2022-2023学年安徽省滁州市高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1安徽省滁州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThetraditionalChinesesolarcalendardividesayearinto24solarterms.TheSpringEquinox(春分),asthefourthtermoftheyear,startsonMarch21andendsonApril4thisyear.TheSpringEquinoxsignalstheequallengthofthedayandnighttime.Aftertheequinox,thesunmovesnorthwards,resultingingraduallylongerdaytimeintheNorthernpartandlongernightintheSouthernpart.HerearethingsyoumaynotknowabouttheSpringEquinox.SwallowsflyingnorthTheancientChinesepeopledividedthefifteendaysoftheSpringEquinoxintothree“hou’s”orfive-dayparts.Astheoldsayinggoes,swallowsflybacktotheNorthinthefirsthou.Itissaidthatduringthisperiod,thunderandlightningfrequentlyoccur.Egg-standinggamesStandinganegguprightisapopulargameacrossthecountryduringtheSpringEquinox.Itisanoldcustomthatdatesbackto4,000yearsago.Peoplepracticethistraditiontocelebratethecomingofspring.Itisbelievedthatifsomeonecanmakeaneggstand,hewillhavegoodluckinthefuture.FlyingkitesSpringEquinoxisagoodtimetoflykites.Inancienttimes,peopledidnothavegoodmedicalresources.So,toprayforhealth,theywrotetheirmedicalissuesonpaperkite.Whenthekitewasintheair,peoplewouldcutoffthestringtoletthepaperkitefloataway,symbolizingtheflyingawayofdiseases.EatingspringvegetablesEatingspringvegetablesduringtheSpringEquinoxisacommonlypracticedcustominmanyregionsofChina.TheancientteachingsintheChineseclassic,HuangdiNeijing,suggestthatpeopleeatseasonalfoodstohelppreservehealthandbringgoodluck.TheSpringEquinoxisatimeofcelebrationandreflection,wherepeoplerecognizethechangingoftheseasonsandembracenewbeginnings.1.WhatisthemaincharacteristicoftheSpringEquinox?A.Flyingkites. B.Eatingspringvegetables.C.Thesunmovingnorthwards. D.Equallengthofdayandnight.2.WhydopeopleplayeggstandinggamesandflykitesduringtheSpringEquinox?A.Tokeepfit. B.Tomakefriends.C.Tocelebrateasolarterm. D.Togainmedicaltreatment.3.Whichofthefollowingisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toteachushowtoplaysomegames. B.Totellushowtokeepabalanceddiet.C.TointroduceatraditionalChineseculture. D.Torecommendsomeactivitiestopreventdiseases.〖答案〗1.D2.C3.C【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了春分的有关知识。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“TheSpringEquinoxsignalstheequallengthofthedayandnighttime.”（春分标志着白天和黑夜的长度相等。）可知，在春分日，白天和黑夜的长度相等。故选D。【2题详析】推理判断题。根据“Egg-standinggames”部分中“Peoplepracticethistraditiontocelebratethecomingofspring.Itisbelievedthatifsomeonecanmakeaneggstand,hewillhavegoodluckinthefuture.”（人们用这个传统来庆祝春天的到来。人们相信，如果有人能把鸡蛋立起来，他将来就会有好运气。）“Flyingkites”部分中“So,toprayforhealth,theywrotetheirmedicalissuesonpaperkite.Whenthekitewasintheair,peoplewouldcutoffthestringtoletthepaperkitefloataway,symbolizingtheflyingawayofdiseases.”（因此，为了祈求健康，他们把自己的健康问题写在纸风筝上。当风筝在空中时，人们会剪断风筝的线，让纸风筝飘走，象征着疾病的飞走。）可知，在春分这个节气，人们通过玩“鸡蛋站起来”的游戏，象征着人们会有好运气；而“放风筝”的游戏，预示着风筝会带走疾病，给人们送来健康。因此，两个游戏都有着其各自的寓意，但共同点都是在春分这个节气的庆祝的方式。故选C。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“HerearethingsyoumaynotknowabouttheSpringEquinox.”（以下是一些你可能不知道的关于春分的事情。）可知，本文主要介绍了中国传统24节气中的和春分相关的一些知识，即介绍中国的传统文化。