广西壮族自治区2023-2024学年高二下学期开学联合检测英语试题（含答案解析）

高二年级2024年春季学期入学联合检测卷英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhydidthewomangotoMallorca?A.TolearnSpanish. B.Tolookforajob. C.Toseeafriend.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IwasinMallorcalastweek.M:Oh,whatwereyoudoingthere?W:Mybestfriendworkedthere.AndIwenttovisither.ItwasagoodchancetopracticemySpanish.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Takehimtohospital.B.Gotoaclasswithhim.C.Submitareportforhim.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Ruth,I’vegotthisterriblecoldandIhavetoseeadoctor.IamafraidIcan’tgototheclass.CouldyouhelpmehandinmylabreporttoDr.Davidson?W:Sure,noproblem.Justtakecareofyourselfanddon’tworryabouttheclass.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whowilllookafterthechildren?A.Jennifer. B.Marie. C.Suzy.【答案】C【解析】【详解】M:Marie,ifnoonetakescareofyourchildrenwhileyou’reaway,JenniferandIwillbegladtohavethemstaywithus.W:That’sverykindofyou.Butthey’vealreadyleftfortheirGrandma’s.Youknow,Suzylivescloseby.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Drivehome. B.Goshopping. C.Eatout.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hurryupwithyourfood,Sally.Theysaythere’sabigstormcoming.We’dbettergethomebeforethat.W:Okay,I’mdone.Let’sgetbacktothecar.Couldyoucarrytheseshoppingbags?M:Oh,sure.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtofryfish.B.Howtomakecoffee.C.Howtoremoveabadsmell.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Wedeepfriedfishthreedaysagointhekitchen,buttheunpleasantsmellstays.W:Thereisamethodyoucantry.Everytimeyoumakecoffee,drytheleftovercoffeegroundsandkeeptheminsmallbowls,thenplacethebowlsinthekitchen.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhendoesGomezwatchafootballgameonTV?A.Whenthestadiumiscrowded.B.Whenhisfriendsaretoobusy.C.Whenhefailstogetaticket.7.HowmuchdidGomezpayforthefootballgamelasttime?A.$20. B.$25. C.$50.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】W:Areyouafootballfan,Gomez?M:Yes,Igotothestadiumwheneverthereisagoodgame.AndifIcan’tgetaticket,IwatchthegameonTV.Thatway,they’relessexcitingthough.W:Istheticketexpensive?M:Itdepends.Itusuallycostsabout20to50dollars.LasttimeIpaid25.W:That’snotveryexpensive.Maybewecangotogethersometime.M:Great.It’llbemorefuntowatchthegamewithafriend.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.WhatdidAlexdointheafternoon?A.Hehadawalk. B.Hewenthunting. C.Heplantedtrees.9.WhatdidAlexbringback?A.Flowers. B.Leaves. C.Books.10.WhatwasBobdoingwhenAlexsawhim?A.Fishing. B.Takingpictures. C.Swimming.【答案】8.A9.B10.A【解析】【原文】W:You’reoutthewholeafternoon,Alex?Whatdidyoudo?M:Itookawalkbymyself.W:Youjustkeptwalkingandwalkingforfourhours?M:Actually,it’snotsoboring.Walkinginthewoodsisagrandadventure.Yourfeetcantakeyoutothemostamazingplaces.W:Whatdidyoudointhewoods?M:Ismelttheflowers,lookedatthebirds,andyeah,Ipickedmanytreeleaves.Iwillmakebookmarkswiththem.Look!W:Aren’ttheybeautiful?M:ThenImetBobatthelake.Hewasfishingwhilehiskidswerehavingaswim.W:Didyoutalktohim?M:No,Iwalkedonandtookalotofpictures.There’sjustsomuchouttheretosee.