Unit-2-Little-House-in-the-Big-Woods市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖

LittleHouseintheBigWoodsByLauraIngallsWilder

1/32LauraIngallsWilderlivedinAmerica146yearsago.Laura’sfamilywerepioneersandshehadmanyadventuresastheytravelledthroughwoods,overprairies（大草原）andacrossriversintheircoveredwagon（篷车）.2/323/32AboutLauraIngallsWilder

LauraIngallsWilderwasborninPepin,Wisconsin,inFebruary1867.ShewasthesecondoffourdaughtersborntoCaroline(Quiner)andCharlesPhilipIngalls.Wilder'searlylifewasspentconstantlymovingfromplacetoplace.Herfathercalledhimselfapioneermananddreamedofgoingwesttoexploreandsettleonunknownterritory.Theytravelledthroughthickwoods,overbarrenprairies,throughtheswollenMississippi,andovericywatersallintheircoveredwagon.TheymovedfromMissouri,toKansas,toWisconsin,toMinnesota,toIowaandfinallysettledinDeSmet,SouthDakota,whereherfatherclaimedahomestead.4/32BackgroundKnowledge50stars:50states13stripes:13colonies5/326/327/32(Feb.7,1867–Feb.10,1957)LittleHouseintheBigWoods(1932)FarmerBoy(1933)LittleHouseonthePrairie(1935)OntheBanksofPlumCreek(1937)BytheShoresofSilverLake(1939)

TheLongWinter(1940)LittleTownonthePrairie(1941)TheseHappyGoldenYears(1943)OntheWayHome(1962)TheFirstFourYears(1971)TheRoadBack()theLittleHouseseries8/32AboutthestoryLaura'sdaughterRosegrewuplisteningtohermother'sstoriesofthosepioneerdays.Sheurgedhermothertowritethemdownsothatotherchildrencouldenjoythemaswell.Sointhe1930sand40s,Laurarecordedhermemoriesofthosedaysoflongagoinachildren'sseriesknownastheLittleHousebookswhichincludesLittleHouseintheBigWood(1932)

FarmerBoy(1933)

LittleHouseonthePrairie(1935)

OntheBanksofPlumCreek(1937)

BytheShoresofSilverLake(1939)

TheLongWinter(1940)

LittleTownonthePrairie(1941)

ThoseHappyGoldenYears(1943)9/32《大森林里小木屋》世界儿童文学经典名著、全球童书最高荣誉纽伯瑞大奖作品。畅销全球近80年，被翻译成40各种文字出版，已被拍成了系列电视剧、TV动画和多部电影。美国图书馆协会、美国童书书商协会推荐少年儿童必读书。10/32OurLittleHouseintheBigWoodsWisconsin威斯康星州Aloghouse11/32Culturalbackgroundnotes1.

WestwardMovementinAmerica

WestwardmovementinAmericacarriedsettlersacrossAmerica,fromtheAtlanticOceantothePacificOcean.Thewestwardmovementbeganintheearly1600'swithEuropeansettlementsalongtheAtlanticCoastofNorthAmerica.Itcontinueduntilthelate1800's.Bythattime,thewesternfrontiersoftheUnitedStateshadbeenconquered.AnabundanceoflandandothernaturalresourcesluredAmerica‘spioneerswestward.Furtraders,cattleranchers（大牧场主）,farmers,andminersledthepushtothewest.Merchantsandotherbusinesspeoplefollowed.12/32Culturalbackgroundnotes

Thesehard-workingmenandwomenfacedgreatdangers,enduredseverehardships,andsufferedlonelinessandboredominthehopeofmakingabetterlifeforthemselvesandtheirchildren.Someofthemlookedtothewestforwealthoradventure.Otherssoughttoimprovetheirsocialpositionorincreasetheirpoliticalpower.

Thepioneersstruggledwestwardacrosshills,mountains,andprairiesonfootandonhorseback.SomefloatedthroughtheErieCanalonbarges（驳船）ortraveleddownriversonflatboatsandsteamboats.Otherscrossedtheruggedwildernessincoveredwagons.Formanypioneers,theCumberlandGap,theOregonTrail,andotherroadswestbecamepathstoopportunity.13/32(1)

Patternsofmigration.

Foralmost300years,thewestwardmovementinfluencedAmericanhistory.However,thewestwardflowofpeoplewasnotconstant.MigrationhaltedwhenIndianhostilitiesorwarswithothernationsmadethefrontiersunsafe.Butoncepeacewasrestored,pioneersresumedtheirwestwardmarch.Peoplealsotendedtomigrateduringprosperoustimes,whenmoneywasavailable.Duringperiodsofdepression,migrationoftenslowedtoatrickle.Sometimes,asinthecaseoftheGreatPlains,technologyspurredsettlement.Theinventionofbarbedwire（带刺铁丝网）andimprovementsinthewindmill（风车）andinfarmmachineryhelpedopentheGreatPlainstosettlers.2.

ResultsofWestwardMovement14/322.

ResultsofWestwardMovement(2)Thefrontierinfluence.Thefrontierwasmorethanaplaceonamap.ItwasanexperiencethatshapedmanyAmericaninstitutionsandideas.Thefrontierenvironmentpresentedchallengesthatproducedcreativesolutions.Forexample,frontiersettlementsweremuchlesscomplexthantheestablishedcommunitiesoftheEast.Asaresult,pioneerssetupsimpleformsofgovernmentthatmetfrontierneeds.Similarly,theelaboratesocialcustomsoftheEastgavewaytothesimplerpleasuresofbarndancesandcornhuskingcontests.

