统考版高考英语一轮复习必修4Unit11TheMedia课时提能练含解析北师大版

一轮复习精品资料(高中)PAGE1-课时提能练(二十一)必修4Unit11TheMedia(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·开封市一模)AndrewGreydoesn'tfitmostpeople'sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop，notinalaboruniversity，yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA'sKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies，onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience，butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott，anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天体物理学家)andco­founderofZooniverse，aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield，fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved，therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages，graphs，orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans，particularlyamateurscientists，don'tstayfocusedonwhatthey'resupposedto.Andthat'sgood，becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesn'thavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff，directoroftheProgramonScience，TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthencanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.That'swhathappenedinFlint，Michigan，whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizen­poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized，regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels，scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself，Lintottsays，“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent，butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”〖语篇解读〗数个世纪以来，只有少数普通人为科学做出了贡献。但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参与的，每个人都有可能成为科学家。1．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects.B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.C．Thesupportofthegovernment.D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.B〖细节理解题。根据第二段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople...toscience”可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，从而使更多的普通人也能参与科学研究，促成了公民科学家的出现，故选B。〗2．Whatisaadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.C．Humanscanobserveuncommonthings.D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.C〖细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Andthat'sgood，becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset”可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于其能够注意到一些不寻常的东西，故C项正确。〗3．WhatisLintott'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Favorable. B．Cautious.C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.A〖观点态度题。根据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参与，第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent，butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp”可推知，Lintott支持公民科学，故选A。〗4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．CitizenScientistsCanBeIntelligentB．ScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneC．AnyoneCanBeaScientistD．ScienceIsEverywhereC〖标题归纳题。文章第一段以表述澳大利亚汽车修理工AndrewGrey成为公民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家ChrisLintott和SheilaJasanoff对于公民科学家的看法，并结合倒数第二段中的“scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople”可知，本文主要肯定了公民科学家，表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章标题。〗B(2020·广东省七校联合体第二次联考)Weliveinanageofinformation.Alltheinformationshouldallowustomakeinformed，data­drivendecisionsallthetime.