2022-2023学年山东省淄博市高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省淄博市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AUsethelibrary—BorrowingTheLibraryisforeveryoneinouruniversitycommunity.Pleaseuseourphysicalitemsfairlyandreturnbookswhenothersneedthem.Howtoborrow●YouwillalwaysneedyourUcardtoborrowanitem.●Thereareself-servicemachinesatalllibraries.Numberofitems●Undergraduatesandtaughtpostgraduatescanborrow40items.●Staffandresearchpostgraduatescanborrow75items.Loanperiod●Standarditemsarecurrentlyguaranteedfor7days.●Somespecialistitemswillhavedifferentloanperiods.Tofindaspecialistitem’sloanperiod,checktheindividualpageofthelibrarythatholdstheitem.Automaticrenewal●Ifnoonereservestheitem,itwillautomaticallyrenewandyouwillhaveitforanotherguaranteedloanperiod.●Itemswillnotautomaticallyrenewifyouraccountisblocked.Unabletoreturnanitem●Ifyouwillnotbeabletoreturnabookintime,youmustcontactthelibrary.●Ifyoudonotreturnanitemwhenitisreserved,thebookwillbecomeoverdueandyouraccountwillbeblocked.●Ifanitemisnotreturnedandhasbeenoverdueforover2weeks,youwillbechargedafullreplacementcost.Anyitemstakenoutwithyourlibrarycardareyourresponsibility.Donotlendthemtoothers.DuringuniversityvacationsDuringuniversityvacationperiods,theretumdatewillbeextendedonmostitems.Youwillbeabletokeeptheseitemsuntiltheendofthevacation,evenifitisreserved.Notallitemsareavailableforvacationloan.AlwaysuseMyLibraryAccounttochecktheretumdatesofitemsyouarecurrentlyborrowing.Ifyouneedabookthatisonvacationloan,contactyourSubjectLibrarian.1.Whatisthelongestloanperiodifabookisnotreserved?A.7days. B.10days. C.14days. D.30days.2.Inwhichcasewillalibraryaccountbeblocked?A.Youfailtorenewthebookintime. B.Youlendtheborrowedbooktoothers.C.Theborrowedbookisoverduewhenreserved. D.Theborrowedbookiskeptover2weeks，3.Whatdoweknowaboutholidayborrowing?A.Librariansareunavailable. B.Allitemsarenotallowedforloan.C.Thereturndatewillbepostponedinnocase. D.Reservedbooksshouldbereturnedasscheduled.〖答案〗1.C2.C3.B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了图书馆使用时的相关注意事项。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章Loanperiod部分中的“●Standarditemsarecurrentlyguaranteedfor7days.(标准书籍目前可借阅7天)”、再根据“Automaticrenewal”部分中的“Ifnoonereservestheitem,itwillautomaticallyrenewandyouwillhaveitforanotherguaranteedloanperiod.(如果没有人续借，书将自动续借，你将有另一个借阅期)”可知，如果书籍没有被续借，你最长可借阅7+7=14天。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章Unabletoreturnanitem部分中的“Ifyoudonotreturnanitemwhenitisreserved,thebookwillbecomeoverdueandyouraccountwillbeblocked.(书被预定时如果您还未归还，书将过期，您的帐户将被冻结)”可知，借阅的书籍如果在预定时间还未归还，那么您的账户会被冻结。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据文章Duringuniversityvacations部分中的“Notallitemsareavailableforvacationloan.(并不是所有的书籍都可以假期借阅)”可知，并不是所有的书籍都可以假期借阅。故选B。