2024年-Disaster自然灾害英文介绍原创

NaturalDisasterEarthquakeVolcanoeruptionTyphoonForestfireTsunamiPlague1Earthquake2HowHarmfulEarthquakeis?20085.12WenchuanEarthquakemagnitude8.0Morethan69000died18000disappearedDirecteconomylost:845billion32024/5/1220113.14JapanEarthquakemagnitude9.0Morethan14,000died10,000disappearedMorethan11,000becomehomelessNuclearleak(核泄漏)42024/5/12BasicKnowledgeaboutEarthquakeEarthquake：resultofasuddenreleaseofenergyinthe

EarthCrust(地壳)

thatcreates

seismicwaves(地震波).Measuredbyenergyitreleased,Richtermagnitudescale（里氏地震级）.

Scalephenomenonfrequency

Under3.0Nofeeling

1000perday

3.0-5.0Felt,buildingshake,nobigdamage

Morethan

5,0000timesperyear

5.0-6.9damagewithin100km2area,somebuildingcollapsed.

100timesperyear

Above7.0seriousdamageover1000km2area,lotsofbuildingfalldown

1timeperyear52024/5/12

TypesofEarthquakeFault(断层)types:normal,reverse(thrust)andstrike-slipDepthofearthquakeoccurring:Shallow-focus(lessthan70km)mid-focus(70-300km)deep-focus(300to700km)62024/5/12ShakingandgroundruptureLandslidesandavalanches（山体滑坡、雪崩）FiresSoilliquefaction（地陷）Tsunami（海啸）Floods

EffectsofEarthquake72024/5/12EarthquakesafetytipsIfyouareindoors：staythere.Quicklymovetoasafelocationintheroomsuchasunderastrongdesk,astrongtable,oralonganinteriorwall.Ifyouarecooking：turnoffthestoveandtakecover.Ifyouareoutdoors：movetoanopenareaIfyouaredriving：slowdownsmoothlyandstoponthesideoftheroad82024/5/12Thanks！92024/5/12Volcanoeruption1011TheWordVolcanoThewordvolcanocomesfromtheRomangodoffire,Vulcan.Structureofvolcano单击此处添加内容TypesofVolcanoes单击此处添加内容单击此处添加标题单击此处添加内容单击此处添加标题单击此处添加内容Below:

MountKilauea,Hawaii

CinderVolcanoes单击此处添加内容CompositeVolcanoes单击此处添加内容VolcanoHazards

单击此处添加内容Volcanobenefits黑曜石、浮石

熔岩中的气体嗝

火山温泉羊八井地热站VolcanoinChina单击此处添加内容云南腾冲火山国家地质公园长白山天池火山台湾龟山岛火山海南琼北火山VolcanoinuniverseQuestion:

Whatisthe

biggest(shield)volcano

inour

SolarSystem?Answer:

OlympusMons

(onplanet

Mars)珠穆朗玛峰和OlympusMons规模比较

Volcanoinuniverse珠穆朗玛峰和OlympusMons规模比较THANKYOU!Typhone25Typhoon26TheNameof"Typhoon"TyphoonisfromGreekwordτύφειν(typhein),meaning"tosmoke".InGreekmythology,typheinisGaia'sson,whichisaMonsterwithonehundredheads.τύφειν

27Differentcalls

Therearemanycallsof“Typhoon”indifferentplaces.

WesternNorthPacificandSouthChinaSeacalled"Typhoon".WesternAtlantic,Caribbean,GulfofMexicoandtheeasternNorthPacificcalled

"Hurricanes"IndianOcean

"Cyclone".Philippinescalled"Baguio".

Australianaboriginescalledthetyphoon"Willy-Willy".28TheFormofTyphoonSixmainrequirementsfortyphoonformationanddevelopment:sufficientlywarmseasurfacetemperaturesatmosphericinstabilityhighhumidityinthelowertomiddlelevelsofthetroposphereenoughCoriolisforcetodevelopalowpressurecenterapre-existinglowlevelfocusordisturbancelowverticalwindshear.29PeakMonthesandtheLandingArea

ThetyphoonsofChinamostlycomefromthenorthwesternPacificocean.ThelandingtimemostlyfromJulytoNovember.TheearlistonewouldlandinMay,whilethelastoneofenoccursinDecember.

ThelandingareaisalmostthroughouttheentirecoastalareaofChina,especillyinSoutheastChina.Guangdongisacoastalregionwiththehighestnumberoftyphoon,followedbyTaiwan,Hainan,FujianandZhejiang.30TheDestructionfromTyphoon3132333435TheDestructionfromTyphoon

Causewaterloggingandflooding

TrafficgridlockInundatedfarmland,grainreductioninproductionorcropsDestructionofthepowersupplysystem,resultinginpoweroutagesDestructionofurbangreensystem36Name

10

typhoonnamespresentedbytheChinese:

DragonKing,(Sun)monkey,rabbit,petrels,Aeolus,Poseidon,Rhododendron,electricmother,hippocampus,begonia.