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatyouactuallyusealltheinformationevenifyouhaveit.Infact，peoplereadilymakesnapjudgementsinavarietyofsituations.Peopleformlastingimpressionsofotherswithinasecondandconsumersmakeshoppingdecisionsbasedonlittleconsideration.Inarecentstudy，weaskedparticipantstoimaginehavingpleasantorunpleasanttalkswithanotherperson.Forcomparison，weaskedanothergroupofparticipantstoconsiderhowmanyofthosetalkstheywouldneedtodeterminesomeone'scharacter.Wefoundthatpeoplebelievedtheywouldneedmanytalkstomakethisjudgement，whileinfactthefirstgroupneededfew.Inanotherstudy，weaskedsomestudentstowriteapplicationsforsomepositions，andthenaskedactualHRpeopletoreadtheirmaterial.Thestudentswrotemuchmorematerialthantherecruiterscaredtoread.Thereareseveralreasonswhypeoplemighthavethewrongimpressionaboutmakingjudgements.Onepossibilityisthebeliefthatthehumanmindprocessesinformationincrementally(递增地)，consideringthatnewinformationisaddedtooldinformationuntilsomementallevelisreachedformakingadecision.Inreality，however，thefirstfewpiecesofinformationweigh(有影响)muchmoreheavilythanthelaterinformation.Sometimesquickdecisionsareaccurateandcansavetime.However，theymaysometimesleadtomisunderstandings.Imagineasituationinwhichamanagerwithlimitedinformationformsanopinionofanemployeeheisunsureabout.Amanagerwhoseesanemployeemakeasmallmisstep(错误)inanunimportantprojectmayavoidofferinghimchallengingprojectsinthefuture，whichinturnwouldaffectthisemployee'scareerdevelopment.Moderntechnologyallowsanydecisionmadetodaytobemoreinformedthanthesamedecisionmadeafewdecadesago.Butthehumanrelianceonquickjudgementsmayavoidthispromise.Intheexplorationformoreinformeddecision­making，researcherswillneedtoexplorewaystoencouragepeopletoslowdownthejudgement.〖语篇解读〗我们生活在信息时代，我们掌握的信息使我们做出有依据的、数据导向的决定。但有时我们并不依据这些信息做决定，这样做出的决定有时可能会导致不好的结果。5．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“snap”inParagraph1?A．Slow. B．Negative.C．Quick. D．Satisfying.C〖词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的“withinasecond”和“basedonlittleconsideration”可知，“snapjudgments”指的是仓促的判断，由此可知，画线词的含义与quick的含义相近。故选C。〗6．ThestudiesinParagraph2suggestthatwhenpeoplemakejudgements，they________.A．areeasilyinfluencedbytheircurrentmoodsB．prefertocommunicatewithpeopletheytrustC．tendtolearnfromtheirpreviousexperiencesD．actuallyuselessinformationthanexpectedD〖细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，最近的这项研究发现，人们认为他们需要很多次谈话才能做出这样的判断，而实际上第一组参与者只需要很少的谈话；根据第二段最后一句可知，另一项研究表明学生们写的申请材料比招聘人员尽力看的多得多。由此可知，这两个研究表明当人们做判断的时候，他们实际上使用的信息比所期望的要少。故选D。〗7．WhatcanweknowaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Goodthinkinghabitshelpimprovementalhealth.B．Earlyinformationcontributesmoretodecision­making.C．Newinformationismoreimportantforknowledgedevelopment.D．Oldandnewinformationwillcombinetocreatecarefuljudgements.B〖细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，实际上，前几条信息比后来的信息的影响要大得多。由此可知，在做判断的时候，早期信息的影响力度更大。故选B。〗8．WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph4show?A．Decisionsbasedonlessinformationcanleadtoharmfulresults.B．Wecanmakeprogressbychallengingourselves.C．Excellentemployeesaregoodatanalyzinginformation.D．Goodcommunicationskillsarenecessaryforanablemanager.A〖推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，迅速做出的决定有时可能会导致误解；由下文紧接着举例来说明这一情况可推知，这个例子表明，基于较少信息做出的决定可能导致有害的结果。故选A。〗Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·开封市一模)OnaMondaymorning，backin2015，Irememberedparkingmycaroutsidemydoctor'sclinicinBroadwater，WesternAustralia.Ifelt__1__andIcarefullypracticedwhatIwantedtotellmydoctor.Heartbreak，sorrowandthelossofacompletefamilyleftmenotcopingwell.Iwas__2__.Ihadtriedtopickmyselfup，triedtothrowmyselfintomyworkasaneducatorinbefore­andafter­schoolcare，andalsotriedtofocusonmyart.