过程装备英语资料

第一章概述

1.该专业特点

TheProcessindustryiscomposedofrefineriesandpetrochemical,paperandpulp,power

generation,andfoodprocessingplants.

加工工业由炼油厂和石化、造纸和纸浆、发电和食品加工厂组成。

2.动设备

2.1动设备定义：Rotaryequipmentiscomposedofadriver,aconnector,andthedriven

equipment.Acircularmovementcharacterizesrotaryequipment

旋转设备由驱动器、连接器和驱动设备组成。旋转设备的特点是圆周运动

2.2动设备组成：Adriverisadevicedesignedtoproviderotationalenergytodriven

equipment.

Adrivenequipmentisadevicethatreceivesrotationalenergyfromadriver.

Couplings,belts,orchainsconnectdriversanddrivenequipments.

ShaftrotationistypicallymeasuredinRPM,orrevolutionsperminute.

驱动器是一种为被驱动设备提供旋转能量的装置。

驱动设备是从驱动器接收旋转能量的装置。

联轴器、皮带或链条连接驱动器和驱动设备。

轴旋转通常以转速或每分钟转数测量。

2.3动设备分类

2.3.1连接器coupling

Themostcommonstylesarefixed-speedcouplings(rigidandflexible)andvariable-speed

couplings(hydraulicandmagnetic).

最常见的类型是定速联轴节(刚性和柔性)和变速联轴节(液压和磁力)。

2.3.2带belt

Beltsareusedtoconnecttwoparallelshafts.

Apulley（滑轮）ismountedontheendofeachshaft.

Beltsarefittedingroovesofpulleysmountedattheendof

shafts.

Thesizeofthepulleysallowthedriveranddrivenequipment

tooperateatdifferentspeeds.

Beltscomeinavarietyofshapesandsizesandaremadeof

durablematerialdesignedtowithstandoperatingconditions.

Abeltdrivecanmakespeed-to-torqueortorque-to-speed

conversions.

Flopping（跳动）,squealing（尖叫声）,orsmoking（冒烟）

beltsindicatewear,tension,ordriven-equipmentproblems.

皮带用于连接两个平行轴。滑轮（滑）安装在每个轴的末端。皮带安装在安装在竖

井。皮带轮的尺寸允许驾驶员和从动设备以不同的速度运行。皮带有多种形状和尺

寸，由经久耐用的材料，能承受工作条件。皮带传动可以使速度变为扭矩或扭矩变

为速度转换。扑通（跳动）、尖叫（尖叫声）或吸烟（冒）皮带指示磨损、张力或

驱动设备问题。

2.3.3链chain

Chaindrivesareverysimilartobeltdrives.

Chaindrivesaredesignedforlowspeedsandhightorque

conversions.

Insteadofusingpulleys,however,achaindrivehasaseries

ofsprocketwheels（链轮）thatinterlinkwiththechain.

Inthistypeofsystem,slippage（滑动）isminimal,chainreplacementisrare,andtemperature

variationsarenotafactoraslongasthechainiskeptlubricated.

链传动与皮带传动非常相似。链传动设计用于低速和高扭矩转换。但是，链传动没

有使用滑轮，而是有一系列链轮（链）与链条相连。在这种类型的系统中，打滑

（滑21160;）最小，更换链条很少，只要保持链条润滑，温度变化不是一个因素。

2.3.4齿轮和齿轮箱gearandgearbox

Insidethegearbox,thedrivegearmeshes（啮合）withalargerorsmallergear,thedrivengear.

Smallgearsizeisassociatedwithspeed.Largegearsizeisassociatedwithtorque.

Speed-to-torqueconversionisaccomplishedwithasmalldrivegearwithalargedriven

gear.

Torque-to-speedconversionusesalargedrivegearthathasasmalldrivengear.

在变速箱内部，驱动齿轮与较大或较小的齿轮(从动齿轮)啮合。小齿轮尺寸与速

度有关。大齿轮尺寸与扭矩有关。转速到扭矩的转换是由一个小驱动齿轮和一

个大从动齿轮完成的。扭矩-转速转换使用大驱动齿轮，小从动齿轮。

2.3.5电马达electricmotor

Itconsistsofastationarymagnet(stator)andamovingconductor(rotor).

