2024届高考英语阅读理解专练（含解析）

阅读理解专练（一）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A

FouroftheWashingtonMonuments

(纪念碑)

intheU.S.Baltimore,MarylandThismonumentwasdesignedin1815byAmericanarchitectRobertMills,whowouldlatergoontodesignWashington,D.C.'smonument.Constructionbeganthatsameyearandwascompletedby1829.Themonument,anextremelylargelandmarkcolumn,stands178feetand8incheshighwith227stepsinsidethatleadtothestructure'sbalcony.Climbtothetopandyou'llgetanimpressiveviewofCharmCity.NewYork,NewYorkAmonumenttoGeorgeWashingtoncanbefoundinNewYorkCity'sUnionSquarePark.Thatsculpture,whichshowsaseatedWashingtonwithhisrightarmoutraised,istheoldestsculptureinthecollectionofNewYorkCityparks.MoneyedcitizensofNewYorkstartedtryingtogetasculpturetothefirstpresidentbuiltin1851,commissioning(委托)sculptorHenryKirkeBrown,whoalsodidasculptureofAbrahamLincolnforProspectParkinBrooklyn.Thestatuewassetupintheparkin1856.Philadelphia,PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia'sWashingtonMonument,whichshowsWashingtononahorseatopasculptedfountain,wascompletedin1897.ThemonumentreflectshowlocalpeoplewantedWashington'slegacytobeunderstoodatthetime:Onthetoptier(层)sitsWashingtonridingahorse,whilethenexttierincludesfiguresduringhistime,includingaNativeAmericanman.ThebottomtiershowsplantsandanimalsfromthecountrythatWashingtonhelpedcreate.Milwaukee,WisconsinThismonument,builtin1885,standsnearMarquetteUniversity.ItfeaturesastandingWashington,aged43,dressedasaContinentalArmyofficerholdingasword.LikePhiladelphia'smonument,thefiguresbelowWashingtonaresymbolic.Inthiscase,awomanandachildlookupathim,symbolizing“historyoreducation”.1.WherecanvisitorsseetheoldestWashingtonMonument?A.InBaltimore.

B.InNewYork.C.InPhiladelphia.

D.InMilwaukee.2.WhatdoweknowaboutBrown?A.Hewasknownforhishorsesculptures.B.HeworkedinMarylandbetween1815and1829.C.HewasoneoftheearlyProspectParkdesigners.D.HemadesculpturesofbothWashingtonandLincoln.3.WhatisspecialaboutPhiladelphia'sWashingtonMonument?A.Itconsistsofthreelevelswithdifferentfeatures.B.ItwasapreciousgiftfromMarquetteUniversity.C.ItwasdesignedbyAmericanarchitectRobertMills.D.Itstands178feetand8incheshighwith227stepsinside.BFordecades,FrederickBantingandCharlesBestwerebelievedtohavecontributedtothediscoveryofinsulin(

胰岛素)between1921and1922attheUniversityofToronto(UofT).In1923,theuniversitycreatedtheBantingandBestChairofMedicalResearch,followedbytheBantingandBestDepartmentofMedicalResearchandtheBantingInstitute(1930)and,in1954,theBestInstitute.However,the1923NobelPrizeinMedicinewasawardedjointlytoBantingandJohnJ.R.Macleod.Thephysiologyprofessor,whoheadedupthelaboratorywheretheresearchtookplace,hadbeenmuchmoreinvolvedintheresearchthanwaslateracknowledged.AfterlearningthatMacleodwashonouredalongsidehimratherthanBest,BantingsharedhisprizemoneywithBest.Macleod,meanwhile,splithisshareoftheprizewiththefourthmemberoftheteam,J.BertramCollip,ayoungbiochemistfromtheUniversityofAlberta.Collip'sessentialcontributionwasproducingapurifiedpancreaticextract(