__3__theseefforts，mydepressionhadn'tgoneaway.Itkept__4__likeacancerinmyinnerworld.Iwantedanormal__5__.Iwantedtobeashealthyasmyson，Kai，whowas__6__me.Itookafewdeepbreathsandwentintotheclinicformy__7__.AfterIreturnedtomycar，Ishutthedoorandstarted__8__uncontrollably.MydoctorsaidIhadseveredepression.Ineededtotakeantidepressants(抗抑郁药)．Ihadtomakesomebig__9__togetbetter.Stillsobbing，Iwas__10__tohearaknockonmycardoor.Aslimladywithshortfairhair__11__openeditandbegantospeakcalmlyandkindlytome.“Idon'tknowwhatyou're__12__rightnow.Butknowthis，Iwishyouwell.Ibelieveyouwillbe__13__andwhatyouaregoingthroughwillpass，”shesaid.“CanIgiveyouahug？”ThereIwas，aweepingmess,__14__acceptingthiskindstranger'scomfortinghug.AllI__15__toreplyinachoked(哽咽的)voicewas“Thankyou”．Thiswasthemostsignificantactof__16__thatI'veeverexperiencedfromastranger.Itgavemehope.My__17__startedrightthere.Aboutayearlater，Ibumpedintothesamekind__18__attheopeningofanartexhibition.She__19__meandsmiled.ShesaidshecouldtellIwasdoingwell.We__20__again，andoncemoreIcouldexpressmyappreciationforheract.〖语篇解读〗作者遭遇家庭变故后变得异常郁闷，去诊所看医生时，被医生诊断为严重抑郁。作者从诊所出来后坐在车里哭泣，一位陌生的女士安慰了作者并给了作者一个拥抱，作者从那时开始好转。一年后，作者再次偶遇那位女士，那位女士也认出了作者并对作者微笑。作者再次和那位女士拥抱并表达了自己的感激之情。1．A.confident B．proudC．nervous D．patientC〖根据空后的“IcarefullypracticedwhatIwantedtotellmydoctor”可推知，作者在面对医生之前很紧张。〗2．A.ashamed B．astonishedC．depressed D．confusedC〖根据上文中的“Heartbreak，sorrowandthelossofacompletefamilyleftmenotcopingwell”可知，作者在这种情况下应是很沮丧，与下文“mydepressionhadn'tgoneaway”呼应。〗3．A.Without B．DespiteC．Beyond D．ThroughB〖根据空后的“mydepressionhadn'tgoneaway”可知，尽管做出了这些努力，但作者的抑郁并没有消失。〗4．A.growing B．survivingC．moving D．wanderingA〖根据本句中的“likeacancer”，并结合下文作者失控大哭可知，此处表示抑郁像癌症一样在作者内心继续增长。〗5．A.excuse B．lifeC．job D．rewardB〖根据空后的“Iwantedtobeashealthyasmyson...”和语境可知，作者想要一种正常的生活。〗6．A.lookingfor B．waitingforC．walkingaround D．dependingonD〖根据上文中的“thelossofacompletefamily”可推知，作者的儿子是依靠作者生活的。〗7．A.school B．neighborhoodC．house D．appointmentD〖根据上文的“Irememberedparkingmycaroutsidemydoctor'sclinic”和语境可知，作者上文是在交代自己去看医生之前的心理状态和故事背景，此处表示作者深呼吸，然后进入诊所赴约。〗8．A.coughing B．weepingC．laughing D．shakingB〖根据下文的“Stillsobbing”可知，作者看完医生后回到车里开始失控哭泣。〗9．A.preparations B．commentsC．changes D．contributionsC〖根据本句中的“togetbetter”和语境可知，作者必须做出一些大的改变才能够有所改善。〗10．A.surprised B．delightedC．disappointed D．excitedA〖根据语境可知，一位陌生的女士来敲作者的车门，这让作者感到很意外。〗11．A.quickly B．madlyC．gently D．casuallyC〖结合本句中的“speakcalmlyandkindlytome”可知，那位女士应是轻轻地打开作者的车门。〗12．A.describing B．observingC．determining D．experiencingD〖作为陌生人，那位女士并不了解作者正在经历的事情，与下文中的“whatyouaregoingthrough”呼应。〗13．A.leftbehind B．lookedafterC．calledon D．turnedoffB〖根据上文的“Iwishyouwell”和上文作者去看医生可知，那位女士告诉作者，“我相信你将得到照顾，你正在经历的终将过去”。〗14．A.calmly B．eagerlyC．unwillingly D．gratefullyD〖根据下文的“Thankyou”可推知，作者心怀感激地接受了这个陌生人给予的令人安慰的拥抱。〗15．A.managed B．decidedC．failed D．attemptedA〖根据语境可知，作者以哽咽的声音努力回答了一句“谢谢你”。〗16．A.courage B．kindnessC．wisdom D．devotionB〖根据上文一位陌生的女士安慰作者并给了作者一个拥抱可知，此处表示这是作者经历的来自一个陌生人的最重要的善举。〗17．A.treatment B．experimentC．recovery D．adventureC〖根据上文的“Itgavemehope”和下文中的“ShesaidshecouldtellIwasdoingwell”可知，此处表示作者从那时开始恢复。〗18．A.lady B．doctorC．educator D．girlA〖根据上文的“Aslimlady”和本句中的“thesame”可推知，作者一年后又偶遇了那位女士。〗19．A.recognized B．forgaveC．understood D．comfortedA〖根据本句中的“andsmiled”和“ShesaidshecouldtellIwasdoingwell”可推知，那位女士也认出了作者。〗20．A.met B．noddedC．acted D．huggedD〖根据本句中的“again”，并与上文的“acceptingthiskindstranger'scomfortinghug”呼应可推知，作者和那位女士再次拥抱。〗课时提能练(二十二)必修4Unit11TheMedia(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·安徽省部分重点学校联考)GretchenAltmanissmiling，leaningbackcasually，withacupofcoffeeinherhand—HillsBros.Coffee，tobeprecise.Itlookslikeacasualshot，butifyougivealike，leaveacomment，andtagafriend，youcangetthreedifferentcupsofcoffee，forfree.Altmanispartofagrowingtrendof“micro­influencers”．