Electricmotorsareeitherdirectcurrent(DC)oralternatingcurrent(AC).

Threeprinciples:

Electriccurrentcreatesamagneticfield;

Oppositemagneticpolesattracteachother,andlikemagneticpolesrepeleachother;

Currentdirectiondeterminesthemagneticpoles.

它由固定磁铁(定子)和移动导体(转子)组成。电动机可以是直流电(DC)也可

以是交流电(AC)o

三个原则：

电流产生磁场；

相反的磁极相互吸引，相似的磁极相互排斥；

电流方向决定磁极。

直流电：Thetwinfieldsincreaseinintensityandpushagainsttheconductor.

挛生场的强度增加，并对导体产生推力。

APermanentmagneticfieldisformedbythelinesofforcebetweenthepoles

ofthemagnet.

永磁场是由磁极之间的力线形成的。

WhenelectricitypassesthroughtheconductorinaDCmotor,itbecomesan

electromagnetandgeneratesanothermagneticfield.

当电流通过直流电动机的导体时，它就变成了电磁铁并产生另一个磁

场。

交流电：TherotorinanACmotorisaslottedironcore.

交流电动机的转子是开槽铁心。

Thestatorartificiallycreatesanelectriccurrentintherotor,whichgenerates

thesecondmagneticfield.

定子在转子中人为地产生电流，从而产生第二个磁场。

Alternatingcurrentflowsintothestator,producingarotatingmagneticfield

交流电流入定子，产生旋转磁场

Whenthetwofieldsinteract,therotorturns.

当两个磁场相互作用时，转子转动。

2.3.6汽轮机steamturbine

Asteamturbineisadevicethatconvertskineticenergytomechanicalenergy.Steamturbines

haveaspeciallydesignedrotorthatrotatesassteamstrikesit.Thisrotationisusedto

operateavarietyofshaft-drivenequipment（pumps5compressorsandelectricpower

generators.

汽轮机是把动能转换成机械能的装置。汽轮机有一个特殊设计的转子，当蒸汽击中

它时，它会旋转。这种旋转用于操作各种轴驱动设备（泵、压缩机和发电

机）。

2.3.7泵pump

Machinesdesignedtomoveliquidsandaddenergyto

themarecalledpumps.

—DynamicandPositivedisplacement（容积型）pumps.

—Dynamicpumps:Centrifugal（离心）andaxial（轴流）pumps

—Positivedisplacementpumps:Reciprocating（往复）androtary（回转）pumps

用于输送液体和增加能量的机器

它们被称为泵。

动态和正排量（容积型）泵。

-动力泵：离心泵（离心）和轴流泵（轴流泵）

-容积泵：往复式（往复）和旋转式（回转）泵

离，L?泵：CentrifugalPumps

—Centrifugalpumpsaredevicesthatmovefluidsbycentrifugalforce.

—Centrifugalforceistheforceexertedbyarotatingobjectawayfromitscenterofrotation.

—Theprimaryprincipleinvolvesspinningthefluidinacircularmotionthatpropelsitoutward

andintoadischargechuteknownasavolute.

离心泵是通过离心力移动液体的装置。

离心力是旋转物体从其旋转中心施加的力。

——主要原理是以圆周运动旋转流体，使其向外推进并进入称为蜗壳的泄槽。

Thebasiccomponentsofacentrifugalpumparethecasing,motorordriver,coupling,

volute（蜗壳），suctioneyeorinlet,impellers（叶轮），wearrings,seals,bearings,discharge

port,andsuctionanddischargegauges.

离心泵的基本部件是泵壳、电机或驱动器、联轴器、蜗壳（蜗）、吸入孔或入口、

叶轮（叶盘）、耐磨环、密封件、轴承、排放口以及吸入和排放仪表。

2.3.8压缩机compressor

-Machinesdesignedtomovegasesandaddenergytothemarecalledcompressors.