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.WhatdidDaviddoonhismostrecentholiday?A.Hehadaboattrip.B.Heclimbedamountain.C.Hetookaballoonflight.12.WhatareonDavid’slist?A.Thingshewishedtodo.B.Giftsheneededtobuy.C.Dateshehadtoremember.13.WheredoesthewomansuggestDavidgoforhisnextholiday?A.MountFuji. B.Thedeepsea. C.TheAmazon.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】【原文】W:David,howwasyourholiday?M:Great,IclimbedMountFuji.Itwasreallybeautiful.NowIcancheckonemorethingoffmylist.W:Yourlist?M:Yes.WhenIwas12,ImadealistofthingsIwantedtodosomeday.W:That’sinteresting.Howmanyofthethingsonyourlisthaveyoudonesofar?M:Almosthalf.Ihavepictures.Wouldyouliketoseethem?W:Yes,sure.M:HereIamontopofMountFuji.AndhereIaminahotairballoon.W:Whendidyoudothat?I’vealwayswantedtogoupinahotairballoon.M:Itwastwoyearsago,inAugust,inCalifornia.W:Whatareyourplansforthenextholiday?M:I’mthinkingofdeep-seadivinginAustralia.Doyouhaveanyothersuggestions?W:YoureallyoughttotakeaboatdowntheAmazon.You’llseealotofinterestinganimalsandbeautifultrees.It’soneofthebestplacesI’vebeento.M:OK.I’llputitonmylist.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.WhydidSarahmakethephonecall?A.Toaskafavor.B.Topassonamessage.C.Tomakeanappointment.15.WhereisSarahnow?A.Atameetingroom. B.Atherhome. C.AttheSheltonHotel.16.WhattimeisMichaelleavinghisplacetomorrowmorning?A.At7:40. B.At8:00. C.At8:20.17.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenJohnandSarah?A.Neighbors. B.Fellowworkers. C.Husbandandwife.【答案】14.A15.B16.A17.C【解析】【原文】W:Hello,Michael.M:Hi,Sarah.W:AreyouattendingtheconferencetomorrowmorningattheSheltonHotel?M:Yes.Areyou?W:Yeah,butwhenIarrivedhomefiveminutesago,Ifoundthatmycarwouldn’tstart.AndJohnisinBrightononbusiness.M:Doyouknowwhat’swrongwiththecar?W:I’mnotexactlysureIthinkthereisaproblemwiththeengine.Er...Iwonderifyoucouldgivemearidetothehoteltomorrowmorning.M:Sure.WhenshallIbeatyourplace?W:Well,whatabout8:00?FrommyplacetoShelton,wehavetodrivethroughthequarters,sowe’dbetterleaveearlytoavoidthetraffic.M:OK.Noproblem.Ittakestwentyminutestoreachyourplace.SoI’llsetoffat7:40.Bytheway,doyoualsoneedmetodriveyouhometomorrowafternoon?W:No,Johnwillbebackthen,andhe’llgetmehome.Thankyou,Michael.M:That’sokay.Seeyoutomorrow.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whatdomostpeoplethinkisveryimportantinspokencommunication?A.Pronunciation. B.Grammar. C.Vocabulary.19.Whyshouldyoulistentoexpertsaccordingtothespeaker?A.Todevelopyourreadingfluency.B.Toimproveyournote-takingskills.C.Tofindoutyourmispronunciations.20.Whatisthespeaker’slastsuggestion?A.Spellingoutthedifficultwords.B.Practicingreadingthewordsaloud.C.Checkingthewordsinadictionary.【答案】18.C19.C20.B【解析】【原文】W:Hello,everyone.TodayI’lltalkabouthowtoimproveyourpronunciation.Languageresearcherssaypronunciationandfluencyarethebiggestbarriers,followedbygrammar,ineffectivespokenEnglish.However,mostpeopledon’tregardpronunciationasaveryimportantpartofcommunicationskills.They’remorefocusedonvocabulary.Onereasonisthatmostpeoplearenotevenawareoftheirmispronunciations.Soit’simportanttofirstfindoutthewordsyoumispronounce.Youshouldlistentoexperts,byexperts.Imeanthosewhoarelesslikelytomakepronunciationmistakes.Whenlisteningtothem,payattentiontowordsthatsoundstrange—strangebecauseyoupronouncethesamewordsdifferently.Whenyoucomeacrosssuchwords,checkadictionarytoconfirmtheirexactpronunciations.Youcanalsosearchfordifficult-to-pronouncewordsandnames,andmakealistofthem.Thelastsuggestionistoreadaloud.Nowyou’vegotthecorrectpronunciationsofthewords.It’stimetopracticereadingthemeveryday.