15/32

Thefrontierexperiencepromoteddemocracy.EstablishedleadersrarelymigratedfromtheEast,andsothefrontierbroughtawiderangeofpeopleintogovernment.Classlinesalsoblurredinfrontiersocieties.Itbecamedifficulttodistinguishapermanentupperorlowerclassbecauseanyonemightstrikeitrichorsufferasetback.Thefrontier'sabundantresourceswereequallyavailabletoall.

Thefrontierexperiencealsoencouragedthedevelopmentofcertain"American"characteristics.Frontierswereisolatedplaces,andsopioneershadtomakemanyitemstheymightotherwisehavetradedfororbought.2.

ResultsofWestwardMovement16/32Theybuilttheirownhousesandbarnsandproducedtheirownfood.Theymadetheirowncandles,clothing,furniture,pots,tools,andothernecessities.Asjacksofalltrades,pioneersbecameinventiveandself-reliant.Inaddition,frontiersofferedopportunitiesforsuccesstothosewhoworkedhard.Asaresult,pioneerstendedtobeoptimisticaboutthefutureandconcernedwithmaterialwealth.Boastfulnessandself-confidenceemergedasfrontiertraitsaswell.

Unfortunately,thepioneersalsobecameextremelywastefulbecausetheylivedamongsuchplentifulnaturalresources.Pioneerscutdownvastareasofforests,lostlargeamountsofgoldandothermineralsincarelessminingoperations,andexhaustedthesoil.

2.

ResultsofWestwardMovement17/32

ThecontinualpursuitofabetterlifemadeAmericansmorerestlessthantheirEuropeanancestors.TheFrenchhistorianAlexisdeTocquevilleremarkedthatinAmerica"amanbuildsahousetospendhisoldage,andhesellsitbeforetheroofison....Hebringsafieldintotillageandleavesothermentogatherthecrops;heembracesaprofessionandgivesitup;hesettlesinaplace,whichhesoonafterwardsleavestocarryhischangeablelongingselsewhere."Aspeoplemovedfromplacetoplace,theylosttheirattachmenttoaspecificregion.Theybegantoidentifymorewiththenationasawholeandtoseethemselvesas"Americans."Inthatway,thewestwardmovementpromotednationalism.Manyhistoriansbelievethatsuchfrontiertraitsasnationalism,inventiveness,andoptimismsurviveintheAmericancharactertoday..18/321776年美国独立时，只据有大西洋沿岸地域，面积约40万平方英里。而它西部，是6．5倍于当初美国本土“处女地”。1784、1785和1787年制订三个土地法，是美国开发西部纲领：

一,宣告西部土地国有化

二,决定将公地向自由移民开放

三,要求在西部建立新州必须采取共和制，并不得实施强迫劳动。

西部开发在美国国内引发了大规模移民运动。成千上万独立农民得以在如此辽阔土地上不受任何封建残余束缚地自由发展，并以自由土地开发为中心形成农业、矿业、城镇和铁路全方面开发格局，组成了美国西部开发经典时期.———节选自《人民日报》19/32Class-readingWhathappened?HerfamilymembersWhydidhermotherslapabear?Howdidtheygetsugarinthewoods?20/32strap:v.用带捆扎n.带子；皮带；snugglevt.&vi.依偎；舒适地蜷伏；紧靠；拥抱21/32QuestionsWheredidthefamilylive?Whatdidthefatherdoonemorning?Canyoudescribethesurroundingsofthelittlehouse?WhatdidMadowhenherhusbanddidn’tcomebackonenight?Aftertheysawthebear,whatdidMaandLaurado?Whatdidtheyseeinthebarnyard?Whatdidtheythinkofthebear?Weretheysafeintheend?Whatdidthefatherbringback?22/32Readthepassageandunderlinethewordsunfamiliartoyou,orthesentencesyoucannotunderstand.Afterreading,finishExAandB,onpage20and21.Trytotellusthemainideaofthispassage.

Readthepassage23/32.Thewoodsweredark,buttherewasagraylightonthesnowypath,andintheskytherewereafewfaintstars.森林里已经暗下来。铺满白雪小路隐隐泛着灰色光，夜空中悬挂着几颗暗淡星星。24/32

Itssideswereoftin,withplacescutinthemforthecandle-lighttoshinethrough.灯笼壁是用锡皮做,上面有一些豁口，方便烛光透出来。Theprepositionofheremeansmadefrom.e.g.Thedressisofsilk.Thecrownisofgold.25/32

Thesunsankoutofsight,thewoodsgrewdark,andhedidnotcome.Mastartedsupperandsetthetable,buthedidnotcome.Itwastimetodothechores,andstillhehadnotcome.

太阳已经不见了,森林也渐渐暗了下来,爸爸没有回来。妈妈准备好晚餐,摆好了桌子,父亲还是没有回来。到了平时干杂活时间,他依然没有回来Notethatthesentencehedidnotcomehasbeenrepeatedthreetimesinthisshortparagraph.TherepetitionstressestheanxietywithwhichthechildrenarewaitingforPa'scomingback.26/32Mawasworried,butPasaidthatbystartingbeforesun-upandwalkingveryfastalldayhecouldgethomeagainbeforedark.

（妈妈很担心。但父亲说，假如日出前就出发，而且快些走，他能够在天黑前赶回来。）Sun-upisanAmericanexpressionforsunrise.NotethatsometimesAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishhavedifferentwordsforthesamething.27/32

Pasaidhemustgototowntotradethefursofthewildanimalshehadbeentrappingallwinter.

（父亲说他必须去城里一趟,卖掉他一冬捕捉兽皮。）Thewordtradeisoftenusedasan