BWhenJoshWarrenfirstaskedmetoguideatBoston4yearsago,Iofcoursesaidyes.Butshortlyafteragreeing,IalsobecamethemostnervousandanxiousI’dbeeninalongtime.I’dneverguidedbefore,letalonemetapersonwhowasblind.Ifeltdoomed(注定)tofailfromthestart,butallchangedonceImetDavidKuhn,arunnerwhowasinneedofasightedguideforBoston.IshouldletyouknowthatwhenI’mnervousIoftenhaveaseverecaseofwordvomitandI’vebeenknowntoasksomeoddballquestionsnowandagain.Inapreviouslife,Ishouldhavebeenanewsreporter.Thatbeingsaid,Davidwasinforsomeinterestingcompanyononeofthehardestmarathoncoursesoutthere.Fastforwardtoracemorningandwe’repackedtight,waitingtostarttheBostonMarathon.IsoonrealizedDavidandIshareamutualloveofchocolate,especiallypeanutbuttercups.Iusedittomyadvantagealongthecourseandanytimeitseemedwemightfallbehindabit,Idescribedhowtherewouldbepeanutbutterchocolateheavenatthefinishlineifwekeptrunning.ReadingthesignsaswepassedbyWellesleycollegewasafavoritemomentofmine.Davidcrackedupatalloftheposters,thestudentswerecreative,writingthingslike“It’shot,butsoareyou”!Itriedtoreadoffthedirtiestsignstokeepthelaughtergoing.Afriendofminementionedshewouldbeonthecoursearoundmile20andaskedifwewantedanything.WhenIaskedDavid,heimmediatelycheeredupandsaid“FigNewtons”!Sowhenmile20rolledaround,David’spacepickedupandwascrazyabouthisbagofFigNewtons!Lookingbackonthose3racesIranwithDavidalwaysputsasmileonmyface.Bostonisatoughcourse,andifyouaddontheunpredictableBostonweather,itcanmakeforachallengingday.RunningtheracewithDavidmakes26.2milesseemlikea5kilometersfunrun,withlotsofpleasureandagrinfromeartoear.Ilookforwardtoournextrunandwillbesuretobringplentyofchocolate!4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“wordvomit”inParagraph2mean?A.Beingsensitive. B.Beingacceptable.C.Beingjoky. D.Beingtalkative.5.WhywastheauthorinvitedtoguideDavid?A.Heisafuncompanion. B.Heisanexceptionalrunner.C.Heloveschocolateasmuch. D.Helikestoreaddirtyroadsigns.6.Whatroledoeschocolateplayintherace?A.Supplyingenergy. B.Providingnutrition.C.Servingasaprize. D.Boostingspirits.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Regretfulandunconfident. B.Outgoingandpassionate.C.Hotheadedandanxious. D.Funnyandodd.〖答案〗4.D5.A6.D7.B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己受邀给盲人运动员David做比赛引导的故事，虽然一开始非常紧张焦虑，但是作者在比赛途中与David非常合拍，一路充满了笑声和欢乐。【4题详析】短语猜测题。根据第二段中“IshouldletyouknowthatwhenI’mnervousIoftenhaveaseverecaseofwordvomitandI’vebeenknowntoasksomeoddballquestionsnowandagain.Inapreviouslife,Ishouldhavebeenanewsreporter.(我应该让你知道，当我紧张的时候，我经常会有严重的wordvomit而且我还会时不时地问一些奇怪的问题。前世，我应该是一名新闻记者)”可知，作者紧张的时候会反复问奇怪的问题，甚至夸张到可以当新闻记者。由此推知，作者这时话非常多，wordvomit意思应该是“健谈的”。故选D项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thatbeingsaid,Davidwasinforsomeinterestingcompanyononeofthehardestmarathoncoursesoutthere.(话虽如此，David在最艰难的马拉松赛道上遇到了一些有趣的陪伴)”可知，作者被邀请来引导David是因为他是一个有趣的同伴。故选A项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Iusedittomyadvantagealongthecourseandanytimeitseemedwemightfallbehindabit,Idescribedhowtherewouldbepeanutbutterchocolateheavenatthefinishlineifwekeptrunning.(我在比赛过程中充分利用了这一点，每当我们似乎有点落后时，我就会描述如果我们继续跑下去，终点线会是花生酱巧克力的天堂)”可知，作者利用David和自己对花生酱巧克力的共同喜爱，在落后的时候不断进行鼓励。因此，巧克力在这场比赛中发挥了提振精神的作用。故选D项。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在给David做引导的过程中，一直非常健谈，不断用巧克力激励彼此一直跑下去，在经过韦尔斯利学院的时候，给David阅读指示牌，带来笑声和欢乐。由此推知，作者是一个外向热情的人。故选B项。