故选C。BEarlyeachmorning,LiuHuangpingcarefullyplacesbeehivesaroundhishouse,preparingtowelcomehistinyguestswithspacestonest.“It’saboutthetimehoneybeesusuallyarrive,andwe’llharvesttheirhoneyinAugust,”saidthe50-year-oldfromGangbeivillageinJiangxiprovince,whohasbeenkeepingbeesfornearly20years.“Onlyaboutfivehouseholdsusedtokeepbees,butthesizableandstableincomefrombeekeepinghasdrawnmorevillagersintothebusiness,”hesaid.In2015,agroupwassetuptotrainvillagersinbeekeepingandhelpthemsellhoney.“Weteachthemmodernbeekeepingtechniquestoincreaseproductionandprovidethemwithregularsaleschannels.Villagershavealmostnotroubleselling,”saidWuZhulin,PartybranchsecretaryofGangbei.Thesweetbusinessofbeekeepinghasmadevillagerswealthy,andin2017,Gangbeiwasofficiallyliftedoutofpoverty.In2021,Liuwasinvitedtojoinalocalcompanyspecializinginculturaltourism.Hewasputinchargeofpromotingagriculturalproducethroughtourism.Withakeenunderstandingoftheirhoney,Liuemphasizesbrandingandpackaging,evencreatingapromotionalvideo.AStateCouncilExecutivemeetinginMarchmadeeffortstoadvanceruralvitalization(乡村振兴)acrosstheboard,fosterruralindustrieswithlocalcharacteristics,andcreatemorechannelsforincreasingruralincomes.Tobroadenthemarketabilityofwildhoneyproducedinthisremotevillage,thegovernmentofJing’ancountyinvitede-commercecompaniestoGangbeitopromotehoneyproductsthroughonlinebroadcasting.Thecounty’sAgricultureandRuralAffairsBureauhasalsoplayedanimportantrolebyprovidingtrainingsessionsandencouragingvillagerstoparticipateinlocalindustries.TheharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumanandnatureisevidentinthesweettransformationofGangbei,wherethehumofbusybeessignifiesaprosperousfuture.4.WhendidLiuHuangpingstartkeepingbees?A.Inhis20s. B.Inhis30s. C.Inhis40s. D.Inhis50s.5.WhatcausedtheincreaseinbeekeepersinGangbeivillage?A.Modernbeekeepingtechniques. B.High-qualitywildhoneyproduction.C.Availabilityofregularsaleschannels. D.Sizableandstableincomefrombeekeeping.6.WhatdoesLiuHuangpingactasinthelocalcompany?A.Achiefbeekeeper. B.Atourismdirector.C.Ahoneybrandingexpert. D.Anagriculturalproducepromoter.7.Howdoesthee-commercecompaniesinvitedcontributetoruraldevelopment?A.Byprovidingtrainingsessionsforvillagers.B.Byexpandingthemarketabilityofwildhoney.C.BypromotingculturaltourisminGangbeivillage.D.Byencouragingvillagerstoengageinbeekeeping.〖答案〗4.B5.D6.D7.B【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了江西省岗北村的村民通过养蜂发家致富及政府是如何为村民提供帮助的。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句““It’saboutthetimehoneybeesusuallyarrive,andwe’llharvesttheirhoneyinAugust,”saidthe50-year-oldfromGangbeivillageinJiangxiprovince,whohasbeenkeepingbeesfornearly20years.(“这大约是蜜蜂通常到达的时间，我们将在8月收获它们的蜂蜜，”这位来自江西省岗北村的50岁老人说，他已经养蜂近20年了)”可知，刘煌平50岁时已经养蜂近20年了。由此可知，刘煌平是30多岁开始养蜂的。故选B项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句““Onlyaboutfivehouseholdsusedtokeepbees,butthesizableandstableincomefrombeekeepinghasdrawnmorevillagersintothebusiness,”hesaid.(“过去只有大约五户家庭养蜂，但养蜂带来的可观而稳定的收入吸引了更多的村民从事这项业务，”他说)”可知，养蜂带来的可观而稳定的收入吸引了更多的村民从事这项业务。由此可知，岗北村养蜂人增加的原因是养蜂收入可观且稳定。