湖南省名校大联考2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试题（原卷版）

高三第一次质量检测英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.₤19.15.B.₤9.18.C.₤9.15.答案是C。4.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodomostprobably?A.Gohiking.B.Visitashop.C.Havedinner2.Howdoesthemanfeelnow?A.Embarrassed.B.Refreshed.C.Surprised.3.What’stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Customer,andwaiter.C.Colleagues.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Asong.B.Afan.C.Atrip.5.WhatdidthechildrenfailtodointheOceanPark?A.Watchdolphinshows.B.Seethewhitewhales.C.Feedtheseaturtles.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.What’sthedatetoday?A.It’sDecember23.B.It’sDecember24.C.It’sDecember25.7.Whatwillthespeakersgivetheirfather?A.Somemoney.B.Anairconditioner.C.Someflowers.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Intheclassroom.B.Inalibrary.C.Inacafeteria.9.Whathasthewomanbeenbusydoing?A.Meetingallherprofessors.B.Writingpapersforherclasses.C.Workingovertimeasalibrarian.10.Whatdoesthemangivethewoman?A.Apieceofadvice.B.Acupofcoffee.C.Somepapers.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whydidn’tthewomanhavetimetoexercise?A.Shehadtolookafterherdaughter.B.Shehadtolookafterherhusband.C.ShehadtopreparefortheingChristmas.12.Whatisthefirststeptoaccessinformation?A.Tappingthescreen.B.Downloadinganapp.C.Lightingupthreelights.13.Whatwillthewomandonext?AGohome.B.Keeprunning.C.Meetherfriend.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Howdidthewomanfeelaboutfindingajob?A.Difficult.B.Interesting.C.Necessary15.WhatdidthewomandoinShanghai?A.Shetookatriptothecity.B.Sheinterviewedsomeone.C.Sheaskedforajob.16.Whendidthewomangetherfirstjob?A.In2007.B.In2013.C.In2014.17.Wheredoesthewomanexpecttoflyinthefuture?A.InAmerica.B.InAfrica.C.InEurope.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Howcanplayersscoreinthegame?A.Bythrowinggarbageintotherightbins.B.Bycollectinggarbageasmuchaspossible.C.Byleavingtheleastgarbageattheendofthegame.19.Whatwasthemainpurposeofmakingthisgame?A.Tomakegarbagesortinginteresting.B.Toshowtheimportanceofgarbagesorting.C.Tospreadinformationongarbagesortingtotheyoung.20.WhatdoesZhouZhouthinkofthegame?A.It’sineffective.B.It’schallenging.C.It’shelpful第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAhugenumberofexchangeprogramsandsummerschoolprogramsareofferedtointernationalstudentsaroundforeignuniversitiesworldwide.Todayweexplainthetopstudentexchangeprogramsandsummerprogramsofferedtoforeignstudents.ViennaSummerSchoolViennaSummerSchoolprovidesanincredibleopportunityfor30bachelorlevelstudentstoresearchsidebysidewithworldtopresearchersinthefieldofbioengineering.Thispaidsummerprogramaimstoattractinternationalstudentsandcreateanexcellentresearchenvironment.Thisisaperfectopportunityforthosestudentswhoareinterestedinthefieldoflifescience.ThedurationofViennaSummerSchoolisfromSaturday,July1toAugust28,2023.SUSIStudentLeadersProgramBachelorlevelstudentsinPakistanwhoareinterestedinthetopicofpublic,local,stateandfederalpolicymakingareinvitedtostudyintheUSAthroughtheshortternSUSIstudentprogram2023heldattheUniversityofMassachusetts.ThisisanexchangeprogramforPakistanistudents.AllexpensesandacmodationcostswillbecoveredbySUSI,sotheapplicationperiodisveryshort.HansenLeadershipExchangeProgramTheHansenSummerInstituteforLeadershipisnowopenforthesummerexchangeprogram2023.TheHansensummerprogramofferstheopportunitytotheUSAandinternationalstudentstobuildbetterleadershipskillsandaculturalunderstandingenvironmentforthefuture.This3weeksummerexchangeprogramisopenforundergraduate,graduate,anddoctoralstudentswithanyacademicbackground.IWPSummerExchangeProgramIWPSummerExchangeProgram2023isatwoweekwritingandcultureexchangeprogramforPakistaniandIndianstudentsinIowaCity,USA.Theapplicantfrom18to22fromthesecountrieswithabackgroundinarthumanitiesisweletoapply.Thisprogramwillfocusoncreativityandisfreefortheselectedapplicants.Theselectedcandidateswillworktogetheronthecreationofpaintingsandsculptures.1.Whichprogramsuitsstudentswholikebiology?A.ViennaSummerSchool.B.SUSIStudentLeadersProgram.C.IWPSummerExchangeProgram.D.HansenLeadershipExchangeProgram.2.WhyshouldstudentsapplyforSUSIStudentLeadersProgramearly?A.Itisfullyfunded.BItisashorttermprogram.C.Itislimitedtopostgraduates.D.Itissupportedbythegovernment.3.WhatwillstudentsinIWPSummerExchangeProgramdo?A.Offerpolicyadvice. B.Conductresearch.C.Writeacademicpapers. D.Createartworks.BVisionaryarchitectsdesignbuildingswhichspeakforthemselves.Fromtoweringconcretepillarstosculpturalmodernistdomes(穹顶),theworkofBalkrishnaVithaldasDoshidefinedIndianarchitectureforthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.KnownasB.V.Doshi,hewasaversatilemodernistarchitect—hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndianInstituteofManagementinBangalore.Sadly,thegreatarchitectdiedonJanuary24,2023,attheageof95,leavingbehindafascinatinglegacy.BornonAugust26,1927,inPune,southeastofMumbai,Doshigrewupwithhisfatherandgrandfather,afurnituremaker.Asachildhecametoappreciatehowtheirhousegrewandchanged.In1947,shortlybeforeIndianindependence,hebeganarchitectureschool.However,heneverfinished,afactwhichhe’dlaterpointtoinlifeasanadvantage.HemarriedhiswifeKamalaParikhin1955.Whenshepassedaway,Doshilivedinahousehedesignedandnamedforhisbelovedwife.DoshiwasinfluencedbythefamousSwissFrencharchitectknownasLeCorbusier.DoshistudiedwithhiminParisandthenreturnedtoIndiatosupervisethearchitect’sworkinAhmedabad.In1956,DoshifoundedhisownfirmcalledVastushilpa.Hetraveledtheworldlecturingatuniversities,workedwithotherfamousarchitects,andevenfoundedtheCenterforEnvironmentalPlanningandTechnology(nowCEPTUniversity)focusingonunderstanding,designing,planning,constructingandmanaginghumanhabitats.“Wedidnotwanttoimitatesomeoneelse’sapproach,”hetoldtheLouisianaMuseumofModernArtin2018.“Wewantedtofindourownidentity.”HedrewfromhisprideinIndianculturetocreateastyledistinctfromWesterndesigns.“Ithinkofmybuildingsasmyfriends,myfamily,”hesaid.“Ihaveaconversationwiththem,andthat’showIcreatenichesandstaircasesandopeningsandgardens…mybuildingsarenotonlypureandclearbutdesignedtoanticipatechanges.Asidefromhismodernworks,Doshiwasdevotedtocreatingworkstobenefitthepoor.HedesignedtheAranyaLowCostHousingProjectinIndore.ThephotographerIwanBaan,whophotographedsomeofDoshi’sworks,describedtheartistas“themostapproachablearchitectIknow.Evenverypoorpeopleinhispublichousingprojectsknewhim,whichisexceptional.”4.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“versatile”inparagraph1?APopular. B.modestC.forwardlooking. D.wellrounded5.WhatdoweknowaboutDoshi’slife?A.Hehadamiserablechildhood.B.Heregrettedleavingschoolearly.C.Hemadeacontributiontohighereducationinarchitecture.D.HesetuphispanyundertheguidanceofLeCorbusier.6.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebyquotingDoshi’swords?AThepublicsupportforDoshi.B.TheoriginalityofDoshi’sworks.C.Doshi’sopenmindonchanges.D.Doshi’sloveofarchitecturaldesign.