胰腺提取物),whichwasadministeredonJan.23,1922,toLeonardThompson,a14-year-oldpatientatTorontoGeneralHospital.Thatshotwasthefirstsuccessfulhumantrialofinsulin.MuchoftheearlyresearchoninsulintookplaceintheoldmedicalschoolbuildingatUofT.Openedin1903,itfeaturedstate-of-the-arttechnology,includingfacilitiesforanimalresearch.ButBanting,awar-timesurgeon,lecturerandmedicalresearcher,wasunimpressed.Whenhearrivedin1921,theoperatingroomhadlainunusedforyearsandneededathoroughcleaningtomakeitusable.Locatedjustbelowthebuilding'sroof,italsobecameunbearablyhotduringthesummer.Earlylaboratorytestingtookplacerightthere.In1982,MichaelBliss,ahistoryprofessoratUofT,restoredMacleodandColliptotheirrightfulplaceasco-discoverersofinsulin.In1990,anewplaque(牌匾)acknowledgingthecooperationwasputupoutsideUofT'scurrentmedicalsciencesbuilding.4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutUofT?A.Itwasestablishedalmost100yearsago.B.Itwitnessedanimportantadvanceinmedicine.C.ItdevelopedrapidlythankstoBantingandBest.D.IthadclosecooperationwithTorontoGeneralHospital.5.WhatmightbeThompson'sattitudetowardsCollip?A.Tolerant.

B.Doubtful.

C.Grateful.

D.Sympathetic.6.WhatprobablymadeBantingunimpressedbyUofT'smedicalschool?A.Unexperiencedteammates.

B.Tiringandendlesstasks.C.Thepoorworkingenvironment.D.Theunreasonablesalary.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.The1923NobelPrizeinMedicine.B.Thetruthbehindthediscoveryofinsulin.C.ThelonghistoryofUofTanditsinfluence.D.Thedeepfriendshipamongseveralscientists.CAnewstudyinvolvingtheChinesemountaincatoftheTibetanPlateauhasdeterminedthatthistypeofwildcatdidnotgiverisetoaseparatelineage(血统)ofdomesticatedcatsinAsia,assomeresearchershadsupposed,reportsDavidGrimmfor

Science.ThefindingsupportstheconclusionsofpreviousresearchthatsuggestedallmoderndomesticatedcatsoriginatedfromtheAfricanwildcat,asubspeciesofwildcatthatappearstohavefirstbeendomesticatedintheMiddleEastaround6,400yearsago.Thenewstudy,publishedlastweekinthejournal

ScienceAdvances,collectedandsequencedthegenetic(基因的)materialof27Chinesemountaincats,239ChinesedomesticcatsandfourAsiaticwildcats.TheChinesemountaincatissorareandhardtofindthattheresearchers'samplesallhadtocomefrommuseumspecimens(样本),roadkillandzooanimals,reportsJaimeChambersfor

ScienceNews.ThecuriosityastowhethertheChinesemountaincatmighthavecontributedgenestoatleastsomepopulationsofmoderndomesticcatscomespartlyfromthedeep5,

300-yearhistorybetweenhumansandcatsinChinaandpartlybecausetheChinesemountaincathadneverbeenincludedinpastcomparativegeneticstudies,accordingto

ScienceNews.ThegeneticresultssuggestthattheChinesemountaincatisasubspeciesofwildcatratherthanitsownseparatespecies.ThiscouldhaveanegativeimpactontheconservationoftheChinesemountaincat,whichislistedas“vulnerable(易危)”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)andisestimatedtohaveaglobalpopulationoffewerthan10,

000individuals.PertheIUCN,thecat'spopulationisindecline,largelyduetohabitatloss,poisoningandillegalhuntingforitscoat.WhilethereremainsalotofargumentoverhowexactlytoclassifytheChinesemountaincat,JimSanderson,awildlifeecologistwiththeconservationorganizationRe:wild,hasarguedfortheChinesemountaincattobedeclareditsownspecies.“Thebeliefisthatifit'snotaseparatespecies,nobodycares.We'relivinginanageofextinction,”Sandersontells