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWithover70%ofthecountryblanketedinforest,BhutanisrichinoutdooractivitiesandcharmingvillagesthatshowcaseadistinctiveculturefoundnowhereelseontheEarth.HereareourpicksforthebestplacestoaddtoyourBhutantravelinglist.ParoLessthan10minutesawayfromtheairport,thehistoricriversidetownofParoisknownfortheNationalMuseum,RinpungDzongandsymbolicTiger’sNestMonastery.WanderalongParo’sstreetsandtheParoWeekendMarkettoexploreshopsandstandsofferinghandmadesouvenirs.Whenyou’veworkedupanappetite,stepintoanyrestaurantforfresh,handmademomodumplings.ThimphuInBhutan’scapitalcity,spendthedaycreatingyourownstampsattheBhutanPostalMuseum,touringthemassiveThimphu’smuseumsandwatchingpolicemenmanuallydirecttraffic(therearenotrafficlightsintheentirecity).Whenthesunsetsbelowthemountains,enjoyyourselfatbarslikeGreyArea,apopularartbarwithlivemusicwhereyoucanshout“tashidelek!”,aXizang’sexpressionforgoodluckandhealth.PunakhaBelovedforriversidefarmswherecowseatamongriceandpepperfields,Punakhaishometowhatisitsmostbeautifultemple,whichsitsalongthePunakhaRiver.Punakha’slowaltitudemeansittendstobehotterandsunnierthannearbytownsanddistricts,whichmeansyou’llneedtotakeprecautionstoavoidsunburn.KhomaFashionloverscanexpecttovisitbehindthecurtaininBhutan’stextilecenter,Khoma.IntheeasterndistrictofLhuentse,thisvillageishometoroughly1,000residents—andfewcars.Khoma’sartisansspendtheirdaysweavingdelicatepatternsanddesignsontraditionalBhutaneselooms(织布机),creatingcolorsfromthearea’smineralsandplants.21.WhatisrecommendedforvisitorstravelinginThimphu?A.Actingasapoliceman. B.Enjoyingthenightlife.C.Purchasingancientstamps. D.Tryinghandmadedumplings.22.WhatshouldvisitorscarrywhiletravelinginPunakha?A.Food. B.Lifejackets. C.Sunblock. D.Warmingclothing.23.Whichattractionbestsuitstouristswhoareinterestedintraditionalcrafts?A.Paro. B.Thimphu. C.Punakha. D.Khoma.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不丹的旅游目的地。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Whenthesunsetsbelowthemountains,enjoyyourselfatbarslikeGreyArea,apopularartbarwithlivemusicwhereyoucanshout“tashidelek!”,aXizang’sexpressionforgoodluckandhealth.(当太阳落山时，你可以在GreyArea这样的酒吧里尽情享受，这是一家很受欢迎的艺术酒吧，有现场音乐，你可以在那里大喊“tashidelek!”，这是西藏人对好运和健康的表达)”可知，建议在廷布旅游的游客享受夜生活。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Punakha’slowaltitudemeansittendstobehotterandsunnierthannearbytownsanddistricts,whichmeansyou’llneedtotakeprecautionstoavoidsunburn.(普纳卡的低海拔意味着它往往比附近的城镇和地区更热、更阳光，这意味着你需要采取预防措施，避免晒伤)”可知，游客在普纳卡旅行时应该携带防晒霜。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Khoma’sartisansspendtheirdaysweavingdelicatepatternsanddesignsontraditionalBhutaneselooms(织布机),creatingcolorsfromthearea’smineralsandplants.