—Dynamic（动力型）andPositivedisplacementcompressors

—Dynamiccompressors:Centrifugal（离心）andaxial（轴流）

compressors

—Positivedisplacementcompressors:Reciprocating（往复）androtary（回转）compressors.

Theyoperatebytrappingaspecificamountofgasandforcingitintoasmallervolume.

Theyareclassifiedasrotaryorreciprocating.

-设计用于移动气体并向其添加能量的机器称为压缩机。

-动态（压缩机）和容积式压缩机

-动态压缩机：离心式（离心）和轴流式（轴流式）压缩机

-容积式压缩机：往复式（往复）和旋转式（回转）压缩机。它们通过捕获特定数量

的气体并将其压缩成较小的体积来工作。它们被归类为旋转或往复运动。

239润滑，轴承，密封

Lubrication:friction,wear

Bcarings:Supportandpreventmovement

Seals:preventleakagebetweeninternal

compartments:labyrinthseals；carbonseals；mechanicalseals

润滑：摩擦、磨损

轴承：支撑和防止移动

密封：防止内部之间的泄漏

隔室：迷宫式密封；碳密封；机械密封

Lubrication

-Lubricationprotectsthemovingpartsofequipmentbyplacingathinfilmofprotection

betweensurfacesthatcomeintocontactwitheachother.

—Withoutlubrication,atremendousamountoffrictionandwearwouldbedeveloped.

-Lubricationhelpsremoveheatgeneratedbyfrictionandprovidesafluidbarrierbetweenthe

metalpartstoreducefriction.

-Mostrotaryequipmentwillrequiresometypeoflubrication.

润滑

-润滑通过在相互接触的表面之间放置一层保护膜来保护设备的运动部件。

-如果没有润滑，将会产生大量的摩擦和磨损。

-润滑有助于消除摩擦产生的热量，并在金属部件之间提供流体屏障以减少摩擦。

-大多数旋转设备需要某种类型的润滑。

Seals

—Shaftsealsaredesignedtopreventleakagebetweeninternalcompartmentsinarotating

pieceofequipment.

—Shaftsealscomeinavarietyofshapesanddesigns.

-Typicaldesignsincludelabyrinthseals,carbonseals,and

mechanicalseals.

—Labyrinthsealstraplubricationandfluidswithinamazeof

ridges（凸起的迷宫）.

—Segmentalcarbonsealsaremountedinaring-shapeddesignaroundtherotatingshaft.A

springholdsthesoftgraphitesealinplaceandallowsittowearevenly.

—Mechanicalsealscomeinamodularkitthatisslidintoplaceasoneunit.Mechanicalseals

canwithstandhigh-pressuresituations;carbonsealsandlabyrinthsealscannot.

密封

轴密封设计用于防止旋转设备内部隔室之间的泄漏。

轴密封有多种形状和设计。

典型设计包括迷宫式密封、碳密封和机械密封。

迷宫式密封将润滑油和液体困在凸起的迷宫中。

节段式碳密封以环形设计安装在旋转轴周围。弹簧将软石墨密封固定到位，使其均

匀磨损。

-机械密封采用模块化套件，作为一个整体滑动到位。机械密封可以承受高压；碳密

封和迷宫密封不能。

Bearings

—Radialbearingsaredesignedtopreventup-and-downandside-to-sidemovementofthe

rotatingshaft;

-Axialbearings,oftencalledthrustbearings,aredesignedtopreventback-and-forth

movementoftheshaft.

—Radialandaxialbearingscanbefoundinmostrotatingequipmentandrequirelubricationto

operateproperly.

—Radialbearingscanbefoundinavarietyofdesignssuchasballbearings（滚珠轴承），friction

orsleevebearings（滑动轴承）,rollingelementbearings（滚动轴承）,andshielded

bearings（屏蔽轴承）.

轴承

径向轴承的设计可防止旋转轴上下和左右移动；

轴向轴承，通常称为推力轴承，设计用于防止轴的来回移动。

径向和轴向轴承可在大多数旋转设备中找到，需要润滑才能正常工作。

径向轴承的设计多种多样，如滚珠轴承（滚珠承）、摩擦或套筒轴承（滑动承）、

滚动轴承（滚动承承）和屏蔽轴承（屏蔽承）。

Keyterms:

Rotaryequipment旋转设备一industrialequipment

designedtorotateormove.

Stationaryequipment静设备一industrialequipment

designedtooccupyastationaryorfixedposition.

Driver驱动器，传动装置，主动轮一adevicedesignedto

providerotationalenergytodrivenequipment

Drivenequipment从动设备一adevicesuchasa

compressor,pump,orgenerator,thatreceivesrotational

energyfromadriver.

Coupling联轴^—adevicethatattachesthedriveshaftof

amotororsteamturbinetoapump,compressor,or

generator.

Belt带一usedtoconnecttwoparallelshafts-thedrive

shaftandthedrivenshaft-eachofwhichhasapulley

mountedontheend,beltsfitinthegroovesofthepulleys.

Chaindrive链传动一adevicethatprovidesrotational

energytodrivenequipmentbymeansofaseriesof

sprocketwheelsthatinterlinkwithachain,designedfor

lowspeedsandhightorqueconversions.

Gearbox齿轮箱一apowertransmissionmechanism

consistingofinterlockingtoothedwheels(gears)insidea

casing.

Seals密封，轴封一devicesthatpreventleakagebetween

internalcompartmentsinarotatingpieceofequipment

Steamturbine汽轮机，蒸汽透平一anenergy-conversion

devicethatconvertssteamenergy(kineticenergy)to

usefulmechanicalenergy;usedasdriverstoturnpumps,

compressors,andelectricgenerators.

Torque扭矩一theturningforceofrotatingequipment.

Viscosity粘度——ameasureofafluid'sresistancetoflow.

Volute蜗壳一thedischargechuteofacentrifugalpump,a

wideningcavitythatconvertsvelocitytopressure.

Rotor转子一theshaftandmovingbladesofrotary

equipmentorthemovingconductorofanelectricmotor.

Pumps泵一devicesusedtomoveliquidsfromoneplace

toanother,classifiedaspositivedisplacementor

dynamic.

Compressors压缩机一mechanicaldevicesdesignedto

accelerateorcompressgases;classifiedaspositive

displacementordynamic.

Centrifugalforce离，心力——theforceexertedbyarotating

objectawayfromitscenterofrotation.Oftenreferredto

asacenter-seekingforce,centrifugalforceisusually

statedastheforceperpendiculartothevelocityoffluid

movinginacircularpath.

3,静设备StationaryEquipment

3.1静设备的定义：Industrialequipmentdesignedtooccupyastationaryorfixedposition.

设计用于固定或固定位置的工业设备。

3.2静设备的分类

3.2.1管道piping

-Industrialpipingcomesinavarietyofshapes,designs,andmetalstosafelycontainand

transportchemicals.

—Theengineeringdesignercarefullyselectsthetypesofmaterialsthatarecompatiblewiththe

chemicalsandoperationalconditions.

—Pipingcanbecomposedofstainlesssteel,carbonsteel,iron,plastic,orspecialtymetals.

-Individualjointscanbethreadedoneachend,flanged,welded,orglued.

—Awidearrayoffittingsareusedtoconnectthepiping.

工业管道有多种形状、设计和金属，以安全地容纳和运输化学品。

一工程设计人员仔细选择与化学品和操作条件兼容的材料类型。

管道可以由不锈钢、碳钢、铁、塑料或特种金属组成。

-各接头可在各端上螺纹连接、法兰连接、焊接或胶合。

-大量配件用于连接管道。

堵头,塞子

■PipefittingsPlug

三通

3.2.2储罐storagetank

—Thechemicalprocessingindustryusestanks,drums,bins,andspherestostorechemicals.

—Thematerialsusedinthesedesignsincludecarbonsteel,stainlesssteel,iron,specialtymetals,

andplastic.