故选D项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“In2021,Liuwasinvitedtojoinalocalcompanyspecializinginculturaltourism.Hewasputinchargeofpromotingagriculturalproducethroughtourism.(2021年，刘受邀加入当地一家专门从事文化旅游的公司。他被任命负责通过旅游业推广农产品)”可知，刘在当地一家专门从事文化旅游的公司负责通过旅游业推广农产品。由此可知，刘煌平在当地公司作为农产品推广人。故选D项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“Tobroadenthemarketabilityofwildhoneyproducedinthisremotevillage,thegovernmentofJing’ancountyinvitede-commercecompaniestoGangbeitopromotehoneyproductsthroughonlinebroadcasting.(为了扩大这个偏远村庄生产的野生蜂蜜的市场性，静安县政府邀请电子商务公司到岗北，通过网络广播推广蜂蜜产品)”可知，静安县政府邀请电子商务公司到岗北，通过网络广播推广蜂蜜产品，扩大野生蜂蜜的市场。由此推知，受邀的电子商务公司通过扩大野生蜂蜜的市场销售为农村发展做出贡献。故选B项。CAIiseverywherethesedays,andthehumblebabystroller(推车)industryisnoexception.CanadianstrollermakerGlüxkindissettounveiltheworld’smostadvancedAI-poweredbabystroller.TheGlüxkindEllaisatechnologicalwondercomparedtomostotherbabystrollers.Callingitastrollersoundsabitunfair,consideringthatit’smoreofahigh-techproductthatcanindependentlyrockyourbabytosleep,assisttheuseronuphillanddownhillslopes,andconstantlymonitorsurroundingsviaaseriesofsensorsandcameras,amongmanyotherimpressivefunctions.Itmaylooklikearegularstrolleratfirstsight,butEllaisactuallyasmallbattery-poweredvehiclewithartificialintelligence.TheGlüxkindEllaoffersadaptivepushandbrakeassistance,whichtacklesuphillanddownhillslopeseasily,evenwhenthestroller’sbottomdrawerisfullofgroceries.Thestroller’sself-drivingcapabilitiesallowittotravelwithoutbeingdriven,whiletheparentorcaretakerinteractswiththebaby.Itusesasuiteofonboard360-degreesensorstodetectandfollowthesidewalkandavoidobstacleswhileremainingwithinarm’sreachoftheuserbydetectingtheproximityofhissmartphone.Athree-hourbatterychargeisreportedlyenoughforaboutsixhoursofuse.TheGlüxkindEllacanbepairedwithAndroidandApplesmartphonesandcanbemonitoredviaGPS,soyoucankeeptrackofitswhereaboutsatalltimes.IfthemostadvancedAIpoweredstrollersoundslikeadreamtocometrue,you’llonlyhavetowaitafewmoremonthstoownone.“WithGlüxkind’sElla,weaimtomakeparentingeasier,startingwiththekeypieceofparentingequipment,thebabystroller.AtGlüxkind,webelieveinempoweringourfamilieswithsafe,convenient,andseamlessproducts,”GlüxkindCEOKevinHuangsaid.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unveil”meaninparagraph1?A.Reserve B.Reflect C.Release D.Recommend9.Whatdoyouknowaboutthehumblebabystroller?A.Itisaregularstroller. B.Itispoweredbybatteries.C.Itcangouphillanddownhillbyitself. D.Itmonitorsthesurroundingsbysmartphones.10.Whatistheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthehumblebabystroller?A.Objective B.Positive C.Disapproving D.Indifferent11.WhymaythefamiliesbewillingtoownanElla?A.Safeandconvenient B.GentleandquietC.Advancedandintelligent D.Impressiveandhumble〖答案〗8.C9.B10.A11.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。加拿大婴儿车制造商Glüxkind将推出世界上最先进的人工智能婴儿车。【8题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“theworld’smostadvancedAI-poweredbabystroller.(世界上最先进的人工智能婴儿车)”可推理出划线词的含义为“发布”，故选C项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Ellaisactuallyasmallbattery-poweredvehiclewithartificialintelligence.(埃拉实际上是一款小型的电池驱动的人工智能汽车)”可知，这款婴儿车由电池驱动，故选B项。