Science.“TheChinesemountaincatdeserveseverybitasmuchattentionasthepanda.”8.Inwhichwayisthenewstudydifferentfrompreviousones?A.Thetimeithastakenismuchlongerthanbefore.B.Mostoftheresearchers'samplesarefromzooanimals.C.MoreChinesedomesticcatsandwildcatsareincluded.D.TheChinesemountaincatisinvolvedingenetictesting.9.WhatistheproblemwiththeChinesemountaincat?A.Itislikelytodieoutinthenearfuture.B.ItisbeingcaughtandsenttoAfrica.C.Itisdamagingthelocalecosystem.D.Itisnowathreattodomesticcats.10.WhydoesSandersontendtotreattheChinesemountaincatasaseparatespecies?A.Todistinguishitfromtheothercats.B.Toendtheargumentoveritsclassification.C.TodrawmoretouriststotheTibetanPlateau.D.Toraisepublicawarenessaboutitsprotection.11.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tomakethetruefactsofcertaincatsclear.B.Toidentifycatspeciesfromaroundtheworld.C.Toexplorethehistorybetweenhumansandcats.D.ToreportanewstudyoncatsintheMiddleEast.DAskanarthistorianabout15th-centuryItalianartandthey'llprobablybringupSandroBotticelli's

Primavera,LeonardodaVinci's

LastSupper

ortheearlycareerworksofMichelangelo.Meanwhile,assessmentsoftheFlorentinesculptorDonatellooftenpaleincomparisonwithpraiseofhissuperstarcontemporaries.Donatellodeservesbetter,arguesanambitiousnewexhibition.OnviewthroughJuly31attwomuseumsinFlorence,Italy,“Donatello:TheRenaissance”triestoplacethesculptoratthecenteroftheera,writesreporterElisabettaPovoledofor

TheNewYorkTimes.“Thisisanextremelyunusualexhibit,sinceDonatelloisafatheroftheRenaissance,”DonatelloscholarFrancescoCagliotitells

TheTimes.ArturoGalansino,directorofthePalazzoStrozzi,takestheargumentonestepfurther,telling

TheWallStreetJournal'sJ.S.MarcusthattheexhibitionidentifiesDonatelloas“theinventoroftheRenaissance.”Donatello'smasterpieceswerepairedwithworksbyFilippoBrunelleschi,GiovanniBellini,MichelangeloandRaphaeltoshowcasehissignificantimpactongenerationsofItalianartists.“Someexhibitionsareonceinalifetime,butthisshowisthefirsttimeinhistory,”saidGalansinoearlierthismonth.WhilesomepeoplethinkofMichelangelo'smarble(

大

理

石)

David

(1501-1504)asanincomparablework,Donatelloactuallysculptedoneofthestatue'skeyinspirations:abronze(

青

铜)

David.Createdbetween1435and1450,likelyfortheMedicifamily,thesculpturewasconceived(

构

思)independentlyofanyarchitecturalsurroundings.Scholars,therefore,considerDonatello's

David

thefirstofsuchastyleinRenaissancehistory.Besides,Donatello's

Madonna

influencedsimilarworksbyItalianBaroquepainterArtemisiaGentileschi.JustasDonatellohasbeenrelativelyoverlookedinfavorofhiscontemporaries,GentileschiandahandfulofotherRenaissancewomenartistsarejuststartingto

gettheirdue

—atrendevidencedbyarecentexhibitionattheDetroitInstituteofArts.“Donatello:TheRenaissance”followstheartist'slifeandwork,movingthroughhisearlyyearsinhisnativecityandalong-termresidencyinPadua.Bytheendofhislife,Donatello'sworkwasprimarilyfinancedbythepowerfulMedicifamily.12.Whatdoesthenewexhibitionintendtodo?A.RestressLeonardodaVinci'sachievements.B.RetellthestoriesofartistsintheRenaissance.C.RediscoverItalianartinthecontemporarycontext.D.RethinkthekeyroleDonatelloplayedinhistime.13.WhatdoesGalansinosayabouttheexhibition?A.Itishistoricallysignificant.B.Ithasmetwithlotsofcriticism.C.Itismoreinclusivethanothers.D.Ithaspresentedacompletelynewartform.14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthebronze

David?A.ItdisappointedtheMedicifamily.B.Itwasacopyofthemarble

David.C.Itwascreatedtwohundredyearsago.D.ItinspiredMichelangelotosomeextent.15.Whichofthefollowingcanreplace“gettheirdue”underlinedinparagraph5?A.Fallintodisfavor.