化学加工工业使用罐、桶、箱和球体来储存化学品。

-这些设计中使用的材料包括碳钢、不锈钢、铁、特种金属和塑料。

3.2.3阀门valves

—Adevicetodirectandcontrolthefluidsbystarting,stopping,andthrottling（restricting）

flowtomakeprocessingpossible.

—Itisdesignedtowithstandpressure,temperature,andflowandcanbefoundinhomesand

Industiyacrosstheworld.

-通过启动、停止和节流（限制）流量来引导和控制流体的装置，使加工成为可能。

-它的设计能够承受压力、温度和流量，在世界各地的家庭和工业中都可以找到。

3.2.4过滤器filters

—Filtersareusedinthechemicalprocessingindustrytoseparatesolidparticlesfromafluidby

passagethroughaporousmedium.

—Themostcommonfiltersarecartridgefilters（筒式过滤器）.

—Asmaterialflowsthroughthemedium,suspendedsolidsareseparatedfromthefluid.

—Redundant（乘U余的、其他的）filtersystemsallowatechniciantoswitchtoacleanfilterand

safelyremovethedirtycartridges（圆筒）.

化学加工工业中使用过滤器通过多孔介质从流体中分离固体颗粒。

最常见的过滤器是滤筒式过滤器。

-当材料流过介质时，悬浮固体与流体分离。

冗余（冗余）、过滤系统允许技术人员切换到干净的过滤器，并安全地取出脏的滤

筒。

3.2.5换热器heatexchanger

—Aheatexchangerallowsahotfluidtotransferenergyintheformofheattoacoolerfluid

withoutphysicalcontactbetweenthetwofluids.

-befoundinthefollowingcategories:shellandtube（管壳式），plateandframe（板框式），

spiral（螺旋式）,andaircooled（空气冷却式）.

-Atypicalshell-and-tubeheatexchangeriscomposedofaseriesoftubessurroundedbya

shell.

-热交换器允许热流体以热的形式将能量传递到较冷的流体，而两种流体之间没有物

理接触。

可分为以下几类：管壳（shellandtube）、板和框架（plateandframe）＞螺旋

（spiral）和风冷（aircooled）°

——典型的管壳式换热器由一系列被管壳包围的管组成。

3.2.6冷却塔coolingtower

Coolingtowersareusedbyindustrytoremoveheatfromwaterbyevaporation（蒸发）.The

internaldesignofthetowerensuresgoodairandwatercontact.

冷却塔被工业界用来通过蒸发除去水中的热量。塔的内部设计确保了良好的空气和

水的接触。

3.2.7锅炉boiler

Boilerisatypeoffiredfurnaceusedtoboilwaterandproducesteam;alsoknownasasteam

generator.

-Steamisusedtooperatesteamturbines,distillationsystems,andreactionsystems.

-Boilersuseacombinationofradiation,conduction,andconvectionmethodstochangewater

tosteam.

锅炉是一种用来烧水和产生蒸汽的燃烧炉；也称为蒸汽发生器。

-蒸汽用于操作汽轮机、蒸（留系统和反应系统。

-锅炉采用辐射、传导和对流相结合的方法把水变成蒸汽。

3.2.8火焰加热炉furnace

Firedheaters,orfurnaces,areusedtoheatuprawmaterialssotheycanproduceproducts

suchasgasoline（汽油），oil（石油），kerosene,plastic,andrubber.

Firedheaterstransferheatgeneratedbythecombustionofnaturalgas（天然气），ethane（乙烷）,

propane（丙烷）,orfueloil（燃油）.

取暖炉，或称炉子，用来加热原材料，以便生产汽油（石油）、石油（石油）、煤

油、塑料和橡胶等产品。

火焰加热器传递天然气（天然气）、乙烷（乙烷）、丙烷（丙烷）或燃油（燃油）

燃烧产生的热量。

3.2.8反应器reactor

—Areactorisavesselusedtoconvertrawmaterialsintousefulproductsthroughchemical

reactions.