(科马的工匠们每天都在不丹传统的织布机上编织精美的图案和图案，用该地区的矿物和植物创造出色彩)”可知，Khoma最适合对传统工艺感兴趣的游客。故选D。BMs.McIntyre,38,workedasapublisher.Shesufferedbraincancerandherhealthgotworsedespitesomemedicaltreatment.Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.Thegroupcanpayoffmedicalbillsforabout100timeslessmoneythantheycost.Inotherwords,forevery100donated,thegroupcanpayoff10,000inunpaidmedicalbills.Unfortunately,Ms.McIntyrepassedawaybeforelong.Mr.GregorypostedamessageforMs.McIntyreonhersocialmediaaccounts.“Ifyou’rereadingthis,Ihavepassedaway,”thepostbegan.Thenthepostexplained,“Tocelebratemylife,I’vearrangedtobuyupothers’medicaldebtsandthendestroythedebts.”Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.Mr.GregoryplannedaspecialeventinDecembertocelebrateMs.McIntyre’slifeandtoannouncehowmanymillionsofdollarsofmedicaldebtshereffortshadpaidfor.24.WhydidMs.McIntyrefeelluckierthansomeotherpeople?A.Thedoctorseventuallycuredher. B.Herdiseasedidn’tbecomeworse.C.Shehadadecentjobbeforebeingill. D.Shehadsecurityaboutmedicalcare.25.HowdidMs.McIntyreandherhusbandhelpothers?A.Bypayingfortheirdailydebts. B.Bygivingawaymoneytothem.C.Byriddingthemofdebtsfromtreatments. D.Bypurchasingmedicalinsuranceforthem.26.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thepublicinvolvement. B.Thecouple’scommitment.C.Theoperationofawebsite. D.Theincreaseofmedicaldebts.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMs.McIntyre?A.Humorousandelegant. B.Influentialandunderstanding.C.Cautiousandpromising. D.Enthusiasticandadaptable.【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了38岁的麦金太尔和丈夫建立了名为RIP医疗债务的组织，来帮助那些无力支付医疗债务的人。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.(但她意识到，在某种程度上，她比其他一些人幸运。她有保险来支付医疗费用)”可知，麦金太尔觉得自己比其他人幸运因为她有医疗保障。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.(尽管她的健康状况每况愈下，麦金太尔还是决定帮助尽可能多的人还清医疗债务。这对夫妇开始向一个名为RIP医疗债务的组织捐款，该组织致力于为他人偿还未付的医疗债务)”可知，麦金太尔女士和她的丈夫通过偿还他人的治疗债务帮助别人。故选C。【26题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(这对夫妇在一个网站上建立了一个页面，为这个目的筹集资金。他们原本希望筹集到大约2万美元。尽管如此，麦金太尔的最后一条帖子还是引起了很多关注。她的网页上的捐款很快就超过了总目标。在不到一周的时间里，该网站筹集的资金是预期的10倍，捐款仍在不断增加。到2023年11月22日，麦金太尔的网页已经筹集了超过62.7万美元，足以偿还约6000万美元的医疗债务)”可知，第四段的主要内容是公众参与。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.(但麦金太尔和她的丈夫格雷戈里知道，许多癌症患者因为医疗费用而面临艰难的决定，最终欠下的钱远远超过了他们的支付能力)”可知，麦金太尔女士能够理解他人的处境，结合第四段“Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(尽管如此，麦金太尔的最后一条帖子还是引起了很多关注。她的网页上的捐款很快就超过了总目标。在不到一周的时间里，该网站筹集的资金是预期的10倍，捐款仍在不断增加。到2023年11月22日，麦金太尔的网页已经筹集了超过62.7万美元，足以偿还约6000万美元的医疗债务)”可知，麦金太尔女士很有影响力。故可推知，麦金太尔女士有影响力和理解他人。故选B。CCanyounameafamouselephant?Babar,perhaps?OrDumbo?Thoughthesenamesmaybememorabletohumans,theysoundnothinglikethenameselephantsgiveeachother.“Ifyou’reanelephant,yournameissomethingmorelikealow,rumblingsound(隆隆的声音),”scientistssay.ResearchershavefoundthatAfricanelephantsemitsoundsinresponsetoindividualsintheirsocialgroup,andthereceiversrespondaccordingly.Researchersrecorded527elephantcallsinnorthernKenyaand98callsinsouthernKenya.Theythendistinguishedwhichmemberswereseparatedfromtheherdatthetimeofeachcall,orwhichmemberswereclosetotheherd.Researcherscorrectlyidentifiedthereceiversof20.3%ofthe625recordedcalls.Thismarksastepforwardinunderstandinghowthesehighlyintelligentanimalscommunicate.