CSmallmammalswillhaveahardtimesurvivingthestressorsassociatedwithclimatechange,accordingtoanewstudyfromtheUniversityofSouthernDenmark.Theexpertsfoundthatlarge,long-livedanimalsarebetterabletocopewithextremeweathersuchaslong-timedroughtandheavyrainfall.Theresearchersanalyzedhistoricalpopulationvariationsamong157mammalspeciesfromaroundtheworld.Thesefluctuations(波动)werecomparedwithweatherandclimatedatefromthesametimeperiod.Theresultsareprovidingnewinsightintohowanimalsrespondtoextremeweather.Inparticular,theexpertshaveidentifiedwhichanimalpopulationswillbethehardesthitbyclimatechange.“Wecanseeaclearpattern:Animalsthatlivealongtimeandhavefewoffspringarelessvulnerable(脆弱的)whenextremeweatherhitsthananimalsthatliveforashorttimeandhavemanyoffspring,”saidstudyProfessorOwen.Largeanimalsthatlivelongercancopebetterwithanextremeeventsuchasapersistentdroughtbecausetheseanimalshavetheoptiontowaituntilconditionsimprovetoreproduce.Thesameweathereventwouldaffectsmallmammalsdifferently,asfoodsourceslikeinsects,flowers,andfruitswoulddisappearquickly.Ontheotherhand,populationsofsmallmammalsmayalsotakeadvantagewhenweatherconditionsimprovebyproducingmanyoffspring.“Thesesmallmammalsreactquicklytoextremeweather,anditgoesbothways.Theirweaknesstoextremeweathershouldthereforenotbeequated(等同)withariskofextinction.Ouranalysishelpspredicthowdifferentanimalspeciesmightrespondtofutureclimatechangebasedontheirgeneralcharacteristics.”saidstudyco-authorJackson.Heemphasizedthattheabilityofanimalstoendureclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorfortheirextinction.Habitatdestruction,pollution,poachingandinvasivespeciesarefactorsthatthreatenmanyanimalspecies—inmanycasesevenmorethanclimatechange,”headded.8.Whatcontributestocertainsmallmammals’survivalinextremeweather?A.Theirnaturallifespan. B.Theirhighreproductiveability.C.Theiruniquebodytemperature. D.Theirsmallappetiteforfood.9.Whataffectsanimals’survivalpossibilityinextremeweatheraccordingtoparagraph4?A.Foodsources. B.Hightemperatures. C.Birthrates. D.Ages.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Manyfactorsinfluencetheanimalscharacteristics.B.Climatechangeisnotafactorforthespecies’extinction.C.Theanimals’survivalabilitywillimproveinthefuture.D.Ecologyprotectionisthekeytosavingspeciesfromextinction.11.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.WhatInfluencesAnimals’BirthRate?B.WhatWillAnimalsDoinExtremeWeather?C.WhichAnimalsAreMortAffectedbyExtremeWeather?D.HowDoestheClimateChangeInfluenceWeakAnimas?〖答案〗8.B9.A10.D11.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，根据南丹麦大学的一项新研究，小型哺乳动物将很难在与气候变化相关的压力源中生存。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Ontheotherhand,populationsofsmallmammalsmayalsotakeadvantagewhenweatherconditionsimprovebyproducingmanyoffspring.(另一方面，小型哺乳动物种群也可能利用天气条件改善的机会繁殖许多后代。)”可知，在极端气候下，小型哺乳动物也可能利用天气条件改善的机会繁殖许多后代从而幸存下来。由此可推断，能让小型哺乳动物在极端气候下幸存下来的原因是其强大的繁殖能力。故选B。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Largeanimalsthatlivelongercancopebetterwithanextremeeventsuchasapersistentdroughtbecausetheseanimalshavetheoptiontowaituntilconditionsimprovetoreproduce.Thesameweathereventwouldaffectsmallmammalsdifferently,asfoodsourceslikeinsects,flowers,andfruitswoulddisappearquickly.(寿命较长的大型动物可以更好地应对极端事件，如持续干旱，因为这些动物可以选择等到条件改善再繁殖。