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TogiveabriefaccountofDoshi’slife.B.ToencouragepeopletovisitDoshi’sworks.C.TorememberIndia’sgreatarchitectDoshi.D.ToadvertiseDoshi’sarchitecturalphilosophy.CPFASarefoundinnonstickpans,waterprooffabricsandfoodpackaging.They’recalledforeverchemicalsbecauseoftheirabilitytostickaroundandnotbreakdown.Now,usingabitofheatandtworelativelymonpounds,researchershavedegraded(降解)thechemicalinthelab.WhilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimplewaysofbreakingdownselectPFAS,mostdegradationmethodsrequireharshprocessesusingintensepressure—insomecasesover22megapascals—orextremelyhightemperatures—sometimesupwardsof1,000℃—tobreakthechemicalbonds.WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstancesfoundinnearlyeverychemistrylab;sodiumhydroxide(氢氧化钠),alsoknownaslye,andasolvent(溶剂)calledDMSO.TheteamworkedspecificallyonagroupofforeverchemicalswhichcontainalargepercentageofPFAS.WhentheteambinedchemicalswiththelyeandDMSOat120℃andwithnoextrapressureneeded,thecarbolicacid(羧酸)felloffthechemicalsandbecamecarbondioxide.“Whathappenednextwasunexpected,”Dichtelsaid.Thelossoftheacidhelpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions(氟离子)andsmallercarboncontainingproducts,leavingbehindnoharmfulbyproducts.“It’saneatmethod;it’sdifferentfromothersthathavebeentried,”saysChrisSales,anenvironmentalengineeratDrexelUniversityinPhiladelphiawhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Thebiggestquestionishowthiscouldbeadaptedandscaledup.Understandingthismechanismisjustonestepinundoingforeverchemicals,”Salessaid.Thisprocesswouldn’tworktodealwithPFASintheenvironment,becauseitrequiresaconcentratedamountofthechemicals,butitcouldonedaybeusedinwastewatertreatmentplants,wherethepollutantscouldbefilteredoutofthewater,concentratedandthenbrokendown.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepreviouswaystobreakdownPFAS?A.They’reecofriendly. B.They’vebeenwidelyused.C.They’redifficulttooperate. D.They’reregardedasuseless.9.Whatdidtheteamdointheirexperiment?A.Theyexperimentedwithdifferentsolvents.B.Theytriedtwoverymonsubstances.C.Theytestedeverygroupofforeverchemicals,D.Theyexposedchemicalstoextremetemperatures.10.Whatmadetheresearchersmostsurprisedintheirexperiment?A.Environmentallyfriendlyreactionsoccurred.B.Thecarboxylicacidbecamecarbondioxide.C.Noextrapressurewasneededforthetrial.D.ThelyeandDMSOcouldworkat120℃,11.WhatcanweinferfromChrisSales’words?A.ItisdifficulttodealwithPFASintheenvironment.B.Thismechanismwillsoonbeusedintheenvironment.C.Themethodwillbeappliedtodifferentkindsofchemicals.D.Moreresearchisneededbeforethemethodiswidelyused.DTheideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it’sbeesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswellestablishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowparedtotheacceptednorm(标准),sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJulieParsonnet,MD,professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamoreindepthstudytoparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.Fortheirresearch,theStanfordteamlookedatthreedistinctdatasetsfromtwohistoricalperiods.Aftergoingthrough677,423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthatmenborninthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebodytemperatureof0.6℃lowerthanthatofthosebornintheearly19thcenturywhilemodernwomenshowedanaveragedecreaseof0.03℃paredtothoseborninthe1890s.Astowhythisishappening,theresearcherssaythatthemostlikelymechanismisareductioninthehumanmetabolicrate(代谢率)duetoenvironmentalfactors:Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎症),whichpromotemetabolism.Thisbinedwithpeoplelivingmorefortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.”Theenvironmentthatwe’relivinginhaschanged,includingthetemperatureinourhomes,ourcontactwithmicroorganisms(微生物)andthefoodthatwehaveaccessto.Allthesethingsmeanthatalthoughweconsiderhumanbeingsasthesameforallofhumanevolution,we’renotthesame.We’reactuallychangingphysiologically,”Parsonnetsaid.12.WhatisCarlReinholdAugustWunderlich’sachievement?A.Hesetupstandardsforhumanhealthservices.B.Hepredictedtrendsinhumanbodytemperature.C.Hefirstusedbodytemperatureasahealthindicator.D.Heproposedthestandardhumanbodytemperature.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStanfordteam’sstudy?A.Itshowswomenhavealowerbodytemperaturethanmen.B.Itproveshumanbodytemperaturehasdroppedatafasterrate.C.Itparedhistoricalandcurrenthumanbodytemperaturedata.D.Itsuggestedupdatingthedefinitionoftheaveragebodytemperature.14.Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature?A.Theimprovedlivingconditions.B.Thecontactwithothercreatures.C.Thedeclineinphysicallydemandingwork.D.Theadaptationofhumanstoclimatechange.15.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatexactlyisnormalhumanbodytemperature?B.Whydoeshumanbodytemperatureneedmeasuring?C.HumanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyearsD.Humanbodytemperaturechangeswiththeenvironment第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Bornin1961,Snoussi,aFrenchman,firstcametoChinain1983.Atthattime,hewasalawstudentatAixenProvenceUniversityandacpaniedhisfatheronabusinesstriptoChina.____16____InMarch2006,SnoussimovedtoNingbotohelphisfatherwhohadsetuphisexportbusiness.Afterlivingthereformorethansevenyears,SnoussirealizedthatwhathemissedmostwasatraditionalFrenchbakery.“____17____,whichmadeChinese,Korean,orEuropeanstylebread,butwecouldn’tfindthatspecificFrenchtaste.Itwasunlikeourdailybread,becauseinmyhomecountry,breadisabitlikericeinChina,”heexplained.InJune2013,Snoussiopenedanauthentic(正宗的)FrenchbakeryinNingbo.Thoughhehadnobakingexperience,hequicklylearnedtheropesfromaFrenchbaker.____18____.WhatmakesMonEpoqueuniqueisitsauthenticFrenchidentity,whichguaranteesagenuineFrenchtasteeveryday.“WeareoneofthefewFrenchbakeriesinChinathatdirectlyimportsflourfromFrance,producedintheCognacregionfromFrenchwheat.____19____.Thesearethetwomostimportantingredientsinbaking.Thisallowsustoguaranteethesametasteandqualitydayin,dayout.Wepayattentiontothequalityandthetasteofourproductssothatourpatronscanexperiencethesamefeelingeveryday,”hesaid.____20____.In2008,hedonatedover30,000yuan($4,300)toWenchuaninSichuanProvince.InNingbo,hedonatedTshirtsforstudentswithdisabilitiesandgavescholarshipstooutstandingstudentsataschool.Forseveralyears,hesponsored(赞助)thePinkRibbonCampaignorganizedbyateamofforeignwomentoraiseawarenessaboutbreastcancer.Healsosponsoredactivitiestoencouragemorepeopletolookafterstraydogs.A.ThisFrenchbakerwasfamousforhisuniquebakeryB.SnoussiiskeenonsocialactivitiesinNingboC.ThebutterusedisalsoimportedfromFranceD.SnoussienjoyshelpingpeopleinneedE.ThisvisitwasacultureshockforhimF.HenamedhisbrandMonEpoqueG.WehadgoodbakeriesinNingbo第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。