“There’sacontactrumble,ananti-predatorrumbleandagreetingrumble.Ifyoulookataspectrogram(声谱图)withyoureyes,theyalllookalmostexactlythesame,”saidCaitlinO’Connell-Rodwell,anelephantbiologistatHarvardMedicalSchool.“That’swhyartificialintelligence(AI)hasbeenexciting.Itallowsustoreallyfigureoutwhattheelephantsaresaying.”Asitturnedout,thecallsweredistincttothereceivers.Evencallsfromdifferentcallerstothesamereceiverweresimilar.Thepatternwaslessobviousthanitwasbetweenasinglecallerandhisorherreceiver.Thismaybebecauserumblesencodemultiplemessagesatthesametime,sotheAIsystemincomputermodelmaynothavebeenabletopickoutthe“name”usedineachcall.“Itjusthighlightsthecomplexityofwhat’sgoingon.Andwe’renotskilledenoughinthesemeasurementstofigureoutwhat’sgoingon,”saidCaitlin.However,theresearchshowshowelephantsarenavigatingthroughalargelandscapeandcanstillkeepintouchwithspecificindividuals.Itallowsthemtospreadoutmuchfurtherandstillhaveveryclosetabsonindividuals,notjustthegroup.28.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph1?A.Elephantsseemtohavetheirownnames.B.Elephants’soundsdifferfromotherspecies.C.Elephants’namessoundexactlylikehumans’.D.Elephants’namessounddifferentfromeachother.29.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheirstudy?A.Bygroupingtheelephantsbasedonintelligence.B.Byobservingtheelephants’reactionstothecalls.C.Byanalyzingtherelationshipwithintheelephants.D.Bycopyingtheelephants’voicetocalltheirnames.30.WhatisthefunctionofAIintheresearch?A.Simplifyingtheprocess. B.Creatingaspectrogram.C.Lettingoutvariousrumbles. D.Makingouteachrumble.31.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Howdoelephantscontacteachother? B.Whydoelephantsmaketheirvoice?C.Doelephantsnameoneanother? D.Doelephantsliketobecalled?【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现非洲大象会发出声音来回应它们社会群体中的个体，而接受者也会做出相应的反应。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及这项研究显示了大象是如何在广阔的景观中导航的，并且仍然可以与特定的个体保持联系。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段““Ifyou’reanelephant,yournameissomethingmorelikealow,rumblingsound(隆隆的声音),”scientistssay.ResearchershavefoundthatAfricanelephantsemitsoundsinresponsetoindividualsintheirsocialgroup,andthereceiversrespondaccordingly.(科学家说：“如果你是一头大象，你的名字更像是一种低沉的隆隆声。”研究人员发现，非洲大象会发出声音来回应它们社会群体中的个体，而接受者也会做出相应的反应)”可推知，大象似乎有自己的名字。故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchersrecorded527elephantcallsinnorthernKenyaand98callsinsouthernKenya.Theythendistinguishedwhichmemberswereseparatedfromtheherdatthetimeofeachcall,orwhichmemberswereclosetotheherd.Researcherscorrectlyidentifiedthereceiversof20.3%ofthe625recordedcalls.(研究人员在肯尼亚北部记录了527次大象叫声，在肯尼亚南部记录了98次。然后，他们区分出在每次鸣叫时，哪些成员离开了鹿群，哪些成员离鹿群很近。在625个呼叫记录中，研究人员正确识别了20.3%的接收者)”可知，研究人员通过观察大象对叫声的反应进行他们的研究。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thismaybebecauserumblesencodemultiplemessagesatthesametime,sotheAIsystemincomputermodelmaynothavebeenabletopickoutthe“name”usedineachcall.(这可能是因为隆隆声同时编码了多个信息，所以计算机模型中的人工智能系统可能无法挑选出每个呼叫中使用的“名称”)”可知，人工智能在研究中的作用是辨认每一次隆隆声。