【10题详析】推理判断题。加拿大婴儿车制造商Glüxkind将推出世界上最先进的人工智能婴儿车。短文介绍了人工智能婴儿车的工作原理以及一些人对他的态度。所以作者在客观介绍，并未发表观点，所以对这款婴儿车的态度是客观的，故选A项。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“webelieveinempoweringourfamilieswithsafe,convenient,andseamlessproducts(我们相信为我们的家庭提供安全、方便和无缝的产品)”可知，这款婴儿车安全、方便，故选A项。DWaterpollutioncausedbythecoalindustryisacriticalissuethatrequiresurgentattention.Accordingtoareportbyenvironmentalandcleanwatergroups,coalplantsaretheprimarysourceoftoxic(有毒的)waterpollutionintheUnitedStates.Nearly70%of274coalplantshavenolimitsontoxicmaterials,suchasAs2O3andPb,andtheyweredumpeddirectlyintowaterways.Overone-thirdoftheseplantshavenorequirementstomonitororreportdischargesofthesetoxicmaterialstogovernmentagenciesorthepublic.Furthermore,thereportrevealsthat71coalplantsdischargetoxicwaterpollutionintowaterwaysthathavealreadybeendeclareddamagedduetopoorwaterquality.Almosthalfofthe386coalplantssurveyedoperatewithoutCleanWaterActpermits,and53ofthemhavepermitsthatwentoutofdatefiveormoreyearsago.Theseresultsareduetothelackofanystrictstandardslimitingtoxicpollutionfromcoalplants.Coal-firedpowerplantsarethemainsourceoftoxicwaterpollutionintheUnitedStates,accountingformorethanhalfofalltoxicwaterpollution.Thehumanhealthimpactsfromthispollutionareserious.TheEPAestimatesthatnearly140,000peopleperyearexperienceincreasedcancerriskduetoAs2O3infishfromcoalplants.Thereportindicatesthatalmost13,000childrenundertheageofseveneachyearhavereducedIQsbecauseofPbinfishtheyeat,andalmost2,000childrenarebornwithlowerIQsbecauseoftoxicfishtheirmothershaveeaten.Fortunately,theEPAproposedthefirstevernationalstandardstolimittoxicsdumpedintowaterwaysfromcoalplantsinApril2013.AccordingtotheEPA,thesestandardsshouldreducepollutionbymorethan5billionpoundsayear.ThereportsuggeststhattheEPA’snewcoalplantwaterpollutionstandardswillnotonlycleanupourwaterbutwillalsosavelives.Affordablewastewatertreatmenttechnologiesexisttopreventtoxicdischargesandarealreadyinuseatsomeplants.Itistimeforthecoalindustrytoberesponsibleforthedamageitiscausing,andforthegovernmenttosetstricterstandardstoprotecttheenvironmentandpublichealth.WiththeproposedEPAstandards,thereishopeforacleanerfuture.Byholdingthecoalindustryresponsible,wecanmakesignificantstepsinprotectingourwaterwaysandensuringthatfuturegenerationshaveaccesstocleanandsafewater.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Over100coalplantshavelimitsontoxicmaterials.B.MostcoalplantsoperatewithCleanWaterActpermits.C.Abouthalfof274coalplantsmonitorthetoxicmaterials.D.Strictstandardslimitingtoxicpollutionareurgentlyrequired.13.Whichisthemainissueaffectinghumanhealthaccordingtothepassage?A.OutdatedCleanWaterActpermits.B.Consumptionofpollutedfishbyhumans.C.AirpollutioncausedbyCoal-firedpowerplants.D.Notadvancedwastewatertreatmenttechnologies.14.WhichwordcanbestdescribethenewwaterpollutionstandardsinParagraph4?A.Significant. B.Ineffective.C.Alternative. D.Meaningless.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Lackofstrictstandardstolimittoxicpollution.B.Serioushealthproblemsaffectedbycoalplants.C.Urgentjointeffortstodealwithwaterpollutioncausedbycoalplants.D.ImportanceofaffordablewastewatertreatmenttechnologiesintheUnitedStates.