Shehasasmallfollowing—around6,000onInstagram.Hergoingrateis$300to$800topromotesomething.Shedoessomepostsinexchangeforfreegoods，aslongasit'sstuffshebelievesin.Asamicro­influencershehasamuchcloserrelationshipwithherfollowersthanabigsocialmediastar.“I'mjustlivinganormallifeandpeoplerelatetothat，”shesays.“TheyjustfeellikeI'mafriendoftheirs.”Butitworriesconsumerrightsgroups.Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatyoungaudiencesarelargelyunabletounderstandwhensomethingissponsoredcontent.Insomecases，it'sclear.WhenabigstartakestoadvertisingCoca­Colaonthesocialmedia，forexample，theassumptionisthatheorshe'sprobablygettingpaidtodoso.Andthepostsareclearlylabeledasads，withthecaption“advertisement”or“sponsoredcontent”．Butwhatmayhappenwhenanordinarypersonwithjustacouplethousandfollowerstakestoextolling(颂扬)thevirtuesofaproduct?Themotivationsarenotsoclear.Theproblemwiththesesocialmediapostsisthatyoudon'tknowwhetherit'sanadornot.Altmanisdiligentaboutusingthosehashtags(话题)．Sheloveswhatshedoesandseesitasbusiness，butshedoesn'tnecessarilywanttobeasocialmediacelebrity.“Withsocialmediabeingsointegratedintooureverydaylives，wehavethisuniqueopportunitythatIdon'tthinkanyonehaseverhadbeforewherewecaneachbeourownbrand，”Altmansays.〖语篇解读〗文章介绍了当前社交媒体上的微影响者的作用以及其所带来的问题。1．Whatdoesamicro­influencerdoaccordingtothepassage?A．Giveenoughlikes.B．Dopoststopromoteproducts.C．Recommendsomecomments.D．Designadvertisements.B〖细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Hergoingrateis$300to$800topromotesomething.Shedoessomepostsinexchangeforfreegoods，aslongasit'sstuffshebelievesin”可知，微影响者做的是发布一些帖子来推销一些产品。故选B。〗2．Whatmakesconsumerrightsgroupsfeelworried?A．Sponsoredadscontent.B．Adswithcaptiononposts.C．Theunclearmotivationsoftheposts.D．Theincreasinglygrowingnumberofaudiences.C〖推理判断题。根据文章第四至六段的表述可推知，微影响者发帖子用来打广告，但不加任何说明，会导致年轻人不能有效辨别帖子的目的，所以这种意图不明的帖子会对浏览者造成困扰，这是消费者权益群体所担心的问题。故选C。〗3．HowdoesGretchenAltmanfeelaboutbeingamicro­influencer?A．Annoyed. B．Delighted.C．Ambitious. D．Depressed.B〖推理判断题。根据第七段“Altmanisdiligentaboutusingthosehashtags(话题)．Sheloveswhatshedoesandseesitasbusiness，butshedoesn'tnecessarilywanttobeasocialmediacelebrity”可知，GretchenAltman喜欢她做的事，而且非常勤奋。由此可推知，她对成为微影响者感到开心。故选B。〗4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A．InstagramAdvertising：DoYouKnowIt，WhenYouSeeIt?B．ToBeaMicro­influencerortoBeaBigStarC．WeCanEachBeOurOwnTopBrandD．HillsBros.Coffee，YourCoffeeA〖标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了微影响者利用Instagram等社交平台发一些帖子，以推销某些产品；但是这种做法到底是在做广告还是出于其他目的，看帖子的人并不知道，由此引发了消费者权益群体的担忧。由此可推知，A项最适合作本文的标题。〗B(2020·江西省五校协作体上学期考试试题)Lifebeneaththeseasurfacecanbelovelyandlively.Butmanyorganismsthereproducepoisonouschemicalstohunters.Diversarenowcollectingsuchpoisonsasdrugsforhumanmedicine.Sharksaren'tthescariestthingsintheoceanforscientistswhodivetowork.Powerfulcurrents，creatingwheretheoceanfloordropsaway，canbejustasdeadly.Butthescientistswhoworkunderwateraretrainedtodealwiththesedangers.Therewardsofresearchandunderwateradventuresaregreaterthantherisks.Theseamayseemlikeastrangeplacetolookfornewdrugs.Butorganismsintheoceanhavehadtoadapttoatoughenvironment.Thechemicalstheymakeforsurvivalmighthelppeople，too.Morethan50yearsago，scientistsdiscoveredanewanti­cancerdruginaseasponge.Sincethen，researchershavebeenhuntingformoreofsuchusefulnaturalproductsintheseas.Withthehelpofunderwaterrobotsandsmallsubmarines，scientistsaresearchingtheseas—fromshallowreefstotheocean'sgreatdepths.BacterialivingintheArctic'scoldwatersbreakdowntheirfoodusingmoredifferentwaysthanorganismsonlanddo.Thisprocessofturningfoodintoenergyforgrowth，activitiesandreproductioniscalledmetabolism(新陈代谢)．