同样的天气事件会对小型哺乳动物产生不同的影响，因为昆虫、鲜花和水果等食物来源会迅速消失。)可推断，食物来源可能影响动物在极端天气下的生存可能性。故选A。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Heemphasizedthattheabilityofanimalstoendureclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorfortheirextinction.“Habitatdestruction,pollution,poachingandinvasivespeciesarefactorsthatthreatenmanyanimalspecies—inmanycasesevenmorethanclimatechange,”headded.(他补充道，“栖息地破坏、污染、偷猎和入侵物种是威胁许多动物物种的因素，在许多情况下甚至比气候变化更严重。”)可知，保护生态是拯救物种免于灭绝的关键。故选D。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Theresearchersanalyzedhistoricalpopulationvariationsamong157mammalspeciesfromaroundtheworld.Thesefluctuations(波动)werecomparedwithweatherandclimatedatefromthesametimeperiod.Theresultsareprovidingnewinsightintohowanimalsrespondtoextremeweather.Inparticular,theexpertshaveidentifiedwhichanimalpopulationswillbethehardesthitbyclimatechange.(研究人员分析了世界各地157种哺乳动物的历史种群变化。这些波动与同一时期的天气和气候数据进行了比较。研究结果为研究动物如何应对极端天气提供了新的视角。特别是，专家们已经确定了哪些动物种群将受到气候变化的最严重打击。)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员经过研究分析，最终确定哪些动物种群将受到气候变化的最严重打击。故选C。DAIisamachine’sabilitytoperformthecognitive(认知的)functionsweassociatewithhumanminds,suchasreasoning,learning,interactingwithanenvironment,problemsolving,andevenexercisingcreativity.You’veprobablyinteractedwithAIevenifyoudidn’trealizeit—voiceassistantslikeSiriandAlexaarefoundedonAItechnology,asaresomecustomerservicechatbotsthatpopuptoaidyoutoexplorewebsites.Byusingartificialintelligence,companieshavethepotentialtomakebusinessmoreefficientandprofitable.Butultimately,thevalueofartificialintelligenceisn’tinthesystemsthemselvesbutinhowcompaniesusethosesystemstoassisthumans—andtheirabilitytoexplainwhatthosesystemsdo—inawaythatbuildsandearnstrust.Sincetheyaresonew,wehaveyettoseethelong-taileffectofAImodels.Thismeanstherearesomerisksinvolvedinusingthem—someknownandsomeunknown.TheoutputsAImodelsproducemayoftensoundextremelyconvincing.Thisisbydesign.Butsometimestheinformationtheygenerateisjustplainwrong.Worse,sometimesit’sbiased,becauseit’sbuiltonthegender,racial,andvariousotherlimitationsoftheinternetandsocietymoregenerally.Anditcanevenbeoperatedtoenableimmoralorcriminalactivity.Theseriskscanbereduced,however,inafewways.Forone,it’scrucialtocarefullyselecttheinitialdatausedtotarinthesemodelstoavoidincludingtoxic(中毒的)orincorrectcontent.Next,ratherthanoperatinganoff-the-shelfgenerative-AImodel,organizationscouldconsiderusingsmaller,specializedmodels.Organizationswithmoreresourcescouldalsocustomizeageneralmodelbasedontheirowndatatofittheirneedsandminimizeshortcoming.Organizationsshouldalsokeepahumanintheprocess—makesurearealhumancheckstheoutputofagenerative-AImodelbeforeitispublishedorused,andavoidusinggenerative-AImodelsforcriticaldecisions,suchasthoseinvolvingsignificantresourcesorhumanwelfare.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutAIfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Itsvalueliesinitspracticalapplicationbyfirms.B.Itperformsthesameabilitieshumansown.C.It’salwaysbeingusedwhenwesurfthewebsites.D.Ithasbeenwidelyusedbyprofitablecompanies.13.Whatdoesunderlinedword“biased”inparagraph4mean?A.Unclear. B.Unimportant. C.Unreliable. D.Unusual.14.WhoaremostlyresponsibleforreducingtheriskswhenusingAI?A.Producesandpersonalusers.B.Developersandoperatingfirms.C.Personalusersanddatacollectors.D.Operatingcompaniesandpersonalusers.15.