〖答案〗12.D13.B14.A15.C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了煤炭行业的在发展的同时，造成了有毒水污染，进而影响到人们的健康。因此对于煤炭行业的水污染问题，实施新的水污染标准，迫切需要共同的努力来解决。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Accordingtoareportbyenvironmentalandcleanwatergroups,coalplantsaretheprimarysourceoftoxic(有毒的)waterpollutionintheUnitedStates.Nearly70%of274coalplantshavenolimitsontoxicmaterials,suchasAs2O3andPb,andtheyweredumpeddirectlyintowaterways.Overone-thirdoftheseplantshavenorequirementstomonitororreportdischargesofthesetoxicmaterialstogovernmentagenciesorthepublic.”（根据环境和清洁水组织的一份报告，燃煤电厂是美国有毒水污染的主要来源。274家燃煤电厂中，近70%对有毒物质(如三氧化二砷和铅)没有限制，直接排放到水道中。超过三分之一的工厂没有要求监测或向政府机构或公众报告这些有毒物质的排放）第二段“Furthermore,thereportrevealsthat71coalplantsdischargetoxicwaterpollutionintowaterwaysthathavealreadybeendeclareddamagedduetopoorwaterquality.Almosthalfofthe386coalplantssurveyedoperatewithoutCleanWaterActpermits,and53ofthemhavepermitsthatwentoutofdatefiveormoreyearsago.Theseresultsareduetothelackofanystrictstandardslimitingtoxicpollutionfromcoalplants.”（此外，报告还显示，71家煤电厂将有毒的水污染排放到因水质差而已被宣布受损的水道中。在接受调查的386家煤电厂中，几乎有一半没有获得《清洁水法》(CleanWaterAct)的许可，其中53家的许可证在五年或更早以前就过期了。这些结果是由于缺乏严格的标准来限制燃煤电厂的有毒污染）可知，通过研究报告中提到的数据和结果发现，水污染现象是严重的。而造成这种结果是源于缺乏严格的标准来限制燃煤电厂的有毒污染。可推知，用严格的标准来限制有毒污染是迫切需要的。故选D。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Coal-firedpowerplantsarethemainsourceoftoxicwaterpollutionintheUnitedStates,accountingformorethanhalfofalltoxicwaterpollution.Thehumanhealthimpactsfromthispollutionareserious.TheEPAestimatesthatnearly140,000peopleperyearexperienceincreasedcancerriskduetoAs2O3infishfromcoalplants.Thereportindicatesthatalmost13,000childrenundertheageofseveneachyearhavereducedIQsbecauseofPbinfishtheyeat,andalmost2,000childrenarebornwithlowerIQsbecauseoftoxicfishtheirmothershaveeaten.”（燃煤电厂是美国有毒水污染的主要来源，占所有有毒水污染的一半以上。这种污染对人类健康的影响是严重的。美国环保署估计，每年有近14万人因煤电厂鱼类中的三氧化二砷而患癌症的风险增加。报告指出，每年有近13000名7岁以下儿童因食用含铅鱼类而导致智商下降，近2000名儿童因其母亲食用有毒鱼类而出生智商较低）可知，有毒水污染使得生于其中的鱼类中的三氧化二砷增加，进而增加了因食用该鱼类的人们的患癌症的风险，这对人类健康的影响是严重的，故选B。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“AccordingtotheEPA,thesestandardsshouldreducepollutionbymorethan5billionpoundsayear.ThereportsuggeststhattheEPA’snewcoalplantwaterpollutionstandardswillnotonlycleanupourwaterbutwillalsosavelives.”（根据美国环境保护署的说法，这些标准每年将减少超过50亿磅的污染。报告指出，环保署新的燃煤电厂水污染标准不仅能净化我们的水源，还能拯救生命）可知，环保署新的燃煤电厂水污染标准不仅能净化我们的水源，还能拯救生命。可推知，新的水污染标准的执行是重要的。故选A。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章在前两段通过研究报告中的数据和结果说明，水污染现象在美国是严重的。而造成这种结果是源于缺乏严格的标准来限制燃煤电厂的有毒污染。因此用严格的标准来限制有毒污染是迫切需要的。第三段说明了水污染对人们的严重影响是源于人们食用了污染过的鱼类，第四段介绍了新的水污染标准的执行是重要的。第五段中“WiththeproposedEPAstandards,thereishopeforacleanerfuture.Byholdingthecoalindustryresponsible,wecanmakesignificantstepsinprotectingourwaterwaysandensuringthatfuturegenerationshaveaccesstocleanandsafewater.”（有了美国环保署提出的标准，一个更清洁的未来就有了希望。通过让煤炭行业承担责任，我们可以在保护我们的水道和确保子孙后代能够获得清洁和安全的水方面迈出重要的步伐）则表明实施水污染的标准可以带来的重要意义。因此全文主要表述了对于煤炭行业的水污染问题，迫切需要共同的努力来解决。