龙王、（孙）悟空、玉兔、海燕、风神、海神、杜鹃、电母、海马、海棠Thesenamesshowfewdisastermeanings.Onthecontrast,mostofthenarewithmeaningofcivilizationandpeace,suchasjasmine,rose,pearls,lotus,cloudsandsoon.Whenthetyphoonmakesseriousdamageinsomeareas,thecountryorregioncanpresentanewnameinstead.37ForestFire38ForestFire39Typesofforestfire

surfacefire(地表火)canopyfire(林冠火)subsurfacefire(地下火)40Factors

coexist

inforestfirecombustibles(可燃物)ignitionsources

(火源

)oxygennaturalman-made

organicmaterial

notlessthan18%

volcaniceruption

lightningfire

41Relatedfactorsweatherterrains(地形)sunnyslope(阳坡)steephill（陡坡）forestland（林地）hightemperaturecontinuousdrought

strongwinds

42Regularityofoutbreak

periodical（周期性）annual（dryyears）seasonal(winter)daily(midday)43Influenceandprevention

airenvironmentecologicalsystemsocialstabilitymonitoringtechnology

satelliteremotesensingman’sconsciousness44Tsunami45TsunamiWhatis“tsunami”?Thegreatwaves“tsunami”

isaseriesoftravelingoceanwavesofextremelylonglengthgeneratedbyearthquakesoccurringbloworneartheocean,submarinelandslidesanderuptions.46DamageAPacific-widetsunamigeneratedbythe1960ChileEarthquake.TheGreatAlaskanEarthquakeof1964produceddeadlytsunamiwavesinAlaska,OregonandCalifornia.47in1992and1993over2,000peoplewerekilledbytsunamisoccurringinNicaragua,IndonesiaandJapan.2004IndianOceantsunamithe,killingaround230,000people.48495051525354WhatCauseTsunamis?earthquakessubmarinelandslidessubmarinevolcaniceruptionsalargemeteorite（陨石）impactintheoceanunderwatervolcaniceruptionandlandslides55TsunamiWarningCentersTheAlaskaTsunamiWarningCenter(ATWC)inPalmer,Alaska.ThePacificTsunamiWarningCenter(PTWC)inEwaBeach,Hawaii.ThePacificTsunamiWarningSystem(PTWS).OtherNationaltsunamiwarningcenters.56WhatYouShouldDo?Followtheadviceofteachersandotherschoolpersonnel.(inschool)Moveintheevacuationsiteortoanysafeplace.Followtheadviceoflocalemergencyandlawenforcementauthorities.(athome)Moveimmediatelytohigherground.DONOTwaitforatsunamiwarningtobeannounced.(atthebeachorneartheocean)57TipsShouldnotletthisnaturalhazarddiminishyourenjoymentofthebeachandocean.58TheendThankyou59Plague606162Plague(瘟疫)isanepidemic(传染病）ofinfectiousdiseasethatisspreadingthroughhumanpopula-tionsacrossalargeregion;forinstancemultiplecontinents,orevenworldwide.Awidespreadendemicdiseasethatisstableintermsofhowmanypeoplearegettingsickfromitisnotapandemic.63Theemergenceoftheepidemicshallmeetthefollowingconditions:1.Anewpathogenappearsinthecrowd.2.Thepathogencauseinfectionandseriousmedicalproblems.3.ThepathogensisInfectious,particularlyamonghumans.64Pandemicsandnotableepidemicsthroughhistory1、PlagueofAthens430BC.TyphoidfeverkilledaquarteroftheAtheniantroops,andaquarterofthepopulationoverfouryears.652、PlagueofJustinian

from541to750,wasthefirstrecordedoutbreakofthebubonicplague.ItcausedEurope'spopulationtodropbyaround50%between550and700million.663、BlackDeathstarted14thcentury.Thetotalnumberofdeathsworldwideisestimatedat75millionpeople.ItwasthefirstofacycleofEuropeanplagueepidemicsthatcontinueduntilthe18thcentury.674、SmallpoxThediseasekilledanestimated40millionEuro-peansperyearduringtheclosingyearsofthe18thcentury.Duringthe20thcentury,itisestimatedthatsmallpoxwasresponsiblefor300–500milliondeaths.684、SmallpoxThediseasekilledanestimated40millionEuro-peansperyearduringtheclosingyearsofthe18thcentury.Duringthe20thcentury,itisestimatedthatsmallpoxwasresponsiblefor300–500milliondeaths.69CurrentpandemicsHIVandAIDSHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS,iscurrentlyapandemic.ItspreadtotheUnitedStatesandmuchoftherestoftheworldbeginningaround1969