故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Canyounameafamouselephant?Babar,perhaps?OrDumbo?Thoughthesenamesmaybememorabletohumans,theysoundnothinglikethenameselephantsgiveeachother.(你能说出一头著名的大象的名字吗？可能是巴巴？还是丹波？虽然这些名字对人类来说可能很难忘，但它们听起来一点也不像大象给彼此起的名字)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现非洲大象会发出声音来回应它们社会群体中的个体，而接受者也会做出相应的反应。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及这项研究显示了大象是如何在广阔的景观中导航的，并且仍然可以与特定的个体保持联系。可知，C选项“大象会互相命名吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。DAsasayinggoes,you’reonlyasoldasyoufeel,butwhatifdifferentpartsofyourbodyagedatdifferentspeeds?Itturnsouttheydo.Thestudyabouttheageofourbodiesshowsthatdifferenttissuesinsideusareeffectivelydifferentages.In2012,ProfessorSteveHorvathattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,lookedatsomethingnew—DNAmethylation(甲基化),anaturallyoccurringprocessinwhichDNAischemicallychangedovertime.HorvathanalyzedtheDNAin8,000tissuesamplesfromdifferentpartsofthebodyindifferentpeopletostudythesemarkers.Whathefoundwasstriking—theamountofmethylationincellsfrommostpartsofthebodywasagoodpredictoroftheperson’sage.Buttherewereinconsistencies.Breasttissue,forinstance,agesrapidly,whereasmuscleagesslowly.Theratesofageingarealsodifferentinmenandwomen.“Therearemanymedicalimplications,fromcancertoprematureageingdiseases,”saysHorvath.Ithasalreadybeenestablishedthattissuethatlookssignificantlyoldercouldbecancerous.Horvath’sstudyfoundthatcanceroustissuehasabiologicalageonaverage36yearsolderthanasubject’sactualage.Couldthisknowledgehelpuslivelonger?“Ifthemarkersrelatetoaprocessthatcausesageing,thenitwouldbetheoreticallypossibletoslowdownageingbycarefullytargetingDNAmethylation,”saysHorvath.Butbeforescientistsgottoworkondealingwithmethylation,theyfirstneededtoestablishwhetherthesechangeswerethecauseofageingorjustabyproductofanotherprocess.Now,a2023studyfromtheUniversityofMichiganhasbackedupProfessorHorvath’sfindings,whichmeanstheycansafelymakefurtherstudiesofmethylation.“OurmainaimwastoseewhetherbiologicalageaccelerationmeasuredfromDNAmethylationwaspredictiveofhealthoutcomesanddeath,”saidresearchassociateprofessorJessicaFaul.“Itturnedoutthatitislargelythecase.YoucanusecertainDNAmethylationmarkerstopredictageandage-relatedoutcomesquitewell.”32.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadinthetopicofthetext. B.Tosummarizethewholetext.C.Tooffersuggestionstoreaders. D.Tostimulatereaderstoimagine.33.WhatdoweknowaboutHorvath’sdiscoveryaboutmethylation?A.Ithelpspeoplelivemuchlonger. B.Itdoesn’talwayspredictone’sage.C.Itexistsinsomepartsofone’sbody. D.Itcausesthedifferentratesofageing.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“backedup”inparagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Consulted. B.Contradicted. C.Approved. D.Predicted.35.HowdoesJessicaFaulfindDNAmethylationasapredictorofhealth?A.Avoidable. B.Unrealistic. C.Risky. D.Potential.【答案】32.A33.B34.C35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最新研究发现DNA甲基化可以帮助我们预测一个人的年龄，文章解释了研究开展的经过以及人们对此的看法。