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Earthquakesareadeadlyandunpredictablethreatworldwide,asprovedbyrecentcatastrophiceventsinTurkeyandSyria.Unlikeothernaturaldisasters,earthquakesaredifficulttodetectandoftencomewithlittlewarning,makingthemchallengingtopreparefor.However,knowingbestpracticesforearthquakepreparednesscanhelpreducepotentialharm.____16____.Drop,coverandhold.Makesureyouknowwhattodowhenanearthquakestrikes.____17____,drop,takecoverunderastablepieceoffurniture,andholdon.You’resafeundersomethinglikeadeskortable,withonearmholdingontoalegofthetableandyourotherarmprotectingyourneckandhead.____18____.Let’ssaythere’sanearthquakeinthemiddleofthenightandyourhouseisdamaged.“Whereareyougoingtogo?”saysAlyssaProvencio,aprofessorwhoteachesemergencyanddisastermanagement.Createameetingpoint—somewhereeasyforeveryoneinyourhouseholdtorememberunderstress,likethepostofficenearyourhouse.Whateverplanyoudecideon,don’trelyonyourphoneasyourmainformofcommunication,becausetechnologyfailsallthetimeindisasters.Makedigitalcopiesofimportantdocuments.____19____.They’renotsomethingpeopleremembertograbinadisaster.Scanortakephotosofyourimportantdocuments,suchasyourlicense,financialrecords,insurancepolicyinformationandevenalistofmedicalprescriptions,andstoretheminthecloud.Thiscanhelpensureyourdocumentswillbeavailableevenifyourcomputerorharddriveislostinaquake.Stockup(囤积)onwaterandothersupplies.Accesstowaterduringanearthquakeshouldbeaguarantee.____20____.Ifyoulivealone,thatmeansyouneedatotalofthreegallonsstoredinyourhome.Thesamegoesforfood.Storeatleast72hours’worthoffoodforeveryoneinyourfamily,likecannedfoodorpowerbars.Byfollowingthesestepsandbeingprepared,individualsandfamiliescanincreasetheirchancesofstayingsafeduringandafteranearthquake.A.MakeafamilyplanB.IfyoufeelthegroundshakingC.YourphonescanbeusedtomakedigitalcopiesD.Storeatleastonegallonofwaterperpersonfor72hoursE.ImportantdocumentsmaygetdestroyedduringanearthquakeF.HereareseveralstepsyoucantaketoprepareyourselfinadvanceG.Theamountofwatertobereserveddependsonyourfamilymembers〖答案〗16.F17.B18.A19.E20.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章列举了四项地震前应做的准备事项。【16题详析】根据上文“However,knowingbestpracticesforearthquakepreparednesscanhelpreducepotentialharm.”（然而，了解地震防备的最佳做法可以帮助减少潜在的危害。）可知，做好地震防备可以帮助减少其带来的潜在危害。下文的黑体字所列举的策略，可知，空处应起承上启下的作用，表示下面是一些实用的策略。选项F.“以下是你可以提前做好准备的几个步骤。”起到承上启下的作用，符合逻辑，故选F。【17题详析】根据上文“Makesureyouknowwhattodowhenanearthquakestrikes.”（确保你知道地震来袭时该怎么做。）提到了地震来袭时要确保自己知道怎么做。下文“drop,takecoverunderastablepieceoffurniture,andholdon.”（趴下，躲在一件稳定的家具下面，坚持住。）提到了应对地震的具体做法。可推知，空处的内容应该和地震侵袭有关。选项B.“如果你感到地震摇晃”，提到了地震来临时的情形，引出下文，故选B。【18题详析】根据下文“Let’ssaythere’sanearthquakeinthemiddleofthenightandyourhouseisdamaged.”（假设在半夜发生了地震，你的房子被毁了。）举出具体的地震袭击的事例。“Whateverplanyoudecideon,don’trelyonyourphoneasyourmainformofcommunication,becausetechnologyfailsallthetimeindisasters.”（无论你决定什么计划，都不要把手机作为你主要的通讯方式，因为技术在灾难中总是失灵的。）提到应对灾难时，要有计划，该计划中不应该把手机作为主要的通讯方式。因此作为段落的中心句，应该和制定应付灾难的计划有关。选项A.“制定家庭计划”，选项中“plan”和下文的“plan”相呼应，符合题意，故选A。【19题详析】根据下文“Scanortakephotosofyourimportantdocuments,suchasyourlicense,financialrecords,insurancepolicyinformationandevenalistofmedicalprescriptions,andstoretheminthecloud.”