DuringmystayattheUniversityofMichigan,oneoftheseniorprofessorsaskedmetojoinaseminaroncultureandemotion.Inageneral____21____ofselfintroductions,Iintroducedmyselfina(n)____22____Dutchwayasoneofthosewhoare“interestedincultureandemotion”.Theprofessorsupplemented(补充)myselfintroductionto____23____Americanstandards,sayingIwasoneoftheworld’sexpertsonthe____24____.Inresponse,Ilookeddownin____25____,andthoughtthat“expert”wasabigword.WhenIlivedinNorthCarolina,mynewfriendscameoverto____26____.Conversationswerefullofinterestandenergy,andtherewasalotof____27____.Attheendoftheevening,whenmyguestsleft,theythankedmeforthedinner.Myheart____28____,becauseIwasbornandraisedintheNetherlands,where“thankingfordinner”meanstherelationshipis____29____.Emotionsaredifferentenoughtofeeloutof____30____whenyoumovefromoneculturetoanother.TheprofessorattheUniversityofMichiganmeanttomakemefeel____31____,butinsteadmademeunfortable.Myfriendsmeanttoshow____32____,buttheymademethinktheyweredistancingthemselvesfromme.Wethinkaboutemotionsasfeelingsdeepinsideus,butin____33____,ouremotionshappenininteractionswithothers.Inmyownculture,itwashardtoobservethe____34____emotionsofothers,butIwasabletoseethemwhenImovedtotheUS—adifferent____35____fromwhereIwasraised.21.A.analysis B.state C.letter D.round22.A.understated B.interesting C.dramatic D.proud23.A.set B.fit C.evaluate D.remend24.A.approach B.situation C.topic D.course25.A.curiosity B.pity C.disappointment D.embarrassment26.A.play B.dine C.work D.perform27.A.support B.noise C.fun D.arguing28.A.sank B.melted C.raced D.opened29.A.harmonious B.normal C.strong D.distant30.A.date B.shape C.place D.sight31.A.reliable B.good C.serious D.careful32.A.gratitude B.respect C.admiration D.affection33.A.total B.advance C.detail D.reality34.A.unbelievable B.pure C.invisible D.powerful35.A.level B.culture C.standard D.value第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。3Dbioprintinginsidethehumanbodycouldbepossiblethankstoanewsoftrobot.Thedevicefeatures____36____printingheaddirectlymountedontothetipofasoftroboticarm.Thisprintinghead,____37____consistsofsoftartificialmusclesthatallowittomoveinthreedirections,worksvery____38____(similar)toconventionaldesktop3Dprinters.Thesoftroboticarmcanbendandtwistandcanbemadeatanylength____39____(require).Theprintingnozzle(喷嘴)canbeprogrammedtoprintperdeterminedshapes,oroperatedmanually.____40____addition,aresearchteamusedamachinelearningbasedcontrollerwhichcanaidtheprintingprocess.Theteam____41____(explain)howthedevicecouldpotentiallybeusedasanallinonesurgicaltooltoperformarangeof____42____(function).Theysaidthiscouldbeespeciallyimportantinsurgery____43____(remove)certaincancers.Theabilitytocarryoutsuchmultifunctionalprocedures____44____(demonstrate)onapig’sintestine(肠)lastmonthandtheresearcherssaytheresultsshowthatthedeviceisa____45____(promise)candidateforthefuturedevelopmentofanallinoneendoscopicsurgicaltool.Thenextstageofdevelopmentforthesystemisinvivo(活体的)testingonlivinganimalstodemonstrateitspracticaluse.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，你校将在本周六上午邀请著名宇航员MrYang来作一场报告。请根据下面要点提示，给喜欢太空探索的留学生朋友Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加。要点如下：1.写邮件的目的；2.报告简介；3.你的期待。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearChris,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。TheannualHalloweenarrived,duringwhichkidsdressedintraditionalclotheswenttoneighbors’housestoaskforcandy.Allisonlivedinasmalltown.Thatdayafterdinner,Allisonputonherdressherfatherhadjustboughtforher.Thedresswascheapandsecondhandbecauseherfamilywaspoor.ButAllisonstillthankedherdadandsaid,“Everyonewilllovemydress!”Then,sheleftforneighbors’housestoaskforcandy.Ontheway,shecameacrossAnnaandherfriendsandwantedtojointhem.“No!Lookatyourdress!It’sugly!”Annasaid.H