—Theycombinerawmaterialswithacatalyst（催化剂），gases,pressure,orheat.

—Amixer（混i合器）maybeusedtoblend（混;合）thematerialstogether.

—Acatalystisamaterialdesignedtoincreaseordecreasetherateofachemicalreaction

withoutbecomingpartofthefinalproduct.

反应器是通过化学反应将原材料转化为有用产品的容器。

它们将原料与催化剂、气体、压力或热量结合起来。

-可使用搅拌机（混合）将材料混合在一起。

-催化剂是一种设计用于在不成为最终产品一部分的情况下提高或降低化学反应速率

的材料。

3.2.9蒸夕留塔distillationcolumn

Axialbearings-devicesdesignedtopreventback-and-forthmovementofashaft;alsocalled

thrustbearings.Distillationcolumn—a

Basichandtools——thetypicaltoolsprocesstechniciansusetoperformtheirjobactivities.

Belt—usedtoconnecttwoparallelshafts—thedriveshaftandthedrivenshaft-eachofwhichcylindricaltower

hasapulleymountedontheend;beltsfitinthegroovesofthepulleys.

Boiler-atypeoffiredfurnaceusedtoboilwaterandproducesteam;alsoknownasasteamconsistingofaseriesof

generator.trays（板orpacking（填

Centrifugalforce-theforceexertedbyarotatingobjectawayfromitscenterofrotation.Often

referredtoasacenter-seekingforce,centrifugalforceisusuallystatedastheforceperpendicular料）thatprovidea

tothevelocityoffluidmovinginacircularpath.

Chaindrive—adevicethatprovidesrotationalenergytodrivenequipmentbymeansofaseriesofcontactpointforthe

sprocketwheelsthatinterlinkwithachain;designedforlowspeedsandhigh-torqueconversions.

Compressors—mechanicaldevicesdesignedtoaccelerateorcompressgases;classifiedasvaporandliquid.The

positivedisplacementordynamic.contactbetweenthe

Coolingtower—asimple,rectangulardeviceusedbyindustrytoremoveheatfromwater.

Coupling——adevicethatattachesthedriveshaftofamotororsteamturbinetoapump,vaporandliquidinthe

compressor,orgenerator.

Distillationcolumn——acylindricaltowerconsistingofaseriesoftraysorpackingthatcolumnresultsina

provideacontactpointforthevaporandliquid.Thecontactbetweenthevaporandliquidinthecol­

umnresultsinaseparationofcomponentsinthemixturebasedondifferencesinboilingpoints.separationof

Drivenequipment—adevicesuchasacompressor,pump,orgeneratorthatreceivesrotational

energyfromadriver.componentsinthe

Driver—adevicedesignedtoproviderotationalenergytodrivenequipment.mixturebasedon

Filter-aporousmediumusedtoseparatesolidparticlesfromafluidbypassagethroughit.differencesinboiling

Firedheater-ahigh-temperaturefurnaceusedtoheatlargevolumesofrawmaterials.

Gearbox—apowertransmissionmechanismconsistingofinterlockingtoothedwheels（gears）points.

insideacasing.

Heatexchanger——anenergy-transferdevicedesignedtotransferenergyintheformofheatfrom

ahotterfluidtoacoolerfluidwithoutphysicalcontactbetweenthetwofluids.蒸储塔-由一系列托盘

Pumps-devicesusedtomoveliquidsfromoneplacetoanother;classifiedaspositivedisplace­

mentordynamic.（板或填料（填）组

Radialbearings一devicesdesignedtopreventup-and-downandside-to-sidemovementofashaft.成的圆柱形塔，为蒸

Reactor—adeviceusedtocombinerawmaterials,heat,pressure,andcatalystsintheright

proportionstoformchemicalbondsthatcreatenewproducts.汽和液体提供接触

点。塔中蒸汽和液体

的接触导致混合物中的组分根据沸点的不同而分离。

Rotaryequipment-industrialequipmentdesignedtorotateormove.

Rotor-theshaftandmovingbladesofrotaryequipmentorthemovingconductorofanelectric

motor.