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.ToanalyzetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofAI.B.ToleadcompaniestoimproveefficiencywithAI.C.TointroduceAIandwaystoovercometheirlimitations.D.TotellcustomershowtooperateAIcorrectlyandprecisely.〖答案〗12.A13.C14.B15.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能的相关内容以及其可能带来的风险，并就如何降低风险给出一定建议。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Byusingartificialintelligence,companieshavethepotentialtomakebusinessmoreefficientandprofitable.Butultimately,thevalueofartificialintelligenceisn’tinthesystemsthemselvesbutinhowcompaniesusethosesystemstoassisthumans—andtheirabilitytoexplainwhatthosesystemsdo—inawaythatbuildsandearnstrust.(通过使用人工智能，公司有可能提高业务效率和盈利能力。但最终，人工智能的价值不在于系统本身，而在于公司如何使用这些系统来帮助人类——以及他们解释这些系统做什么的能力——以一种建立和赢得信任的方式)”可知，人工智能的价值在于公司如何使用这些系统来帮助人类。故选A。【13题详析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“becauseit’sbuiltonthegender,racial,andvariousotherlimitationsoftheinternetandsocietymoregenerally.(因为它是建立在性别、种族和更为普遍地建立在其他各种限制的互联网和社会中)”可知，人工智能有时是带有偏见的。因此划线单词的意思和“有偏见、不可靠的”相近。选项A“Unclear(不清楚的)”；选项B“Unimportant(不重要的)”；选项C“Unreliable(不可靠的)”；选项D“Unusual(不同寻常的)”。故选C。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Theseriskscanbereduced,however,inafewways.Forone,it’scrucialtocarefullyselecttheinitialdatausedtotarinthesemodelstoavoidincludingtoxic(中毒的)orincorrectcontent.Next,ratherthanoperatinganoff-the-shelfgenerative-AImodel,organizationscouldconsiderusingsmaller,specializedmodels.Organizationswithmoreresourcescouldalsocustomizeageneralmodelbasedontheirowndatatofittheirneedsandminimizeshortcoming.(然而，这些风险可以通过几种方式降低。首先，仔细选择用于这些模型的初始数据以避免包含有毒或不正确的内容是至关重要的。接下来，与其使用现成的生成人工智能模型，组织可以考虑使用更小、更专业的模型。拥有更多资源的组织也可以根据他们自己的数据定制通用模型，以满足他们的需求并最小化缺点)”可知，文章认为人工智能的风险可以通过两种方式降低，第一是仔细选择用于这些模型的初始数据，这是由开放商来筛选；第二是可以考虑使用更小、更专业的模型，这是由运营公司来操作的。故选B。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“AIisamachine’sabilitytoperformthecognitive(认知的)functionsweassociatewithhumanminds,suchasreasoning,learning,interactingwithanenvironment,problemsolving,andevenexercisingcreativity.(人工智能是一种机器执行认知功能的能力，我们将其与人类的思维联系在一起，比如推理、学习、与环境互动、解决问题，甚至锻炼创造力)”以及最后一段“Theseriskscanbereduced,however,inafewways.(然而，这些风险可以通过几种方式降低。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能以及如何降低其风险。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Aketo(生酮类)dietstresseshighintakeofanimalandvegetablefats,andproteins,inplaceofcarbohydrates(碳水化合物).Theappealofthisdietisclear--you’reencouragedtoeatdelicious,highfatfoodslikehardcheese,butter,baconandsteakinplentifulamounts.____16____Soyourbodyisforcedtoburnstoredfatforfuelinsteadofcarbohydrate.____17____Whenketonesarepresent,thebodytransitionsintoametabolic(新陈代谢的)statecalledketosis.Peoplesometimesexperiencedrymouthorfeelingoverallunwellwhentheystartthediet--symptomsofketosiscalledthe“ketoflu”.Butonceyourbodyadapts,thosesymptomswillusuallydisappear.Forthebodytoremaininketosis,carbohydrateintakemustbereducedto10percent,whichmeansrestrictingalotoffoodgroups.Grains,fruits,vegetables,manydairyproductsandevennutsthatcontaincarbohydratesmustbelimited.