正激起媒体和公众对这一话题兴趣是两年后《自然》杂志中一个相关研究。该研究认为，听古典音乐会从某种程度上提升智商。84/101medium—media bacterium—bacteriacrisis—crises analysis—analysesterminus—termini/terminuses basis—basesphenomenon—phenomenaSomenounswhichretaintheiroriginalGreekorLatinformsmaketheirpluralsaccordingtotherulesofGreekorLatin.85/101ButsomefollowtheEnglishrules(thoughtheiroriginalformsarestillusedsometimes).dogma—dogmas/dogmata formula—formulas/formulaegymnasium—gymnasiums/gymnasia antenna—antennas/antennae

stadium—stadiums/stadiaSomenounswhichretaintheiroriginalGreekorLatinformsmaketheirpluralsaccordingtotherulesofGreekorLatin.86/101Sometimestherearetwopluralformswithdifferentmeanings.appendix—appendixes/appendices(医学