（扫描或拍摄你的重要文件，比如你的执照、财务记录、保险单信息，甚至是一份医疗处方清单，并将它们存储在云端。）提到了对重要的文件要做备份，这样可以应对丢失或毁坏带来的风险。所以空处的内容应该对下文起引领作用，讲述这样做的原因。选项E.“重要文件可能在地震中被毁。”引领下文，符合题意，故选E。【20题详析】根据本段标题“Stockup(囤积)onwaterandothersupplies.”（储备水和其他物资）说明防范地震需要准备一些物资。上文“Accesstowaterduringanearthquakeshouldbeaguarantee.”（在地震期间获得水应该是一个保证。）提到了存水的作用。因此空处应承接前文，讲述存水的具体要求。选项D.“储存至少72小时每人一加仑的水。”提到了具体的存水的要求，符合题意，下文“Ifyoulivealone,thatmeansyouneedatotalofthreegallonsstoredinyourhome.(如果你一个人住，这意味着你需要在家里储存三加仑。)”。故选D。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Afive-month-oldbartailedgodwitrecentlybroketherecordforlong-distancemigrationafterflying13,560kilometersnon-stopoveraperiodof11days.Everyautumn,millionsofmigratorybirdstaketothe____21____foralongandexhaustingjourneyto____22____thecomingcold,feedandbreedforthenextfewmonths.Manyofthem____23____impressivedistancesofover10,000kilometers,butthisyear,onesmallbirdwas____24____allexpectationsregardinglong-distanceflying,travelingabig13,560kilometerswithoutstopping.Anditwasallbecauseofanunusualroundaboutwaythatcouldhave____25____thebirditslife,consideringthatthenon-stopjourneypushedits____26____capacitytothelimit.Lastmonth,theyoungbar-tailedgodwit____27____fromAlaskatoNewZealand,butsomehow,atonepointduringits____28____journey,thesmallbirdtookalittleroundaboutwaythataddedanextra500kilometerstoitsoriginalroute.Thatseemslikeasmalldistancetocover,consideringthatthenormal____29____wouldhaveseenitflyaround13,000kilometers,butit’sactuallyasignificantdifferencethatcouldhavehaddeadly____30____.Scientistswereableto____31____thegodwit’srecordflightwiththehelpofatinytrackerthatonlyweighed5grams.Technologicaladvancementshaveallowedresearcherstotracksuchsmallspeciesofbirdswithout____32____them,asaddinganykindofsignificantweighttoacreaturethatweighsonlybetween300and400gramscouldputitslifeindanger.Dr.Woehlerestimatesthatthebirdlost“halformoreofitsbody____33____”duringthe11-daycontinuousflight,but____34____ittodrylandsafely.Interestingly,scientistshaven’tyetunderstood____35____birdslikethebar-tailedgodwitareabletonavigatesuchlargedistanceswithoutstoppingandwithoutgettinglost.21.A.ground B.forest C.sky D.mountain22.A.challenge B.bear C.escape D.enjoy23.A.add B.cover C.measure D.calculate24.A.within B.under C.for D.beyond25.A.costed B.saved C.offered D.changed26.A.recognition B.flight C.defense D.management27.A.putoff B.turnedoff C.showedoff D.tookoff28.A.tiring B.exciting C.smooth D.short29.A.gesture B.route C.sight D.dream30.A.thoughts B.strengths C.consequences D.diseases31.A.track B.create C.break D.bring32.A.decorating B.endangering C.protecting D.preserving33.A.water B.muscle C.weight D.size34.A.made B.managed C.took D.appreciated35.A.when B.where C.whether D.how〖答案〗21.C22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.D28.A29.B30.C31.A32.B33.C34.A35.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一只5个月大的斑尾鹬最近打破了长距离迁徙的纪录，它在11天内不间断飞行了13560公里。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年秋天，数以百万计的候鸟飞向天空，进行一次漫长而疲惫的旅行，以躲避即将到来的寒冷，在接下来的几个月里觅食和繁殖。A.ground地面；B.forest森林；C.sky天空；D.mountain山脉。根据后文“foralongandexhaustingjourney”指候鸟飞上天开始迁徙。故选C。