B.Receiverecognition.C.Reshapetheirstyles.

D.Sufferdiscrimination.参考答案

1-5ADABC

6-10CBDAD11-15ADADB

部分解析A篇主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化本文是应用文。文章简要介绍了美国不同地区的四座华盛顿纪念碑。1.A。理解具体信息。根据Baltimore,Maryland部分中的Thismonumentwasdesignedin1815...andwascompletedby1829,

NewYork,NewYork部分中的in1851...wassetupintheparkin1856，Philadelphia,Pennsylvania部分中的in1897以及Milwaukee,Wisconsin部分中的in1885可知，位于巴尔的摩的华盛顿纪念碑是历史最悠久的。注：CharmCity意为“魅力之城”，是巴尔的摩的别称。2.D。理解具体信息。根据NewYork,NewYork部分中的MoneyedcitizensofNewYorkstartedtryingtogetasculpturetothefirstpresidentbuiltin1851,commissioningsculptorHenryKirkeBrown,whoalsodidasculptureofAbrahamLincoln可知，Brown负责制作了乔治·华盛顿和亚伯拉罕·林肯两位总统的雕塑。注：①NewYork,NewYork中的前者指NewYorkCity，后者指NewYorkState；②moneyed在此作形容词，意为“富有的”。3.A。理解具体信息。根据Philadelphia,Pennsylvania部分中的OnthetoptiersitsWashingtonridingahorse,whilethenexttierincludesfiguresduringhistime,includingaNativeAmericanman.ThebottomtiershowsplantsandanimalsfromthecountrythatWashingtonhelpedcreate可知，位于费城的华盛顿纪念碑，其设计由上而下分为三个层次且各具特色。B篇主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了胰岛素的真正发现者并非只有Banting和Best。4.B。理解具体信息。根据第一段中的Fordecades,FrederickBantingandCharlesBestwerebelievedtohavecontributedtothediscoveryofinsulinbetween1921and1922attheUniversityofToronto可知，多伦多大学见证了医学的一大进步——胰岛素的发现。5.C。理解观点、态度。根据第二段中的Collip'sessentialcontributionwasproducingapurifiedpancreaticextract,whichwasadministeredonJan.23,1922,toLeonardThompson,a14-year-oldpatientatTorontoGeneralHospital.Thatshotwasthefirstsuccessfulhumantrialofinsulin可知，此次试验非常成功，所以Thompson应该是非常感激Collip。6.C。推断。根据第三段中的Whenhearrivedin1921,theoperatingroomhadlainunusedforyearsandneededathoroughcleaningtomakeitusable.Locatedjustbelowthebuilding'sroof,italsobecameunbearablyhotduringthesummer可知，Banting当时没有心动的原因可能是因为工作环境太差。7.B。理解主旨要义。根据第一段中的Fordecades,FrederickBantingandCharlesBestwerebelievedtohavecontributedtothediscoveryofinsulin和最后一段中的In1982,MichaelBliss...restoredMacleodandColliptotheirrightfulplaceasco-discoverersofinsulin可知，本文主要揭示了发现胰岛素的真相。C篇主题语境：人与自然——自然生态本文是说明文。研究表明：中国山猫并非独立物种，而是野猫的一种。8.D。理解具体信息。根据第二段中的Thenewstudy...collectedandsequencedthegeneticmaterialof27Chinesemountaincats和第三段中的theChinesemountaincathadneverbeenincludedinpastcomparativegeneticstudies可知，过去的基因对比研究从未涉及中国山猫，而这项新的研究则收集了27只中国山猫的基因序列。9.A。理解具体信息。根据倒数第二段中的aglobalpopulationoffewerthan10,

000individuals和thecat'spopulationisindecline,largelyduetohabitatloss,poisoningandillegalhuntingforitscoat可知，中国山猫在不久的将来可能