Thesepathwaysalsoproducechemicalscalled“secondarymetabolites”．Onedaytheyalsomighthelppeople.Duringafour­yearprojectcalledPharmaSeas，scientistsmadethousandsofextractsfromthoseseafloorsamples.Inaboutadozenofthem，researchersfoundmixturesthatcankillbacteriathatsomeoftoday'santibiotics(抗生素)cannotkill.Threeothernew­foundchemicalsreduceepilepticseizures(癫痫病发作)inmice.YetanothercompoundmayreducethesymptomsofAlzheimer'sdisease.〖语篇解读〗海洋生物释放的某些有毒化学物能被用作人类药物的来源，于是科学家潜入海底去寻找这些海洋新药药源。5．Whydoseaorganismsproducechemicals?A．Towarnthemselvesinthesea.B．Tobenefitothercreatures.C．Tochangetheirenvironment.D．Tostruggleforsurvival.D〖细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Butmanyorganismsthereproducepoisonouschemicalstohunters”以及第三段第三句中的“Thechemicalstheymakeforsurvival”可知，海洋生物产生化学物是为了生存。〗6．InwhatwaydoesArcticbacteriadifferfromorganismsonlandaccordingtothetext?A．Medicinalvalue.B．Thewayofhunting.C．Thewayofbreakingdownfood.D．Importancetohumans.C〖细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“BacterialivingintheArctic'scoldwatersbreakdowntheirfoodusingmoredifferentwaysthanorganismsonlanddo”可知，北极寒冷水域的细菌和陆地上的微生物分解食物的方式不同。〗7．Whatisspecialaboutthemixturesfromseafloorsamples?A．Theyhavethesameeffectsastoday'smedicine.B．Theyhaveuniquefunctions.C．Theycantreatmostdiseases.D．Theycankillallbacteria.B〖推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是第二句“Inaboutadozenofthem...thatsomeoftoday'santibiotics(抗生素)cannotkill”可推知，来自海底样品的混合物有其独特的功能。〗8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．DivingforNewMedicinesB．ThreatsfromtheOceanC．FutureSourcesofBacteriaD．DangerofDivingintheSeaA〖标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句“Diversarenowcollectingsuchpoisonsasdrugsforhumanmedicine”并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家潜入海底寻找海洋生物释放出的能作为药源的有毒化学物的相关情况，故选A。〗Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·西安五校联考)Anadulthasanaverageof50,000thoughtseveryday.However，mostofthetimegreatideascomewhenyourbrainisinthe“diffusedmode(扩散模式)”，likewhenyou'rebathingintheshower.__1__Thisiswhenourmindsarethemostrelaxedandconnectdifferentneuralpathways(神经通路)tocomeupwithbrandnewideas.Theproblemisthatbecauseourbrainsaresorelaxed，there'snointentiontomarkdownideasthatcomealong.Rememberthecreativeideayoucameupwithintheshower?Ofcourseyoucan'trememberitbecauseyoudidn'ttakethetimetowriteitdown.However，intoday'sraceagainsttime，wejustcan'tspareanextramomenttowritedowntheideasthatconstantlypassthroughourheads.__2__Wethinkthatifthethoughtisthatimportant，we'llrememberitlaterandputitintoaction.Butwedon't.__3___Forthis，youneedtokeeprecordingtoolswithinreach.However，don'tsetoutyournotebookandpendirectlyinfrontofyou，orelseyou'renolongerinthe“diffusedmode”andthoughtsaren'tfreelyflowing.Butyouwantthenotebooktobecloseenough.___4__Nowthatyouhavetheideaswrittendown，youneedtoreinforce(加强)theideastoturnthemintosomethingbigger.__5___Duringthesetimesyoucanremovesomeofthelessusefulideas，organizethem，andstartdevelopingthepotentiallysuccessfulones.A．Don'tbetoofocusedonasingleidea.B．Creativeideascometousduringthisstateofmind.C．Somepeoplemaythinkthatit'sevenawasteoftime.D．Youshouldgooveryourideasaroundthreetimesaweek.E．It'seasytofallintothetrapofimmediatelyorganizingyourthoughts.F．Inthisway，whenthethoughtscometoyou，ittakeslittleefforttowritethemdown.G．Thus，writedownthegreatideanomatterhowconfidentyouareaboutyourmemory.