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年秋天，数以百万计的候鸟飞向天空，进行一次漫长而疲惫的旅行，以避开即将到来的寒冷，在接下来的几个月里觅食和繁殖。A.challenge挑战；B.bear忍受；C.escape避开；D.enjoy欣赏。根据后文“thecomingcold”可知，候鸟迁徙是为了避开寒冷。故选C。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中许多鸟的飞行距离超过1万公里，令人印象深刻，但今年，一只小鸟在长途飞行方面超出了所有人的预期，连续飞行了13560公里。A.add增加；B.cover覆盖，走过；C.measure测量；D.calculate计算。根据后文“impressivedistancesofover10,000kilometers”指飞过多远的路，应用动词cover。故选B。【24题详析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：其中许多鸟的飞行距离超过1万公里，令人印象深刻，但今年，一只小鸟在长途飞行方面超出了所有人的预期，连续飞行了13560公里。A.within在里面；B.under在下面；C.for为了；D.beyond超过。根据后文“allexpectations”指超出了所有人的预期，应用介词beyond。故选D。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：考虑到不间断的飞行将其飞行能力推向了极限，这一切都是因为一种不寻常的迂回方式可能会让这只鸟付出生命的代价。A.costed花费、以……为代价；B.saved拯救；C.offered提议；D.changed改变。根据后文“thebirditslife”指这只鸟付出生命的代价，应用动词cost。故选A。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到不间断的飞行将其飞行能力推向了极限，这一切都是因为一种不寻常的迂回方式可能会让这只鸟付出生命的代价。A.recognition识别；B.flight飞行；C.defense防御；D.management管理。根据后文“capacitytothelimit”此处指鸟的飞行能力。故选B。【27题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：上个月，这只小斑尾鹬从阿拉斯加飞往新西兰，但不知怎么的，在疲惫的旅程中，这只小鸟走了一条迂回的路，在原来的路线上多走了500公里。A.putoff推迟；B.turnedoff关闭；C.showedoff炫耀；D.tookoff起飞。根据后文“fromAlaskatoNewZealand”可知，这只年轻的斑尾鹬从阿拉斯加飞往新西兰，故选D。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：上个月，这只小斑尾鹬从阿拉斯加飞往新西兰，但不知怎么的，在疲惫的旅程中，这只小鸟走了一条迂回的路，在原来的路线上多走了500公里。A.tiring累人的；B.exciting令人激动的；C.smooth顺利的；D.short短的。对应上文“alongandexhaustingjourney”指疲惫的旅程。故选A。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到它的正常飞行路线大约是13000公里，这似乎是一个很小的距离，但实际上这是一个可能造成致命后果的显著差异。A.gesture手势；B.route路线；C.sight视力；D.dream梦想。根据后文“wouldhaveseenitflyaround13,000kilometers”可知，它的正常飞行路线大约是13000公里。故选B。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到它的正常飞行路线大约是13000公里，这似乎是一个很小的距离，但实际上这是一个可能造成致命后果的显著差异。A.thoughts想法；B.strengths力量；C.consequences结果；D.diseases疾病。根据上文提到让小鸟付出了生命的代价，可知此处指这是一个可能造成致命后果的显著差异。故选C。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家们借助一个只有5克重的小追踪器追踪了这只鸟的飞行记录。A.track追踪；B.create创造；C.break打破；D.bring带来。根据后文“withthehelpofatinytracker”指通过追踪器追踪鸟的飞行记录。故选A。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：技术的进步使研究人员能够在不危及它们的情况下追踪这种小型鸟类，因为对这种体重只有300到400克的生物来说，增加任何一种明显的重量都可能使其生命处于危险之中。A.decorating装饰；B.endangering危及；C.protecting保护；D.preserving保留。根据后文“asaddinganykindofsignificantweighttoacreaturethatweighsonlybetween300and400gramscouldputitslifeindanger”可知，对于这种体重只有300到400克的生物来说，增加任何一种明显的重量都可能使其生命处于危险之中。故选B。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：维勒博士估计，在11天的连续飞行中，这只鸟失去了“一半或更多的体重”，但最终安全着陆。A.water水；B.muscle肌肉；C.weight重量；D.size尺寸。根据后文“duringthe11-daycontinuousflight”以及常识，迁徙中，鸟持续飞行会消耗大量的能量，导致体重减少。故选C。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：维勒博士估计，在11天的连续飞行中，这只鸟失去了“一半或更多的体重”，但最终安全着陆。A.made制作、成功；B.managed管理；C.took带走；D.appreciated欣赏。根据后文“ittodrylandsafely”指成功着陆，应用makeit。故选A。【35题详析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，科学家们还不明白像斑尾鹬这样的鸟类是如何在这么远的距离不停下来也不迷路的。A.when何时；B.where在哪里；C.whether是否；D.how如何。引导宾语从句，从句中表示“如何”应用how。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。22yearsoldWangChuyanavloggerbasedinSeattle,theUnitedStates,iscreatinganewtrend:mixing