____18____Butistheketodietgoodforyou?AccordingtoareportfromtheAmericanHeartAssociation,notsomuch.Infact,ketorankedasoneoftheunhealthiest.____19____Why?Becauseitrestrictsfoodgroupsconsideredessentialforaheart-healthydietandinsteadpromotesfatsourcesthatarestronglydiscouraged.“Basedonwhatweknowaboutthisdiet,thefoodsthatareincludedandemphasized,thefoodsthatarelimited,wedoconcludethatitwouldbeassociatedwithhigherriskofheartdisease,”saysPetersen,whocontributedtotherecentAmericanHeartAssociation(AHA)report.“____20____Butweknowintheshort-termstudiesthatketogenicdietcanleadtohigherhealthrisks.”A.Burningfatisconsideredanidealwaytoloseweight.B.Itskeyliesinverylowcarbohydrateintakeandhighfatconsumption.C.Ketonesarechemicalsthatthebodyproduceswhenitstartsbreakingdownfatforenergy.D.Thereportcategorizedpopulardietsintofourlevels,andketowasplacedinlevelfour--thelowest.E.Sofar,therearenotyetanylong-termstudiesthatrevealthehealtheffectsforpeoplefollowingtheketodiet.F.Thealternativewaytofollowketoisconsuminglargeamountsofhigherfatdairyandfattiercutsofmeat.G.However,thatcanbecomeevenhardertomaintainsincemanyofthosesourcesalsocontaincarbohydrates.〖答案〗16.B17.C18.G19.D20.E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生酮饮食的相关内容，包括其具体功效以及可能存在的隐患。【16题详析】根据空前内容“Theappealofthisdietisclear--you’reencouragedtoeatdelicious,highfatfoodslikehardcheese,butter,baconandsteakinplentifulamounts.(这种饮食的吸引力是显而易见的——鼓励你吃大量美味的高脂肪食物，如硬奶酪、黄油、培根和牛排)”可知，这种饮食鼓励人们摄入大量高脂肪食物。选项B“Itskeyliesinverylowcarbohydrateintakeandhighfatconsumption.(它的关键在于低碳水化合物的摄入和高脂肪的消耗)”符合上文内容，指的都是生酮饮食需要摄入高脂肪食物，同时与下文内容“Soyourbodyisforcedtoburnstoredfatforfuelinsteadofcarbohydrate.(所以你的身体被迫燃烧储存的脂肪而不是碳水化合物作为燃料)”构成因果关系。故选B。【17题详析】根据空后内容“Whenketonesarepresent,thebodytransitionsintoametabolic(新陈代谢的)statecalledketosis.Peoplesometimesexperiencedrymouthorfeelingoverallunwellwhentheystartthediet--symptomsofketosiscalledthe“ketoflu”.Butonceyourbodyadapts,thosesymptomswillusuallydisappear.(当酮存在时，身体转变为一种称为酮症的代谢状态。当人们开始这种饮食时，有时会感到口干或全身不适——这是一种被称为“酮症流感”的酮症症状。但一旦你的身体适应了，这些症状通常就会消失)”可知，下文主要解释了酮在或不在身体中存在时的身体症状。选项C“Ketonesarechemicalsthatthebodyproduceswhenitstartsbreakingdownfatforenergy.(酮是身体开始分解脂肪获取能量时产生的化学物质)”与下文内容一致，讲述的都是酮代谢的相关信息。故选C。【18题详析】根据空前内容“Forthebodytoremaininketosis,carbohydrateintakemustbereducedto10percent,whichmeansrestrictingalotoffoodgroups.Grains,fruits,vegetables,manydairyproductsandevennutsthatcontaincarbohydratesmustbelimited.(为了使身体保持酮症状态，碳水化合物的摄入量必须减少到10%，这意味着要限制很多食物种类。含有的碳水化合物的谷物、水果、蔬菜、许多乳制品甚至坚果都必须加以限制)”可知，为了维持酮症状态，碳水化合物的摄入量需要大量减少。选项G“However,thatcanbecomeevenhardertomaintainsincemanyofthosesourcesalsocontaincarbohydrates.(然而，这可能会变得更加难以维持，因为许多这些来源也含有碳水化合物)”是上文内容的延续，其中的“thosesources”指的正是上文的“Grains,fruits,vegetables,manydairyproductsandevennuts”。故选G。【19题详析】根据空前的“AccordingtoareportfromtheAmericanHeartAssociation,notsomuch.Infact,ketorankedasoneoftheunhealthiest.(根据美国心脏协会的一份报告，事实并非如此。事实上，生酮被列为最不健康的食物之一)”可知，美国心脏协会的报告认为生酮是不健康的食物之一。