Seals—devicesthatpreventleakagebetweeninternalcompartmentsinarotatingpieceof

equipment.

Stationaryequipment-industrialequipmentdesignedtooccupyastationaryorfixedposition.

Steamturbine—anenergy-conversiondevicethatconvertssteamenergy(kineticenergy)touseful

mechanicalenergy;usedasdriverstoturnpumps,compressors,andelectricgenerators.

Tanksandpipes-vesselsandtubesthatstoreandconveyfluids.

Torquetheturningforceofrotatingequipment.

Valve-adeviceusedtostop,start,restrict(throttle),ordirecttheflowoffluids.

Viscosity—ameasureofafluid*sresistancetoflow.

Volute——thedischargechuteofacentrifugalpump;awideningcavitythatconvertsvelocityto

pressure.

第二章阀门

1.相关术语

Accumulation-thepressuredifference(AP)betweeninitialliftpressureandfullliftpressureon

areliefvalve.

Actuator—adevicethatcontrolsthepositionoftheflow-controlelementonacontrolvalveby

automaticallyadjustingthepositionofthevalvestem.

Anglevalve—avalvethatoperatesbyadmittingfluidflowtothegateorplugandredirectingit

90°outthedischargeport.

Antiseizecompound—lubricantusedonexposedvalvestemthreads.

Ballvalves-namedfortheball-shaped,movableelementinthecenterofthevalve.

Blockvalve-anyvalvethatisintendedtoblockflow;alsocalledanisolationvalve.Theterm

generallyreferstogatevalves.

Bonnet—abell-shapeddomemountedonthebodyofavalve.

Bridgewallmarkings-manufacturerinformationonthebodyofavalve.

Butterflyvalves-characterizedbytheirdisc-shapedflow-controlelement,whichpivotsfromits

center.

Checkvalves-mechanicalvalvesthatpreventreverseflowinpiping.

Controlloop-acollectionofinstrumentsthatworktogethertoautomaticallycontrolaprocess;

usuallyconsistsofasensingdevice,atransmitter,acontroller,atransducer,andanautomatic

valve.

Controlvalves-automatedvalvesusedtoregulateandthrottleflow;typicallyprovidethefinal

controlelementofacontrolloop.

Diaphragmvalve~~adevicethatusesaflexiblemembranetoregulateflow.

Disc-adevicemadeofmetalorceramicthatfitssnuglyintheseatofavalvetocontrolflow.

Flange-adeviceusedtoconnect(bolt)pipingtoindustrialequipment.

Flow-controlelement—thepartofavalvethatregulatesflow;thatis,thegateorthedisc.

Fluid-ofthethreeformsofmatter-solids,liquids,andgases—liquidsandgasesareconsid­

eredfluids.

Gate-theflow-controlelementofagatevalve.

Gatevalve-adevicethatplacesamovablemetalgateinthepathofaprocessflow.

Globevalve-adevicethatplacesadiscinthepathofaprocessflow.

Handwheel——attachedtothevalvestemandusedtocontrolthepositionoftheflow-control

elementofavalve.

Multiportvalve-hasmultipleinletsand/oroutletsinspecializedpipingsystemstodivertflow

direction,allowingfluidsourcestobeswitched.

Needlevalve一atypeofglobevalvethathasaneedle-shapedelementthatfitssnuglyintotheseat.

Packing-aspeciallydesignedmaterialusedtostopfluidsfromenteringorescaping;packedaround

theshaft(stem)ofavalve,orshaftofapump.

Packinggland—amechanicaldevicethatcontainsandcompressespacking.

Plugvalve-adevicethathasaplug-shapedelement;usedforon/offservice.

Safety/reliefvalve~devicesettoautomaticallyrelievepressureinaclosedsystematapredeter­

minedsetpoint;reliefvalvesareusedforliquids;safetyvalvesareusedforgases.

Stem一ametalshaftattachedtothehandwheelandflow-controlelementofavalve.

Stuffingbox—thesectionofavalvethatcontainspacking.