〖语篇解读〗一个成年人每天平均有50000种想法；而大多数情况下，当大脑处于扩散模式时会产生好点子；本文主要介绍了我们应该如何将我们在大脑的扩散模式下得到的好点子记下来并付诸实施。1．B〖根据空后一句表述的这就是我们大脑最放松且能想到很多全新的主意的时候可知，空处应是与时间和创新想法相关的表述，结合选项可知，B项与此处匹配，故选B。〗2．C〖前一句是说人们不能腾出额外的时间来记下这些想法；空后一句是说我们认为如果这个想法如此重要，我们之后就会记得，并付诸实施，但实际上我们并不记得，由此可知C项符合语境。〗3．G〖根据上文表述的我们之后并不记得一闪而过的想法可知，不管你对自己的记忆力多有自信，你都应该把那个好想法记下来，故选G。〗4．F〖空前一句表述你想让笔记本离你足够近，空处应该讲的是这样做的目的和作用，故选F。〗5．D〖本句为承上启下句，根据空后一句中的“Duringthesetimes”可推知，空处应是与times相关的内容，故选D，且D项中的“gooveryourideas”与空前一句中的“reinforce(加强)theideas”相呼应。〗Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·深圳市普通高中第二次测试)HighontheQinghai­TibetPlateau1.________(lie)China's“watertower”Sanjiangyuan.ItishometotheheadwatersofChina'sthreerivers:theYellowRiver,YangtzeRiver,andLancangRiver.Itisthethreerivers2.________providewaterforabouthalfthepopulationofChina.However,humanactivitiesareputtingthisecosystem3.________risk.Hopefully,though,wecanreverse(彻底转变)thisdamage.In2016,theChinesegovernmentestablishedSanjiangyuanNationalParkinQinghaiProvince.Thepark,4.________(schedule)toopenin2020,hasincreasedthearea'sgreencoverageandattractedmorewildlife.Thelocalgovernmenthasalsomadegreateffortstoimprovebiologicaldiversity.WithSanjiangyuan5.________(take)thelead,thesuccesswillmarkthestartofa6.________(green)future.AndnineotherregionsinChina〖语篇解读〗文章主要介绍了我国在改善三江源生态环境方面所做的努力。1．lies〖考查时态和主谓一致。该句描述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；该句为全部倒装句，其主语是“China's‘watertower’Sanjiangyuan”，表示单数概念；所以谓语动词用lies。〗2．that〖考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个强调句，即“Itis＋被强调的部分＋that...”结构，判断方式是把Itis和that去掉，句子结构依然完整。本句是对句子的主语“thethreerivers”进行强调，所以填that。〗3．at〖考查介词。此处表示人类活动正在使这一生态系统受到威胁，atrisk“受到威胁”是固定搭配，符合语境，所以填介词at。〗4．scheduled〖考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处与句子的谓语部分hasincreased之间没有连词，故此处应是非谓语动词形式，且此处和句子主语“Thepark”构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式scheduled。〗5．taking〖考查with复合结构。分析句子结构可知，此处是with复合结构，在句子中作状语；空处和名词“Sanjiangyuan”构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式taking。〗6．greener〖考查形容词的比较级。与上文人类活动使生态系统恶化形成对比，三江源国家公园的建立改善了当地的生态环境，将标志着一个更加环保的未来的开始，含有比较的含义，所以填greener。〗7．havebeenchosen〖考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，choose和句子的主语“nineotherregions”构成被动关系，应用被动语态，又由句中的时间状语“overthepastthreeyears”可知，应用现在完成时，所以填havebeenchosen。〗8．which〖考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词“nineotherregions”，所以填which。〗9．its〖考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“它的实现”，故应填形容词性物主代词its，修饰名词realization。〗10．importance〖考查词形转换。空前的great是形容词，作定语，修饰名词，所以应填importance。〗Ⅳ.短文改错(2020·开封市一模)Keepingagoodhabitareveryimportant，butI'malittlelazyandfindthathardtokeepagoodhabit.LastSunday，Iwenttoplayfootballwithsomefriendsastheusual.Itwasalreadyteno'clockwhenIgethome.IwassotiredthatIwentstraighttobedinsteadtakingabathfirst.Thenextmorning，wewenttotakeabathandthenwenttoschool.However，itwasverycoldthatmorningandIdidn'tdrymyhairs.IgotabadcoldandfeltterriblythewholedayandIstartedtoregrethowIhaddone.IfIhadtakenabaththemomentIarrivedhome，Iwouldn'thavegotacold.Yousee，agoodhabitistrueimportant.〖〖答案〗〗Keepingagoodhabiteq\f(are,is)veryimportant，butI'malittlelazyandfindeq\f(that,it)hardtokeepagoodhabit.LastSunday，Iwenttoplayfootballwithsomefriendsaseq\o(the,＼)usual.Itwasalreadyteno'clockwhenIeq\f(get,got)home.IwassotiredthatIwentstraighttobedinsteadeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(of))takingabathfirst.Thenextmorning，eq\f(we,I)wenttotakeabathandthenwenttoschool.However，itwasverycoldthatmorningandIdidn'tdrymyeq\f(hairs,hair).Igotabadcoldandfelteq\f(terribly,terrible)thewholedayandIstartedtoregreteq\f(how,what)Ihaddone.IfIhadtakenabaththemomentIarrivedhome，Iwouldn'thavegotacold.Yousee，agoodhabitiseq\f(true,truly)important.