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Asasayinggoes,you’reonlyasoldasyoufeel,butwhatifdifferentpartsofyourbodyagedatdifferentspeeds?Itturnsouttheydo.Thestudyabouttheageofourbodiesshowsthatdifferenttissuesinsideusareeffectivelydifferentages.In2012,ProfessorSteveHorvathattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,lookedatsomethingnew—DNAmethylation(甲基化),anaturallyoccurringprocessinwhichDNAischemicallychangedovertime.(俗话说，你的年龄取决于你的感觉，但如果你身体的不同部位以不同的速度衰老呢？事实证明确实如此。关于我们身体年龄的研究表明，我们体内不同的组织实际上代表着不同的年龄。2012年，加州大学洛杉矶分校的史蒂夫·霍瓦特教授研究了一些新的现象——DNA甲基化，这是一种自然发生的过程，DNA随着时间的推移发生化学变化)”可知，第一段的目的是引出文章主题。故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Buttherewereinconsistencies.Breasttissue,forinstance,agesrapidly,whereasmuscleagesslowly.Theratesofageingarealsodifferentinmenandwomen.(但也有不一致之处。例如，乳房组织衰老得很快，而肌肉衰老得很慢。男性和女性的老龄化速度也不同)”可知，霍瓦特关于甲基化的发现并不总是能预测一个人的年龄。故选B。【34题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“whichmeanstheycansafelymakefurtherstudiesofmethylation”可知，现在，密歇根大学2023年的一项研究意味着他们可以安全地对甲基化进行进一步的研究，说明这项研究支持了霍瓦特教授的发现，故划线词意思是“支持”。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““OurmainaimwastoseewhetherbiologicalageaccelerationmeasuredfromDNAmethylationwaspredictiveofhealthoutcomesanddeath,”saidresearchassociateprofessorJessicaFaul.“Itturnedoutthatitislargelythecase.YoucanusecertainDNAmethylationmarkerstopredictageandage-relatedoutcomesquitewell.”(研究副教授杰西卡·福尔说：“我们的主要目的是看看通过DNA甲基化测量的生物年龄加速是否能预测健康状况和死亡。”“事实证明，情况基本上是这样的。你可以使用某些DNA甲基化标记来很好地预测年龄和与年龄相关的结果。”)”可知，杰西卡·福尔认为DNA甲基化作为健康的一个预测因素是很有潜力的。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Peoplearealwayslivingwithtechnologynowadays.Herecomesasmarthome,whichiscontrolledbythetouchofabutton.____36____Thisactslikearemotecontroltoactivatehouseholdsystemsandmonitorinsidetemperatures.Ifdonesuccessfully,asmarthomesystemwillbeintegratedsoseamlesslythatahouseholdwillappeartorunitself.Homeautomationisdesignedtointroduceefficiencytoahome.____37____Anefficientsmarthomeusessensorstopreventoverwateringofoutdoorgardensandcontrolroomtemperaturesallofwhichcanreduceexpenses.Inadditiontocostsavings,homeautomationoftenprovidesasenseofsecuritytohomeowners.Familieswithchildrenorelderlyadultsinthehomemaybereassuredbysomesafeguardsinsmarthomesecurity,likefirealarmsthatalerttheappropriateagenciesintheeventofaproblem.Lightingactivationrunsontimers,whichcanbealifesaverifanovenisleftonwhensomeoneleavesthehome.____38____Homeautomationisnotjustforsafety,however.____39____Withacentralizedcontrolunit,apersondoesnothavetoleavethecouchtoturndowntheblindsorevenordergroceries,whichcanbeautomated.____40____Suchahomebecomesdependentontechnologyforroutinetasks.Ifsomethinggoeswrongwiththecentralautomationunit,itisnotjustoneapplianceatriskasmalfunctionscandisruptsystemsthatarevitaltorunningahome.Asaresult,forallpeople,ahomecanbecomeaplaceoftechnicalfaultsthatrepeatedlyrequirerepair.A.Asmarthomedoesn’tapplytoallfamilymembers.B.Itachievesthisbysavinghomeownerstimeandmoney.C.Therearesomedrawbackswithanautomatedhomesystem.D.Itcanalsoprovideconvenienceforpeoplelivinginthehome.E.Homeautomationdependsonfurnitureandhometemperatures.F.Throughhomeautomation,anentirehousecanbeconnectedviaasmartcontroller.G.Besidesprotectingpeople,italsoofferssecurityforexpensiveitemsinsidearesidence.【答案】36.F37.B38.G39.