Three-wayvalve—avalvewiththreeports(oneinletandtwooutlets)usedtodivertflowdirection.

Throttling-reducingorregulatingflowbelowthemaximumoutputofavalve.

Trim-theflow-controlelementandseatsinavalve.

Valvecapacity-thetotalamountoffluidavalvewillpasswithagivenpressuredifferencewhenitis

fullyopen.

Warping—atermusedtodescribetemperaturechangesandpipeexpansionthatcauseavalve

toseize,oruwarp."Closingavalvetooquicklycancausewarping,andwarpingcancausea

valvetostick.

Valvecapacity（|阀容量）isatermusedtodescribethetotalamountoffluidavalvewillpass

withagivenpressuredifferencewhenitisfullyopen.

阀门容量（阀容量）是一个术语，用于描述阀门完全打开时，在给定压差下通过的

流体总量

Thebodyofthevalvecontainsbridgewallmarkings（标志），whichprovidemanufacturer

informationspecifictothevalve.

Thebridgewallmarkingsincludethefollowinglettersandsymbols:

—W=Low-temperaturewaterservice

一O=Low-temperatureoilservice

—G=Low-temperaturegasservice

——二Flowdirection

阀体包含桥壁标记（标志），这些标记提供了阀门特定的制造商信息。

桥墙标记包括以下字母和符号：

-W1=低温供水

-O二低温油服务

-G=低温气体服务

一-二流向

Additionalinformationonsizeandpressureratingissometimesfoundonaplateattachedto

thehandwheel.

有关尺寸和压力额定值的附加信息有时可在附在手轮上的板上找到

2.阀门的分类

2.1分类标准

Flow-control•Gatevalve,Globevalve,Ballvalve,

elementsPlugvalve,Needlevalve...

VJ2.2分

•Cut-offvalve,Adjustingvalve,Check类

Functionvalve,Three-wayvalve,Safetyvalve

IJ

z\2.2.1

Operating

•pressure,flow,ortemperature...闸阀

conditions

IJgate

•Hand-operating,Electric-operated,valve

DrivingmethodPneumatic-operatedvalve

IJ

z、•Flangeconnection,Clampconnection,

ConnectingmannerThreadedconnection,Welding2.2.1.1

V>connection闸阀定

义与性质

Agatevalveisadevicethatplacesamovablemetalgateinthepathofaprocessflow.

闸阀是一种在工艺流程中放置可移动金属闸门的装置

Oneofthemorecommonvalvesinindustry.

Thegatesaresizedtofittheinsidediameterofapipe,soverylittlerestrictionoccurswhenitis

intheopenposition.

—Valvesvaryinsizefrom0.125inchestoseveralfeet.

—Theytypicallyareoperatedinthe“wideopen"or''completelyshut”position.

—shouldnotbeusedtothrottleflowforextendedperiods.

工业上比较常见的阀门之一。

闸门的尺寸与管道的内径相匹配，因此当闸门处于开启位置时，几乎不会受到限

制。

阀门的尺寸从0.125英寸到几英尺不等。

它们通常在“全开”或“完全关闭”位置操作。

-不应用于长时间节流

Thegateisplaceddirecdyinthepathofaprocessflowwhenitisshutandisliftedcompletely

outofthewaywhenopen.

当闸门关闭时，它直接位于工艺流程的路径中，当闸门打开时，它被完全吊离。

•Thetypicalgatevalveconsistsof:

Handwheel

手轮冬

HandWhGGl

PackingGlandpacking

WkeBohgland

填料压盖

BonnetBonnet

Gasket

nnetBoltNut.:

Stem阀杆型的

SeatRng

seating

areaGate

阀座闸板

2.2.1.2闸阀组成

常见闸板：

Solidwedge:楔形单闸板

Solidsplitgate:楔形双闸板

Paralleldiscs:平行盘

阀座：

Theseatingareaconsistsoftwofixedsurfacesorringsinsidethebodyofthevalvethatthe

gateclosesagainsttostopflow.

Seatsmustprovideacleanmatingsurfaceforthegatetosealproperl