选项D“Thereportcategorizedpopulardietsintofourlevels,andketowasplacedinlevelfour--thelowest.(该报告将流行的饮食分为四个等级，生酮被列为第四级——最低的)”与上文内容一致，指的都是美国心脏协会的报告认为生酮是不健康的。故选D。【20题详析】根据下文内容“Butweknowintheshort-termstudiesthatketogenicdietcanleadtohigherhealthrisks.(但我们知道，在短期研究中，生酮饮食会导致更高的健康风险)”可知，下文讲述的是根据短期研究生酮饮食会导致更高的健康风险。选项E“Sofar,therearenotyetanylong-termstudiesthatrevealthehealtheffectsforpeoplefollowingtheketodiet.(到目前为止，还没有任何长期的研究揭示酮类饮食对人们健康的影响)”指的是没有任何长期的研究揭示酮类饮食对人们健康的影响。与下文的“intheshort-termstudies”相一致。故选E。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MaHongda,a22-year-old,becamethefirstChinesetowingoldinthePlastering(抹灰)andDrywallSystemsEventattheWorldSkillsCompetition2022inFrance.Hearingthenews,theChineseteam____21____withjoy.Maisastudent____22____inarchitecturaldecorationfromZhejiangConstructionTechnicianCollege.Hewas____23____intothecollege’scenterfortrainingcandidatesforthecompetitionfiveyearsagoandhehastrainedhardtoimprovehisskillsandget____24____forthecompetition.Everymorningatfive,hearrivesatthecenterand____25____morethantenhours.Ashehastogatherallthemusclesofhisbodyduringtraining,____26____thoseonhishands,hehas____27____countlessgloves.Andtorelievethepressureonhishandmusclescausedbylongtime____28____,heneedstoundergomedicaltreatmentregularly.Manypeoplethinkplasteringdoesnotrequire____29____technicalknowledge,butaninternationalcompetitiondoesnotallowanoperating_____30_____ofmorethan1millimeter.MatoldTheBeijingTimesthatthe_____31_____usedtoplastereverytimediffersanditrequirescontestantsto_____32_____experiencefromday-to-daypractice.InMa’s_____33_____,highlyskilledtechnicalworkersarethosewhoinsistontheirprofessionalareasandmake_____34_____tothesociety.“Nomatterwhatindustrytheyareengagedin,theywill_____35_____aslongastheykeeplearningandarededicatedtotheirprofessions,”Masaid.21.A.comforted B.cheered C.smiled D.gestured22.A.majoring B.dealing C.advertising D.resulting23.A.described B.developed C.changed D.selected24.A.qualifications B.intelligence C.education D.knowledge25.A.promotes B.competes C.trains D.performs26.A.respectively B.especially C.originally D.specially27.A.carriedout B.triedout C.wornout D.workedout28.A.practice B.service C.experience D.routine29.A.basic B.average C.absolute D.sound30.A.situation B.system C.error D.method31.A.disappointment B.strength C.trouble D.satisfaction32.A.accumulate B.absorb C.expand D.pursue33.A.impression B.information C.intention D.opinion34.A.additions B.sacrifices C.contributions D.measurements35.A.flash B.admire C.survive D.shine〖答案〗21.B22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.C28.A29.D30.C31.B32.A33.D34.C35.D【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报导了22岁的马宏达在2022年世界技能大赛中，成为第一位获得“刮腻子”金牌的中国人。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：听到这个消息，中国队喜悦地欢呼起来。A.comforted安慰；B.cheered欢呼；C.smiled微笑；D.gestured打手势。根据上文“MaHongda,a22-year-old,becamethefirstChinesetowingoldinthePlastering(抹灰)andDrywallSystemsEventattheWorldSkillsCompetition2022inFrance.”可知，马宏达在世界技能大赛中获得金牌，因此中国队会欢呼。故选B。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：马宏达是浙江建筑职业技术学院建筑装饰专业的学生。A.majoring主修；B.dealing处理；C.advertising打广告；D.resulting导致。