课时提能练(二十一)必修4Unit11TheMedia(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·开封市一模)AndrewGreydoesn'tfitmostpeople'sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop，notinalaboruniversity，yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA'sKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies，onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience，butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott，anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天体物理学家)andco­founderofZooniverse，aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield，fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved，therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages，graphs，orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans，particularlyamateurscientists，don'tstayfocusedonwhatthey'resupposedto.Andthat'sgood，becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesn'thavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff，directoroftheProgramonScience，TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthencanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.That'swhathappenedinFlint，Michigan，whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizen­poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized，regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels，scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself，Lintottsays，“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent，butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”〖语篇解读〗数个世纪以来，只有少数普通人为科学做出了贡献。但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参与的，每个人都有可能成为科学家。1．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects.B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.C．Thesupportofthegovernment.D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.B〖细节理解题。根据第二段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople...toscience”可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，从而使更多的普通人也能参与科学研究，促成了公民科学家的出现，故选B。〗2．Whatisaadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.C．Humanscanobserveuncommonthings.D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.C〖细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Andthat'sgood，becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset”可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于其能够注意到一些不寻常的东西，故C项正确。〗3．WhatisLintott'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Favorable. B．Cautious.C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.A〖观点态度题。根据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参与，第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent，butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp”可推知，Lintott支持公民科学，故选A。〗4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．CitizenScientistsCanBeIntelligentB．ScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneC．AnyoneCanBeaScientistD．ScienceIsEverywhereC〖标题归纳题。文章第一段以表述澳大利亚汽车修理工AndrewGrey成为公民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家ChrisLintott和SheilaJasanoff对于公民科学家的看法，并结合倒数第二段中的“scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople”可知，本文主要肯定了公民科学家，表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章标题。〗B(2020·广东省七校联合体第二次联考)Weliveinanageofinformation.Alltheinformationshouldallowustomakeinformed，data­drivendecisionsallthetime.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatyouactuallyusealltheinformationevenifyouhaveit.Infact，peoplereadilymakesnapjudgement