根据下文“inarchitecturaldecorationfromZhejiangConstructionTechnicianCollege”可推知，马宏达学的是建筑装饰专业，即主修这个专业。故选A。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：五年前，他被选入学院培训比赛候选人的中心，他努力训练，提高自己的技能，获得比赛资格。A.described描述；B.developed发展；C.changed改变；D.selected挑选。根据下文“thecollege’scenterfortrainingcandidatesforthecompetition”可推知，马宏达当时作为学生应该是被选入学院的这个中心进行培训。故选D。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：五年前，他被选入学院培训比赛候选人的中心，他努力训练，提高自己的技能，获得比赛资格。A.qualifications资格；B.intelligence智力；C.education教育；D.knowledge知识。根据上文“thecollege’scenterfortrainingcandidatesforthecompetition”和下文“forthecompetition”可推知，这个中心培训比赛候选人，马宏达应该是通过训练获得了参加这个比赛的资格。故选A。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天早上5点，他到达训练中心，训练10多个小时。A.promotes促进；B.competes竞争；C.trains训练；D.performs执行。根据上文“hehastrainedhardtoimprovehisskills”可知，马宏达是在训练。故选C。【26题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因为在训练中要集中全身的肌肉，尤其是手上的肌肉，他已经磨破了无数的手套。A.respectively分别地；B.especially尤其；C.originally最初；D.specially特别地。根据上文“gatherallthemusclesofhisbodyduringtraining”、下文“thoseonhishands”和常识可知，给墙面抹灰需要尤其需要用到手上的肌肉。故选B。【27题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因为在训练中要集中全身的肌肉，尤其是手上的肌肉，他已经磨破了无数的手套。A.carriedout进行；B.triedout尝试；C.wornout磨损；D.workedout解决。根据上文“Ashehastogatherallthemusclesofhisbodyduringtraining,________thoseonhishands”可推知，给墙面抹灰非常耗费力气，特别是要用手，因此会磨破无数的手套。故选C。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了减轻长期练习对手部肌肉造成的压力，他需要定期接受医疗治疗。A.practice练习；B.service服务；C.experience经历；D.routine常规。根据上文描述的马宏达非常刻苦地进行训练可知，此处指长期练习对手部肌肉造成的压力。故选A。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多人认为抹灰不需要全面的技术知识，但国际比赛不允许操作误差超过1毫米。A.basic基本的；B.average一般的；C.absolute绝对的；D.sound全面的。根据下文“butaninternationalcompetitiondoesnotallowanoperating_______ofmorethan1millimeter”和常识可推知，sound“全面的”符合语境，强调很多人认为抹灰不需要全面的技术知识，但实际上比赛要求很高。故选D。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很多人认为抹灰不需要全面的技术知识，但国际比赛不允许操作误差超过1毫米。A.situation情况；B.system系统；C.error错误；D.method方法。根据上文“aninternationalcompetition”和常识可推知，国际比赛对操作上的要求会很高，不允许操作误差超过1毫米。故选C。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：马宏达在接受《京华时报》采访时表示，每次抹灰的力度不同，需要选手在日常练习中积累经验。A.disappointment失望；B.strength力量；C.trouble麻烦；D.satisfaction满意。根据下文“usedtoplastereverytimediffers”和常识可推知，抹灰使用的力量会有差别。故选B。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：马宏达在接受《京华时报》采访时表示，每次抹灰的力度不同，需要选手在日常练习中积累经验。A.accumulate积累；B.absorb吸收；C.expand展开；D.pursue追求。根据下文“experiencefromday-to-daypractice”可推知，accumulate“积累”符合语境，表示在日常练习中积累经验。故选A。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在马宏达看来，高技能的技术工人是那些坚持自己的专业领域，为社会做出贡献的人。A.impression印象；B.information信息；C.intention意图；D.opinion看法。根据下文“highlyskilledtechnicalworkersarethosewhoinsistontheirprofessionalareasandmake________tothesociety”可知，马宏达在发表自己对于高技能的技术工人的看法，因此opinion“看法”符合语境，inone’sopinion是固定短语，意为“在某人看来”。故选D。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在马宏达看来，高技能的技术工人是那些坚持自己的专业领域，为社会做出贡献的人。A.additions补充；B.sacrifices牺牲；C.contributions贡献；D.measurements测量。根据下文“tothesociety”和常识可推知，此处表示高技能的技术工人应为社会做出贡献，makecontributionsto是固定短语，意为“为……做出贡献”。故选C。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“无论他们从事什么行业，只要他们不断学习并致力于自己的职业，他们都会表现出众，”马宏达说。A.flash闪光；